scholarly journals Long Term Temperature Trends at Major, Medium, Small Cities and Hill Stations in India during the Period 1901-2013

2016 ◽  
Vol 05 (03) ◽  
pp. 383-398 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dilip Rajaram Kothawale ◽  
Nayana Rajendra Deshpande ◽  
Rupa Kumar Kolli
Keyword(s):  
Small Cities ◽  
Temperature Trends ◽  
Major Medium

scholarly journals Special Issue on Climate Migration

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Anda David ◽  
Frédéric Docquier
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Human Mobility ◽  
Economic Research ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Low Latitude ◽  
Weather Shocks ◽  
Temperature Trends ◽  
Agricultural Areas ◽  
Slow Onset

How do weather shocks influence human mobility and poverty, and how will long-term climate change affect future migration over the course of the 21st century? These questions have gained unprecedented attention in public debates as global warming is already having severe impacts around the world, and prospects for the coming decades get worse. Low-latitude countries in general, and their agricultural areas in particular, have contributed the least to climate change but are the most adversely affected. The effect on people's voluntary and forced displacements is of major concern for both developed and developing countries. On 18 October 2019, Agence Française de Développement (AFD) and Luxembourg Institute of Socio-Economic Research (LISER) organized a workshop on Climate Migration with the aim of uncovering the mechanisms through which fast-onset variables (such as weather anomalies, storms, hurricanes, torrential rains, floods, landslides, etc.) and slow-onset variables (such as temperature trends, desertification, rising sea level, coastal erosion, etc.) influence both people's incentives to move and mobility constraints. This special issue gathers five papers prepared for this workshop, which shed light on (or predict) the effect of extreme weather shocks and long-term climate change on human mobility, and stress the implications for the development community.

scholarly journals Smart carbon monitoring platform under IoT-Cloud architecture for small cities in B5G

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
He Zhang ◽  
Jianxun Zhang ◽  
Rui Wang ◽  
Yazhe Huang ◽  
Mengxiao Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Carbon Emission ◽  
Emission Measurement ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Small Cities ◽  
Real Time Data ◽  
Monitoring Platform ◽  
Term Data

AbstractWith the rapid development of the Internet of Things (IoT) in the 5G age, the construction of smart cities around the world consequents on the exploration of carbon reduction path based on IoT technology is an important direction for global low carbon city research. Carbon dioxide emissions in small cities are usually higher than that in large and medium cities. However, due to the huge difference in data environment between small cities and Medium-large sized cities, the weak hardware foundation of the IoT, and the high input cost, the construction of a small city smart carbon monitoring platform has not yet been carried out. This paper proposes a real-time estimate model of carbon emissions at the block and street scale and designs a smart carbon monitoring platform that combines traditional carbon control methods with IoT technology. It can exist long-term data by using real-time data acquired with the sensing device. Therefore, the dynamic monitoring and management of low-carbon development in small cities can be achieved. The contributions are summarized as follows: (1) Intelligent thermoelectric systems, industrial energy monitoring systems, and intelligent transportation systems are three core systems of the monitoring platform. Carbon emission measurement methods based on sample monitoring, long-term data, and real-time data have been established, they can solve the problem of the high cost of IoT equipment in small cities. (2) Combined with long-term data, the real-time correction technology, they can dispose of the matter of differences in carbon emission measurement under diverse scales.

scholarly journals Two decades of in-situ temperature measurements in the upper troposphere and lowermost stratosphere from IAGOS long-term routine observation

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florian Berkes ◽  
Patrick Neis ◽  
Martin G. Schultz ◽  
Ulrich Bundke ◽  
Susanne Rohs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weather Forecast ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Temperature Trend ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Medium Range Weather Forecast ◽  
Upper Troposphere ◽  
Temperature Trends ◽  
Geographical Regions

Abstract. Despite several studies on temperature trends in the tropopause region, a comprehensive understanding of the evolution of temperatures in this climate-sensitive region of the atmosphere remains elusive. Here we present a unique global-scale, long-term data set of high-resolution in-situ temperature data measured aboard passenger aircraft within the European Research Infrastructure IAGOS (In-service Aircraft for a Global Observing System, www.iagos.org). This data set is used to investigate temperature trends within the global upper troposphere and lowermost stratosphere (UTLS) for the period 1995 to 2012 in different geographical regions and vertical layers of the UTLS. The largest amount of observations is available over the North Atlantic. Here, a neutral temperature trend is found within the lowermost stratosphere. This contradicts the temperature trend in the European Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecast (ECMWF) ERA-Interim reanalysis, where a significant (95 % confidence) temperature increase of +0.56 K/decade is obtained. Differences between trends derived from observations and reanalysis data can be traced back to changes in the temperature bias between observation and model data over the studied period. This study demonstrates the value of the IAGOS temperature observations as anchor point for the evaluation of reanalyses and its suitability for independent trend analyses.

