scholarly journals Detection and Phylogenetic Analysis of Fish Viruses Inhabiting Freshwater Ornamental and Food Fish Species in India: A Survey-Based Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 09-18
Author(s):  
Vertika Bajpai ◽  
Divya Pragyan ◽  
Jyotirmaya Mohanty ◽  
Pramoda Kumar Sahoo
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Fish Species ◽  
Nervous Necrosis Virus ◽  
Viral Pathogens ◽  
Indian States ◽  
Fast Detection ◽  
Viral Nervous Necrosis ◽  
Cultured Fish ◽  
Fish Viruses ◽  
Comparative Phylogenetic Analysis

Molecular screening of viruses through PCR is a fast detection method and several variants of it have been developed to meet the shortcomings of conventional method. Extensive surveillance is an essential tool to have an estimate of circulating potential viruses in Indian aquatic systems. The present study focuses on standardization of semi-quantitative PCR-based diagnostics for eight freshwater fish viral pathogens and documents number of positive incidences after screening 437 numbers of samples during 2017-2020 for suspected fifteen freshwater finfish viral pathogens. Positive samples of Cyprinid herpes virus-2, carp edema virus and viral nervous necrosis virus from different regions of eastern Indian states viz., Odisha, West Bengal and Assam have given a scope of comparative phylogenetic analysis of strain variability in detail. Nevertheless, the study highlights the importance of rendering protection to native cultured fish by preventing their introduction and further spread on a local or national scale to either known or unknown susceptible fish species available in the region, and emphasize upon strengthening surveillance system.

scholarly journals Update on the Inactivation Procedures for the Vaccine Development Prospects of a New Highly Virulent RGNNV Isolate

Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1441
Author(s):  
Alberto Falco ◽  
Melissa Bello-Perez ◽  
Rocío Díaz-Puertas ◽  
Matthew Mold ◽  
Mikolaj Adamek
Keyword(s):  
Fish Species ◽  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Dicentrarchus Labrax ◽  
Nervous Necrosis Virus ◽  
Farmed Fish ◽  
Virus Particles ◽  
Response Strategies ◽  
Viral Nervous Necrosis ◽  
Potential Vaccine ◽  
Uv C

Viral nervous necrosis (VNN) caused by the nervous necrosis virus (NNV) affects a broad range of primarily marine fish species, with mass mortality rates often seen among larvae and juveniles. Its genetic diversification may hinder the effective implementation of preventive measures such as vaccines. The present study describes different inactivation procedures for developing an inactivated vaccine against a new NNV isolate confirmed to possess deadly effects upon the European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax), an important Mediterranean farmed fish species that is highly susceptible to this disease. First, an NNV isolate from seabass adults diagnosed with VNN was rescued and the sequences of its two genome segments (RNA1 and RNA2) were classified into the red-spotted grouper NNV (RGNNV) genotype, closely clustering to the highly pathogenic 283.2009 isolate. The testing of different inactivation procedures revealed that the virus particles of this isolate showed a marked resistance to heat (for at least 60 °C for 120 min with and without 1% BSA) but that they were fully inactivated by 3 mJ/cm2 UV-C irradiation and 24 h 0.2% formalin treatment, which stood out as promising NNV-inactivation procedures for potential vaccine candidates. Therefore, these procedures are feasible, effective, and rapid response strategies for VNN control in aquaculture.

Molecular survey and phylogenetic analysis of tick-borne pathogens in ticks infesting cattle from two South Indian states

2021 ◽  
pp. 100595
Author(s):  
Paramanandham Krishnamoorthy ◽  
Subramanium Sudhagar ◽  
Akshata Lokanath Goudar ◽  
Siju Susan Jacob ◽  
Kuralayanapalya Puttahonappa Suresh
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Indian States ◽  
Molecular Survey ◽  
South Indian

scholarly journals Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Clade 2.3.4.4b Subtype H5N8 Virus Isolated from Mandarin Duck in South Korea, 2020

Viruses ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 1389 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sol Jeong ◽  
Dong-Hun Lee ◽  
Jung-Hoon Kwon ◽  
Yu-Jin Kim ◽  
Sun-Hak Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Avian Influenza ◽  
South Korea ◽  
Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Highly Pathogenic ◽  
Pathogenic Avian Influenza ◽  
H5n8 Virus ◽  
And Control ◽  
Comparative Phylogenetic Analysis

In October 2020, a highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) subtype H5N8 virus was identified from a fecal sample of a wild mandarin duck (Aix galericulata) in South Korea. We sequenced all eight genome segments of the virus, designated as A/Mandarin duck/Korea/K20-551-4/2020(H5N8), and conducted genetic characterization and comparative phylogenetic analysis to track its origin. Genome sequencing and phylogenetic analysis show that the hemagglutinin gene belongs to H5 clade 2.3.4.4 subgroup B. All genes share high levels of nucleotide identity with H5N8 HPAI viruses identified from Europe during early 2020. Enhanced active surveillance in wild and domestic birds is needed to monitor the introduction and spread of HPAI via wild birds and to inform the design of improved prevention and control strategies.

