Intra-Seasonal and Annual Variation of Aerosols and Their Radiative Impact in the Sahelian Zone of Burkina Faso

Le mil est la deuxième importante céréale cultivée au Burkina Faso après le sorgho. Ces dernières années, les rendements sont en baisse du fait de la pauvreté des sols et des aléas climatiques. Cette étude réalisée en 2018 et 2019 à la Station de Recherches de Saria avait pour objectif d’identifier des technologies de gestion de l’eau et de la fertilisation qui optimisent les rendements du mil. Le dispositif expérimental était un bloc complétement randomisé avec une disposition des traitements en split-plot et trois répétitions où les parcelles principales correspondaient à quatre niveaux de travail du sol et les parcelles secondaires à huit niveaux de fertilisation minérale avec ou sans compost. Les résultats ont montré que l’utilisation du compost plus les engrais minéraux ont permis des gains de 338 à 502 kg ha-1 pour le grain et de 657 à 947 kg ha-1 pour la paille. Le labour a engendré des gains de 266 à 635 kg ha-1 pour le grain et de 381 à 601 kg ha-1 pour la paille. Ces résultats permettent de recommander le labour avec une fertilisation organique et minérale pour optimiser les rendements du mil dans la zone soudano-sahélienne du Burkina Faso.Mots clés : Labour, zaï manuel, billonnage cloisonné, compost, Station de Recherches de Saria Effects of tillage and organo-mineral fertilization on yields of pearl millet in the Soudano-sahelian zone of Burkina FasoABSTRACTPearl millet is the second important cereal crop cultivated in Burkina Faso after sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench]. In recent years, farmers failed to achieve good yields because of low productivity resulting from soil poverty and climatic risks. This study was carried out at Saria Research Station in 2018 and 2019 and aimed at finding the best combination of water management techniques and fertilizers to optimize pearl millet yields. The experiment was conducted in randomized complete block design with split plot arrangements of treatments and three replications. The main plot was tillage method with four levels and the sub-plot was fertilization with eight levels consisting of mineral fertilizers with or without compost. Results showed that the addition of compost to mineral fertilizers resulted in yield increases from 338 to 502 kg ha-1 for grain and 657 to 947 kg ha-1 for stover. The use of plough increased grain yield from 266 to 635 kg ha-1 and stover from 381 to 601 kg ha-1. These results indicate that the use of compost plus mineral fertilizers and plough that optimize pearl millet yields can be recommended for pearl millet production in the Sudano-sahelian zone of Burkina Faso.© 2021 International Formulae Group. All rights reserved.Keywords: Plough, manual zaï, tied-ridging, compost, Saria Research Station.

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Does <i>Jatropha curcas</i> L. show resistance to drought in the Sahelian zone of West Africa? A case study from Burkina Faso

Solid Earth Discussions ◽

10.5194/sed-7-639-2015 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 639-659

Author(s):

P. Bayen ◽

T. K. Sop ◽

A. M. Lykke ◽

A. Thiombiano

Keyword(s):

Survival Rate ◽

Burkina Faso ◽

Water Content ◽

Soil Water ◽

Soil Water Content ◽

Land Degradation ◽

Jatropha Curcas ◽

Sub Saharan Africa ◽

Restoration Technique ◽

Sahelian Zone

Abstract. Land degradation is an environmental problem which weakens agro-silvo-pastoral productivity in Sub-Saharan Africa. The most common manifestation of land degradation is the appearance of denuded land. We carried out an experiment to test the effect of three soil and water conservation techniques on survival and growth of Jatropha curcas seedlings transplanted onto two completely denuded lands in the Sahelian and Sudanian zones of Burkina Faso. We implemented an experimental design with three replicates per restoration technique. A total of 174 seedlings were planted in each study site. The results showed that soil water content varied according to the restoration technique used (df = 2; F = 53.21; p < 0.00) as well as according to study site (df = 1; F = 74.48; p < 0.00). Soil water content was significantly lower in the Sahel than in the Sudanian zone. Seedling survival rate varied significantly according to technique used (df = 2; F = 8.91; p = 0.000) and study site (df = 1; F = 9.74; p = 0.003). Survival rate, diameter and seedling height were highest at the Sudanian site. At the Sahelian site, all seedlings died two years after establishment. These results suggest that Jatropha curcas is unsuited to denuded land in the Sahelian zone. Most of the plants died in the Sahel between April and May, which is the peak of the dry season; this may be an indication that Jatropha may not be as drought-resistant as suggested by the prolific literature which has reported on diverse claims surrounding this plant.