Small cities of the Tver region: in search of a place formula

2020 ◽  
pp. 105-113
Author(s):  
I.P. Smirnov ◽  
A.A. Smirnova ◽  
P.S. Lebedev
Keyword(s):  
Development Strategy ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Moscow Region ◽  
Classical Concept ◽  
Small Cities ◽  
Key Characteristics ◽  
Geographical Position ◽  
Key Features ◽  
Tver Region

The article attempts to determine «the place formula» for four small cities of the Tver region – Toropets, Kalyazin, Bezhetsk and Bologoye. In the scientifi literature, the phrase «place formula» fi appeared and conceptually took shape, probably in the article by A.I. Zyryanov, published in the journal «Regional’nye issledovanija» in 2013. The theoretical framework of this concept is the classical concept of economic-geographical position (EGP). The identifi of the key features of the EGP of these small cities based on the fi research with using local historical information and statistical data. The studied cities are different in their history, location, performed functions and role in the space of the region. Several positions were chosen as the key characteristics that were included in the formulation of the main properties of the place: natural features, transport accessibility and density, metropolitan position, and centrality. The main features of the EGP, which formed the basis of the «geographical formula» for the selected small cities of the Tver region, are as follows: for Toropets – remoteness and borderline, for Kalyazin – location on the Volga and proximity to the Moscow region, for Bezhetsk – its existence as a center of agriculturally developed and densely populated territory, for Bologoye – its functioning as a railway junction between the two Russian capitals. For a city, and especially for a small one, the articulation and translation of its “formula” can become the basis for a long-term development strategy.

scholarly journals Deeper waters are changing less consistently than surface waters in a global analysis of 102 lakes

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel M. Pilla ◽  
Craig E. Williamson ◽  
Boris V. Adamovich ◽  
Rita Adrian ◽  
Orlane Anneville ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Average Rate ◽  
Thermal Structure ◽  
Global Analysis ◽  
Regional Climate ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Water Column Stability ◽  
Temperature Trends ◽  
Lake Characteristics

AbstractGlobally, lake surface water temperatures have warmed rapidly relative to air temperatures, but changes in deepwater temperatures and vertical thermal structure are still largely unknown. We have compiled the most comprehensive data set to date of long-term (1970–2009) summertime vertical temperature profiles in lakes across the world to examine trends and drivers of whole-lake vertical thermal structure. We found significant increases in surface water temperatures across lakes at an average rate of + 0.37 °C decade−1, comparable to changes reported previously for other lakes, and similarly consistent trends of increasing water column stability (+ 0.08 kg m−3 decade−1). In contrast, however, deepwater temperature trends showed little change on average (+ 0.06 °C decade−1), but had high variability across lakes, with trends in individual lakes ranging from − 0.68 °C decade−1 to + 0.65 °C decade−1. The variability in deepwater temperature trends was not explained by trends in either surface water temperatures or thermal stability within lakes, and only 8.4% was explained by lake thermal region or local lake characteristics in a random forest analysis. These findings suggest that external drivers beyond our tested lake characteristics are important in explaining long-term trends in thermal structure, such as local to regional climate patterns or additional external anthropogenic influences.

scholarly journals Historical variability in Northern Hemisphere spring snow-covered area

1997 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 340-346 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ross D. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Great Plains ◽  
Former Soviet Union ◽  
Spring Temperature ◽  
Temperature Trends ◽  
Snow Covered Area ◽  
Covered Area ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Snow Cover Duration

Observed and reconstructed snow-cover duration data from stations covering southern Canada, the Great Plains, the former Soviet Union and China were used to reconstruct spring snow-covered area over North America (NA) and Eurasia from 1915 to 1985. A combination of nine regions from NA and five from Eurasia were able to explain 81% and 67%, respectively, of the variance in satellite-derived sprint; snow-covered area (SCA) for each continent. The results suggested sprint; SCA had decreased significantly in Eurasia this century, but there was no evidence of a similar long-term decrease in NA spring SCA. Considerable caution should be used when interpreting these results because of the short period of calibration, and because of the less-than-optimal distribution of station data. Nonetheless, the reconstructed results are consistent with observed spring-temperature trends, which show a significant increase over Eurasia, but none Over NA.

Long term water temperature trends in Austrian rivers

1995 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. W. WEBB ◽  
F. NOBILIS
Keyword(s):  
Water Temperature ◽  
Temperature Trends
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