Dietary fucoidan extracted from macroalgae Saccharina japonica alleviate hepatic lipid accumulation of black seabream (Acanthopagrus schlegelii)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
chuanqi yu ◽  
fan lin ◽  
haoji guo ◽  
guoquan liu ◽  
xianda he ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Fish Species ◽  
Lipid Accumulation ◽  
Liver Diseases ◽  
Artificial Diet ◽  
Saccharina Japonica ◽  
Hepatic Lipid ◽  
Hepatic Lipid Accumulation ◽  
Black Seabream ◽  
Cultured Fish

The use of artificial diet often leads to the increase of risk factor for the development of liver diseases, such as hepatic lipid accumulation (HLA) in commercial cultured fish species....

scholarly journals Capsid amino acids at positions 247 and 270 are involved in the virulence of betanodaviruses to European sea bass

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Moreno ◽  
Sandra Souto ◽  
Rocio Leiva-Rebollo ◽  
Juan J. Borrego ◽  
Isabel Bandín ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Immune Response ◽  
Fish Species ◽  
Sea Bass ◽  
Fish Mortality ◽  
Wild Type Virus ◽  
Nervous Necrosis Virus ◽  
Necrosis Virus ◽  
European Sea Bass

Abstract European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) is severely affected by nervous necrosis disease, caused by nervous necrosis virus (NNV). Two out of the four genotypes of this virus (red-spotted grouper nervous necrosis virus, RGNNV; and striped jack nervous necrosis virus, SJNNV) have been detected in sea bass, although showing different levels of virulence to this fish species. Thus, sea bass is highly susceptible to RGNNV, whereas outbreaks caused by SJNNV have not been reported in this fish species. The role of the capsid protein (Cp) amino acids 247 and 270 in the virulence of a RGNNV isolate to sea bass has been evaluated by the generation of recombinant RGNNV viruses harbouring SJNNV-type amino acids in the above mentioned positions (Mut247Dl965, Mut270Dl965 and Mut247 + 270Dl965). Viral in vitro and in vivo replication, virus virulence and fish immune response triggered by these viruses have been analysed. Mutated viruses replicated on E-11 cells, although showing some differences compared to the wild type virus, suggesting that the mutations can affect the viral cell recognition and entry. In vivo, fish mortality caused by mutated viruses was 75% lower, and viral replication in sea bass brain was altered compared to non-mutated virus. Regarding sea bass immune response, mutated viruses triggered a lower induction of IFN I system and inflammatory response-related genes. Furthermore, mutations caused changes in viral serological properties (especially the mutation in amino acid 270), inducing higher seroconversion and changing antigen recognition.

scholarly journals Sea Bass Immunization to Downsize the Betanodavirus Protein Displayed in the Surface of Inactivated Repair-Less Bacteria

Vaccines ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 94
Author(s):  
Lama ◽  
Pereiro ◽  
Novoa ◽  
Coll
Keyword(s):  
Culture Media ◽  
Dicentrarchus Labrax ◽  
Sea Bass ◽  
Surface Expression ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Nervous Necrosis Virus ◽  
Necrosis Virus ◽  
European Sea Bass ◽  
Viral Nervous Necrosis ◽  
Casein Hydrolysates

: This work describes immunization of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) juveniles against viral nervous necrosis virus (VNNV), a betanodavirus causing worldwide mortalities in many fish species. Protection was obtained with the so-called spinycterin vehicles consisting of irreversibly DNA-damaged DNA-repair-less Escherichia coli displaying at their surface a downsized VNNV coat antigen. In this work we have i) maximized bacterial expression levels by downsizing the coat protein of VNNV to a fragment (frgC91–220) containing most of its previously determined antigenicity, ii) developed a scalable autoinduction culture media for E.coli based in soy-bean rather than in casein hydrolysates, iii) enriched surface expression by screening different anchors from several prokaryotic sources (anchor + frgC91–220 recombinant products), iv) preserved frgC91–220 antigenicity by inactivating bacteria by irreversible DNA-damage by means of Ciprofloxacin, and v) increased safety using a repair-less E.coli strain as chassis for the spinycterins. These spinycterins protected fish against VNNV challenge with partial (Nmistic + frgC91–220) or total (YBEL + frgC91–220) levels of protection, in contrast to fish immunized with frgC91–220 spinycterins. The proposed spinycterin platform has high levels of environmental safety and cost effectiveness and required no adjuvants, thus providing potential to further develop VNNV vaccines for sustainable aquaculture.

scholarly journals Cultured Fish Species Affected by Red Sea Bream Iridoviral Disease from 1991 to 1995.

1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 233-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satoru Matsuoka ◽  
Kiyoshi Inouye ◽  
Kazuhiro Nakajima
Keyword(s):  
Red Sea ◽  
Fish Species ◽  
Sea Bream ◽  
Red Sea Bream ◽  
Cultured Fish
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