scholarly journals A Paraquat Tolerance Mutant in Rice (<i>Oryza sativa</i> L.) Is Controlled by Maternal Inheritance

2018 ◽  
Vol 09 (10) ◽  
pp. 2086-2099 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nianhao Shih ◽  
Dagin Lin ◽  
Chingyuh Wang ◽  
Changsheng Wang
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Maternal Inheritance ◽  
Paraquat Tolerance

scholarly journals Overexpression of EiKCS confers paraquat-tolerance in rice (Oryza sativa L.) by promoting polyamine pathway

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiyu Luo ◽  
Shu Chen ◽  
Jiazheng Zhu ◽  
Laihua Ye ◽  
Nathan D. Hall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Transgenic Rice ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Photosynthetic System ◽  
Paraquat Toxicity ◽  
Paraquat Tolerance ◽  
Rice Leaves ◽  
Acid Pathway ◽  
Exogenous Spermidine ◽  
Fatty Acid Pathway

Paraquat is an important bipyridine herbicide by acting on the photosynthetic system of the plants and generating reactive oxygen species leading to cell death, whereas the mechanism of the paraquat resistance remains to be explored. In this study, a putative paraquat-resistant gene EiKCS from goosegrass (Eleusine indica L.) was isolated and overexpressed in a transgenic rice (Oryza sativa L.). This transgenic rice (KCSox) was treated by exogenous spermidine and paraquat and then was analyzed by qualitative and quantitative proteomics. Overexpressing of EiKCS enhanced paraquat tolerance in KCSox by the accumulation of endogenous polyamines whose dominant presences of polyamines benzoylation derivatizations in rice were C18H20N2O2, C28H31N3O3, and C38H42N4O4. The mechanism underlying the improving tolerance enhanced antioxidant capacity of ROS systems and light-harvesting in photosynthesis in KCSox rice leaves to reducing paraquat toxicity. The protein β-Ketoacyl-CoA Synthase (EiKCS) encoded by the EiKCS gene promoted the synthesis and metabolism of proteins of the polyamine pathway. Three cofactors CERs were identified and positively correlated with the function of EiKCS on very-long-chain fatty acids (VLCFAs) biosynthesis via promoting the polyamine pathway and inhibiting the links with the TCA pathway and fatty acid pathway to responding to the paraquat tolerance in the KCSox rice, which also caused the prolongation of the overproduction of spermine and a transient increase of intracellular malondialdehyde (MDA). These results expanded the polyamines pathway manipulated in cereals using genetic engineering to clarify the mechanism of paraquat-tolerance.

Keragaan Morfologi dan Kandungan Antosianin Padi Beras Merah (Oryza sativa L.) di Kecamatan Munte dan Kecamatan Payung, Kabupaten Karo

1970 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 391-403
Author(s):  
Wiwik Winarti ◽  
Eva Sartini Bayu ◽  
Revandy Iskandar Damanik
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
International Rice Research Institute ◽  
Research Institute

Keragaan morfologi dan kandungan antosianin padi beras merah (Oryza sativa L.) pada Kecamatan Munte dan Kecamatan Payung di Kabupaten Karo. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan informasi morfologi dan kandungan antosianin padi beras merah (Oryza sativa L.). Penelitian ini dimulai dari Juni 2017dan selesai pada Januari 2018 di kecamatan Munte dan Kecamatan Payung Kabupaten Karo.Metode survei deskriptif menggunakan panduan International Rice Research Institute (IRRI). Teknik penentuan lokasi secara sengaja dan pengamblan sampel secara kebetulan.Uji kandungan antosianin menggunakan metode analitik dengan menghomogenkan sampel. Hasil eksplorasi didapatkan 72 genotipe yang dibagi menjadi tiga lokasi lahan. Berdasaran uji kandungan antosianin didapatkan lahan A memiliki kandungan tertinggi yaitu 0,5 mg/100 g dan terendah yaitu lahan B 0,08 mg/100 g.