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Status and Properties of Soils under Some Woody Species of Degraded Glacis in Northern Burkina Faso

Journal of Experimental Agriculture International ◽

10.9734/jeai/2020/v42i1130617 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 10-22

Author(s):

Abel Kadéba ◽

Salifou Traoré ◽

Soungalo Soulama ◽

Marco Schmidt ◽

Adjima Thiombiano ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Burkina Faso ◽

Woody Species ◽

Soil Samples ◽

Agricultural Communities ◽

Soil Variables ◽

Field Investigations ◽

Native Woody Species ◽

Negative Impacts ◽

Different Levels ◽

Sahelian Zone

Land degradation is a threat to biodiversity and has negative impacts on agricultural communities by aggravating food insecurity. The objective of this study was to examine the responses of native woody species and soil variables to different levels of glacis degradation in the Sahelian zone of Burkina Faso. Field investigations were performed according to the degradation gradient outlined in the Braun-Blanquet method. Soil samples were collected and analyzed in the laboratory. The results indicate that the diversity and diametric structure of woody species are functions of the glacis degradation stage. A total of eight (08) woody species were recorded on the glacis (7 species in non-degraded glacis, 7 species in moderately-degraded glacis and only 1 species in degraded glacis). Acacia raddiana is the only local woody species present in all three glacis degradation stages. It is recommended to rehabilitate degraded glacis in the Sahel in response to desertification. The high levels of sand, nitrogen (N) and carbon (C) characterize the non-degraded and moderately-degraded glacis, whereas the high levels of silt, clay, bulk density, pH-H20 and pH-Kcl indicate degraded glacis. This study can inform the future rehabilitation and management of Sahelian glacis.

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The effect of single vegetation elements on wind speed and sediment transport in the Sahelian zone of Burkina Faso

Earth Surface Processes and Landforms ◽

10.1002/esp.1452 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 32 (10) ◽

pp. 1454-1474 ◽

Cited By ~ 67

Author(s):

J. K. Leenders ◽

J. H. van Boxel ◽

G. Sterk

Keyword(s):

Sediment Transport ◽

Wind Speed ◽

Burkina Faso ◽

Sahelian Zone

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Does <i>Jatropha curcas</i> L. show resistance to drought in the Sahelian zone of West Africa? A case study from Burkina Faso

Solid Earth ◽

10.5194/se-6-525-2015 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 525-531 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

P. Bayen ◽

T. K. Sop ◽

A. M. Lykke ◽

A. Thiombiano

Keyword(s):

Survival Rate ◽

Burkina Faso ◽

Water Content ◽

Soil Water ◽

Soil Water Content ◽

Land Degradation ◽

Jatropha Curcas ◽

Sub Saharan Africa ◽

Restoration Technique ◽

Sahelian Zone

Abstract. Land degradation is an environmental problem which weakens agro-sylvo-pastoral productivity in sub-Saharan Africa. The most common manifestation of land degradation is the appearance of denuded land. We carried out an experiment to test the effect of three soil and water conservation techniques on survival and growth of Jatropha curcas seedlings transplanted onto two completely denuded lands in the Sahelian and Sudanian zones of Burkina Faso. We implemented an experimental design with three replicates per restoration technique. A total of 174 seedlings were planted in each study site. The results showed that the soil water content varied according to the restoration technique used (df = 2; F = 53.21; p < 0.00) as well as according to study site (df = 1; F = 74.48; p < 0.00). Soil water content was significantly lower in the Sahel than in the Sudanian zone. Seedling survival rate varied significantly according to technique used (df = 2; F = 8.91; p = 0.000) and study site (df = 1; F = 9.74; p = 0.003). Survival rate, diameter and seedling height were highest at the Sudanian site. At the Sahelian site, all seedlings died 2 years after establishment. These results suggest that J. curcas is unsuited to denuded land in the Sahelian zone. Most of the plants died in the Sahel between April and May, which is the peak of the dry season; this may be an indication that J. curcas may not be as drought-resistant as suggested by the prolific literature which has reported on diverse claims surrounding this plant.

