Paddy Leaf Disease Analysis with Hybrid Algorithms Using Deep Learning Techniques

According to the standards of India the financial, political and social security depend legitimately just as in a roundabout way on the yearly creation of rice. Wellspring of pay of hundred a large number of individuals relies just upon rice creation and nothing else included according to the report of International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), 37% of the rice yield misfortune is because of illnesses. In a general public the rancher can deal with crop on-time with suitable treatment. By a yield shrewd rice is the hugest humanoid sustenance on the planet, which can be taken care of legitimately than some other gather. Sequentially, the fundamental target of cultivating is to yield and feed nourishment to the country. In this way, these leaf ailments in any structures in rice crop will in general reason decrease in quality, yield and financial movement separately. This venture reports a novel methodology for recognition and distinguishing proof of rice leaf infections by utilizing different propelled calculations, for example, VGG16, Alex net, and so on to expand the precision to more prominent level. To apply misfortune minimization procedure, for example, straight out cross entropy to build the precision. It expands precision with utilization of mixture calculations by performing tweaking. Just as proposes the kind of substance compost to be utilized when any sort of malady gets distinguished. Just as proposes the sort of compound compost to be utilized when any kind of sickness gets recognized.

Ketahanan Galur Isogenik IRBBN dan Galur Harapan Padi terhadap Patotipe Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae Dominan pada Tanaman Padi di Indonesia

<p><strong>Abstract</strong></p><p>The resistance genes in IRBB near isogenic lines (NILs) which was introduced from International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) have been known. It could be used as source of resistance to the dominant Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) pathotype in Indonesia. The purpose of this research was to evaluate IRBBN NILs and promising lines to the dominant Xoo pathotype in Indonesia i.e. pathotype III, IV, and VIII. Research was conducted at Sukamandi exprerimental field station in Subang, West Java, at dry seasons (DS) 2012 and wet seasons (WS) 2012/2013. The experiment was conducted following Factorial Randomized Completely Block Design with three replications. The first factor were three pathotype Xoo that was pathotype III, IV, and VIII, while the second factor were 20 IRBB lines, 6 promising lines, and 6 refferer varieties such as Conde, Lusi, Logawa, Java 14, Angke, dan Inpari 1. The result showed that three isogenic lines i.e. IRBB 21, IRBB 50, and IRBB 52 were resistant to Xoo pathotype III, IV, and VIII at DS 2012. At WS 2012/2013 was obtained five isogenic lines i.e. IRBB 52, IRBB 53, IRBB 54, IRBB 56, and IRBB 57 resistant to Xoo pathotype III, IV, and VIII. IRBB 52 was consistently resistant to the three Xoo pathotypes in two cropping seasons. It could be recommended to be used as donor in developing new resistant varieties to bacterial leaf blight.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Abstrak</strong></p><p>Galur isogenik IRBB introduksi dari International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) telah diketahui gen ketahanannya dan dapat digunakan sebagai sumber ketahanan terhadap patotipe Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) dominan di Indonesia. Kegiatan penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi ketahanan galur isogenik dan galur harapan terhadap patotipe Xoo dominan di Indonesia, yaitu patotipe III, IV, dan VIII. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Kebun Percobaan Sukamandi, Subang, Jawa Barat pada musim kemarau (MK) 2012 dan musim hujan (MH) 2012/2013. Penelitian dilakukan dengan Rancangan Faktorial Acak Kelompok dengan tiga ulangan. Faktor pertama adalah tiga patotipe Xoo, yaitu patotipe III, IV, dan VIII, sedangkan faktor kedua yaitu materi yang diuji sebanyak 20 galur IRBB, 6 galur harapan padi, dan 6 varietas pembanding, yaitu Conde, Lusi, Logawa, Java 14, Angke, dan Inpari 1. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa galur isogenik IRBB 21, IRBB 50, dan IRBB 52 bereaksi tahan terhadap Xoo patotipe III, IV, dan VIII pada MK 2012. Pada MH 2012/2013 diperoleh lima galur isogenik IRBB 52, IRBB 53, IRBB 54, IRBB 56, dan IRBB 57 bereaksi tahan terhadap Xoo patotipe III, IV, dan VIII. Galur isogenik IRBB 52 konsisten tahan terhadap Xoo patotipe III, IV, dan VIII pada dua musim tanam. Oleh karena itu, galur tersebut dapat direkomendasikan untuk dijadikan tetua tahan untuk perakitan varietas tahan HDB.</p>