Efficacy of some insecticide modules against major insect pests and spider population of rice, Oryza sativa L.

ENTOMON ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 257-262
Author(s):  
Atanu Seni ◽  
Bhimasen Naik
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Untreated Control ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Gall Midge ◽  
Stem Borer ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Third ◽  
Treated Plot

Experiments were carried out to assess some insecticide modules against major insect pests of rice. Each module consists of a basal application of carbofuran 3G @ 1 kg a.i ha-1 at 20 DAT and Rynaxypyr 20 SC @ 30 g a.i ha-1 at 45 DAT except untreated control. All modules differ with each other only in third treatment which was applied in 65 DAT. The third treatment includes: Imidacloprid 17.8 SL @ 27 g a.i ha-1, Pymetrozine 50 WG @ 150 g a.i ha-1, Triflumezopyrim 106 SC @ 27 g a.i ha-1, Buprofezin 25 SC @ 250 g a.i ha-1; Glamore (Imidacloprid 40+Ethiprole 40% w/w) 80 WG @ 100 g a.i. ha-1, Thiacloprid 24 SC @ 60 g a.i ha-1, Azadirachtin 0.03 EC @ 8 g a.i ha-1, Dinotefuran 20 SG@ 40 g a.i ha-1 and untreated control. All the treated plots recorded significantly lower percent of dead heart, white ear- head caused by stem borer and silver shoot caused by gall midge. Module with Pymetrozine 50 WG @ 150 g a.i ha-1 treated plot recorded significantly higher per cent reduction of plant hoppers (>80% over untreated control) and produced higher grain yield (50.75 qha-1) than the other modules. Among the different treated modules the maximum number of spiders was found in Azadirachtin 0.03 EC @ 8 g a.i ha-1 treated module plot followed by other treatments.

Buried Narratives: Exhuming the Mother's Story in Oliver Twist

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 247-266
Author(s):  
Michelle L. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Social Change ◽  
Maternal Inheritance ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Poor Law ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Law ◽  
First Time ◽  
Critical Consideration

Initially, Oliver Twist (1839) might seem representative of the archetypal male social plot, following an orphan and finding him a place by discovering the father and settling the boy within his inheritance. But Agnes Fleming haunts this narrative, undoing its neat, linear transmission. This reconsideration of maternal inheritance and plot in the novel occurs against the backdrop of legal and social change. I extend the critical consideration of the novel's relationship to the New Poor Law by thinking about its reflection on the bastardy clauses. And here, of course, is where the mother enters. Under the bastardy clauses, the responsibility for economic maintenance of bastard children was, for the first time, legally assigned to the mother, relieving the father of any and all obligation. Oliver Twist manages to critique the bastardy clauses for their release of the father, while simultaneously embracing the placement of the mother at the head of the family line. Both Oliver and the novel thus suggest that it is the mother's story that matters, her name through which we find our own. And by containing both plots – that of the father and the mother – Oliver Twist reveals the violence implicit in traditional modes of inheritance in the novel and under the law.

Correlation Studies on Grain Yield and its Component Traits in Rice (Oryza sativa L.)

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (11) ◽  
pp. 13-14
Author(s):  
R. ARULMOZHI R. ARULMOZHI ◽  
◽  
Dr. A. MUTHUSWAMY Dr. A. MUTHUSWAMY
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Correlation Studies ◽  
Component Traits

Aplikasi Abu Sekam pada Padi Gogo (Oryza sativa L.) terhadap Kandungan Silikat dan Prolin Daun serta Amilosa dan Protein Biji

2011 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahadiyat Yugi Rahayu ◽  
Tri Harjoso
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Screen House