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Performance de l’association mixte sorgho-niébé sur les productivités du sorgho et des sols en zone Soudano-Sahélienne du Burkina Faso

International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences ◽

10.4314/ijbcs.v15i3.12 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 15 (3) ◽

pp. 987-1005

Author(s):

Koulibi Fidèle Zongo ◽

Edmond Hien ◽

Boussa Tockville Mare ◽

Daouda Guebre

Keyword(s):

Burkina Faso ◽

High Efficiency ◽

Cropping System ◽

Northern Region ◽

Organic Substrate ◽

Organic Substrates ◽

Mixed Cropping ◽

Significant Performance ◽

The Many ◽

Sahelian Zone

Dans la zone soudano-sahélienne du Burkina Faso, la performance des associations mixtes sorgho-niébé reste faible bien que les nombreux services écosystémiques rendus par les associations céréales-légumineuses soient connus. L’objectif de la présente étude a été de comprendre la performance des associations mixtes sorgho-niébé sur la productivité du sorgho et du sol. L’étude a consisté à conduire des tests multi-locaux avec de petits agriculteurs familiaux de la région Nord du Burkina Faso. Des traitements à base de zaï simple (ZS), zaï + 9 t ha-1 de substrats organiques (ZF) et zaï + 9 t ha-1 de substrats organiques + 50 kg ha-1 d’urée (ZFN) ont été testés en 2013, chaque traitement étant répété 9 fois. En 2014, le traitement ZFN a été remplacé par le traitement zaï + 9 t ha-1 de substrat organique + 600 kg ha-1 de Burkina Phosphate (ZFP). Chaque parcelle élémentaire a abrité l’association mixte sorgho-niébé et la monoculture du sorgho. Les résultats ont montré que l’association mixte sorgho-niébé a généralement entrainé une dépréciation des rendements du sorgho par rapport à la monoculture du sorgho. Par contre, une performance significative de +58% en 2014 et un accroissement de +10% en 2013 des rendements totaux grains de sorgho et de niébé ont été enregistrés par rapport à la monoculture du sorgho. Une grande efficacité d’acquisition des nutriments par le sorgho associé au niébé a été enregistrée en comparaison à la monoculture du sorgho. Pour une meilleure performance des cultures mixtes sorgho-niébé, les traitements ZS et ZF sont à recommander pour augmenter les rendements totaux grains de niébé et de sorgho ainsi que l’acquisition de N dans les grains du sorgho ; les traitements ZFN et ZFP sont, quant à eux, sont à recommander pour améliorer la fertilité résiduelle en N et P des sols dans la région Nord du Burkina Faso. English title: Performance of sorghum-cowpea mixed cropping system on sorghum and soils productivities in the Sudano-Sahelian zone of Burkina Faso In Sudano-Sahelian zone of Burkina Faso, the performance of sorghum and cowpea mixed cropping system remains low although the many ecosystems provided associated by cereal and legume mixed or intercropping system are known. The objective of this study was to understand the performance of these sorghum and cowpea mixed cropping system on the productivities of sorghum and soils. The study consisted to multi-local tests with small family farmers in the northern region of Burkina Faso. Treatments based on simple zaï (ZS), zaï + 9 t ha-1 of organic substrates (ZF) and zaï + 9 t ha-1 of organic substrates + 50 kg ha-1 of urea (ZFN) were tested in 2013, each treatment being replicated at 9 times. In 2014, the ZFN treatment was replaced by the zaï + 9 t ha-1 of organic substrate + 600 kg ha-1 of Burkina Phosphate (ZFP). Each elementary plot was occupied by sorghum and cowpea mixed cropping system and monocropping sorghum. The results showed that the yields of sorghum mixed by cowpea generally lowered than the yields of monocropping sorghum. In contrast, a significant performance of +58% in 2014 and an increase of +10% in 2013 on total sorghum and cowpea grains yields were recorded compared to monocropping sorghum. The high efficiency of nutrient acquisition by sorghum in mixed cropping system with cowpea was recorded compared to monocropping sorghum. For better performance of sorghum and cowpea mixed cropping system, ZS and ZF treatments are recommended to increase total sorghum and cowpea grains yields, the N acquisition in sorghum grains, and ZFN and ZFP treatments were suggested to improve residual N and P fertility of soils in the northern region Burkina Faso.

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