DEALING WITH OUTLIERS AND INFLUENTIAL POINTS WHILE FITTING REGRESSION

Dealing with outliers and influential points while fitting regression is recognizing them, identifying the reasons to their existence in the process and employing the best alternatives to lessen their effect to the fitted regression model. In this paper, before considering elimination of outliers and the influential points while fitting a regression, as they contain important information, issues why unusual observations (possible outliers) appear in the process and how to analyze them to detect if they were real outliers, have been discussed thoroughly. And, when detected as outliers and influential points, to investigate and eliminate their effect in the fitted model, analytic procedures; leverage value, studentized residuals and cook's distance were carefully employed to optimize a multiple regression model for rice production forecasting in Nepal. This model was fitted with 35 years (1961-1995) time series data, collected from Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives, Food and Agriculture Organization Statistics Database, International Rice Research Institute and Department of Hydrology and Metrology which to its end was consisted of the three predictors, price at harvest, rural population and area harvested.Journal of Institute of Science and TechnologyVolume 22, Issue 1, July 2017, Page: 61-65

The use of Biotechnology in the Characterization, Evaluation, and Utilization of Indonesian Rice Germplasm

<p>Penggunaan Bioteknologi dalam Karakterisasi, Evaluasi,<br />dan Pemanfaatan Plasma Nutfah Padi Indonesia. Tiur S.<br />Silitonga. Beras merupakan makanan pokok penduduk<br />Indonesia yang terus meningkat kebutuhannya. Untuk memenuhi<br />kebutuhan beras nasional, peningkatan produktivitas<br />varietas padi terus diupayakan melalui peningkatan potensi<br />hasil dengan cara merakit varietas tipe baru dan padi<br />hibrida yang berdaya hasil tinggi dan genjah, tahan terhadap<br />cekaman biotik dan abiotik. Sejak tahun 2006 sampai saat<br />ini jumlah varietas yang dihasilkan sebanyak 31 varietas.<br />Perakitan varietas itu semua dilakukan dengan menggunakan<br />plasma nutfah. Sampai saat ini plasma nutfah yang dilestarikan<br />di Bank Gen Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan<br />Bioteknologi dan Sumberdaya Genetik Pertanian<br />(BB-Biogen) berjumlah sekitar 4.000 aksesi yang terdiri atas<br />varietas padi lokal, varietas padi unggul lama, varietas unggul<br />tipe baru, galur-galur elit, dan kerabat spesies padi liar.<br />Untuk menjaga keselamatan koleksi, sebanyak 2.500 aksesi<br />dilestarikan di Balai Besar Penelitian Padi sebagai koleksi<br />duplikat. Di samping itu, sebagai mitra kerja sama internasional,<br />koleksi ini juga disimpan di pusat pelestarian plasma<br />nutfah padi International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) sebanyak<br />lebih dari 8.900 aksesi. Plasma nutfah ini memiliki<br />peranan yang sangat besar sebagai sumber gen dalam<br />program pemuliaan padi. Untuk mempermudah pemanfaatannya,<br />koleksi ini telah di karakterisasi, dievaluasi, dan didokumentasikan<br />di dalam database. Karena plasma nutfah<br />memiliki nilai potensial dan nilai aktual bagi kehidupan manusia,<br />maka sangat penting untuk melestarikannya baik<br />secara in situ, ex situ, dan lekat lahan (on farm). Pada tulisan<br />ini diuraikan status koleksi plasma nutfah, bagaimana dikoleksi,<br />karakterisasi, evaluasi, dan didokumentasikan dalam<br />database dan dimanfaatkan dalam program pemuliaan<br />padi serta dalam pertukaran plasma nutfah padi. Dalam pemanfaatan<br />dan pertukaran plasma nutfah, Indonesia telah<br />meratifikasi perjanjian pertukaran sumber daya genetik dan<br />mengimplementasikannya dengan menggunakan Standard<br />Material Transfer Agreement (sMTA) melalui UU No. 4 Tahun<br />2006.</p>

Complete Chloroplast Genome Sequence and Annotation of the Tropical japonica Group of Asian Cultivated Rice ( Oryza sativa L.)

We announce here the first complete chloroplast genome sequence of the tropical japonica rice, along with its genome structure and functional annotation. The plant was collected from Indonesia and deposited as a germplasm accession of the International Rice GenBank Collection (IRGC 66630) at the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI). This genome provides valuable data for the future utilization of the germplasm of rice.