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh aplikasi abu sekam terhadap kandungan prolin dan silikat daun serta kualitas hasil yaitu protein dan amilosa biji padi gogo dan hubungan korelasi antar keempat komponen tersebut pada kondisi pertanaman 80 persen kapasitas lapang pada skala pot. Penelitian dilakukan di polibag dalam screen house Fakultas Pertanian Unsoed dengan menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok pola faktorial dengan faktor varietas (Situ patenggang, Limboto, Towuti, Batutegi dan Aek sibundong) dan faktor abu sekam (0, 2, 4, 6 t/ha), diulang tiga kali. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa pemberian abu sekam dosis 2−6 t/ha mampu meningkatkan kandungan silikat daun antara 18,49−29,43% dan menurunkan kandungan amilosa biji pada lima varietas sekitar 4,19−6,92%. Pemberian abu sekam dosis 2−6 t/ha mampu meningkatkan kandungan prolin daun antara 27,56−70,63% dan protein biji antara 2,35−16,71%. Antarvarietas menunjukan bahwa kandungan prolin tertinggi dihasilkan oleh varietas Batu tegi 18,58 persen dan protein biji pada varietas Situ patenggang 9,55%. Terdapat korelasi antar karakter fisiologis yaitu antara silikat-prolin (0,62) dan kandungan protein-amilosa biji (-0,78).

Produksi dan Mutu Benih Padi (Oryza sativa L.) Ratun dengan Aplikasi Bakteri Synechococcus sp. pada Berbagai Salinitas Media

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agung Sugiharto ◽  
Dwi Rahmawati ◽  
FNU Prayitno
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Synechococcus Sp ◽  
Range Test

Salah satu upaya untuk meningkatkan produksi dan mutu benih di lahan salin yaitu melalui penggunaan metode ratun dengan penambahan bakteri sintetik Synechoccocus sp. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui produksi dan mutu benih padi ratun yang tercekam salinitas dengan penambahan bakteri sintetik Synechoccocus sp. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Juli - Desember 2015 di Desa Suco, Kecamatan Mumbul Sari Jember dan Laboratorium Teknologi Benih Politeknik Negeri Jember. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Kelompok Faktorial (RAK) dengan 2 faktor dan 3 ulangan. Faktor pertama adalah cekaman Salinitas (S) yang terdiri dari 5 taraf, S1 = tanpa cekaman (kontrol), S2 = cekaman salinitas 1000 ppm, S3 = cekaman salinitas 2000 ppm, S4 = cekaman salinitas 3000 ppm, S5 = cekaman salinitas 4000 ppm. Faktor kedua inokulasi bakteri sintetik Synechoccocus sp. (B), yang terdiri dari 2 taraf, B1 = tanpa inokulasi bakteri (kontrol), B2 = Inokulasi sintetik Synechoccocus sp. Data dianalisis menggunakan uji F (ANOVA) dan dilanjutkan dengan perhitungan Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT). Hasil penelitian menunjukan perlakuan salinitas 1000 ppm (S2) menghasilkan jumlah anakan ratun produktif tertinggi yaitu 19,33 anakan. Cl- mempunyai fungsi utama dalam reaksi fotosintesis sehingga cekaman salintas pada perlakuan 1000 ppm (S2) dapat ditoleran oleh tanaman padi varietas Ciherang pada fase vegetatif. Pemberian Bakteri (B) Synechococcus sp. mampu menghasilkan tunas ratun tertinggi pada fase vegetatif yaitu 40,10 cm. Interaksi dari dua perlakuan menunjukan hasil yang nyata pada parameter jumlah gabah bernas yaitu cekaman salinitas 4000 ppm dengan inokulasi bakteri (B2S5) menghasilkan gabah bernas yang paling tinggi sebesar 99,06 butir. Inokulasi tanaman dengan Synechococcus sp. mampu meningkatkan kandungan nitrogen dan kandungan klorofil dalam jaringan tanaman. Interaksi antara cekaman salinitas 1000 ppm dengan inokulasi bakteri (B2S2) menghasilkan produksi per Ha yang paling tinggi yaitu 1,389 ton dan potensi produksi per Ha tertinggi yaitu 1.66 ton/ha.

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