scholarly journals Effect of Transit Capacity onto Morning Commute Problem with Competitive Modes and Distributed Demand

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (01) ◽  
pp. 80-95
Author(s):  
Hiroshi Shimamoto
Keyword(s):  
Transit Capacity ◽  
Competitive Modes ◽  
Morning Commute

scholarly journals The Morning Commute Problem with Ridesharing When Meet Stochastic Bottleneck

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 6040
Author(s):  
Zipeng Zhang ◽  
Ning Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Cost Analysis ◽  
Dynamic Property ◽  
Travel Behavior ◽  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Related Research ◽  
Work Pattern ◽  
Schedule Coordination ◽  
Queue Model ◽  
Morning Commute ◽  
Analysis Models

This paper extends Vickrey’s point-queue model to study ridesharing behavior during a morning commute with uncertain bottleneck location. Unlike other ridesharing cost analysis models, there are two congestion cases and four dynamic departure patterns in our model: pre-pickup congestion case and post-pickup congestion case; both early pattern, both late pattern, late for pickup but early for work pattern, and early for pickup but late for work pattern. Analytical results indicate that the dynamic property of the mixed commuters equilibrium varies with the endogenous penetration rates associated with ridesharing commutes, as well as the schedule difference between pickup and work. This work is expected to promote the development of ridesharing to mitigate the traffic congestion and motivate related research of schedule coordination for regulating the ridesharing travel behavior in terms of the morning commute problem.

scholarly journals Study on Profitable Shared Parking Management Based on Day-to-Day Evolution Model

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-33
Author(s):  
Duo Xu ◽  
Huijun Sun
Keyword(s):  
Urban Area ◽  
Optimal Allocation ◽  
Cost Minimization ◽  
Profit Maximization ◽  
Evolution Model ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Short Supply ◽  
Parking Lots ◽  
Morning Commute ◽  
Quantity Control

Parking problems are getting increasingly serious in the urban area. However, the parking spots in the urban area are underutilized rather than really scarce. There is a large number of private spots in the residential areas that have the potential of being shared. Due to its private nature, shared parking is usually operated by a profitable mode. To study the utilization of shared parking and its impact on the morning commute, this paper proposes an evolution model. The supply side is a profit-chasing manager who decides on the selling prices and the business scale, while the demand side refers to travellers who respond to costs and choose the trip mode. By analysing the behaviour (strategy) of both sides, the study covers: 1 - the attraction and competition between parking lots and trip modes, 2 - the utilization and user composition of the parking lots. By inducing two numerical examples, the conclusions are that 1 - managers can achieve maximum profit and optimal allocation through price adjustment and quantity control; 2 - publicity (system cost minimization) and profitability (profit maximization) are consistent under certain threshold conditions; 3 - competition exists between parking lots as well as trip modes; some parking lots are even in short supply; profitable management does not create a market monopoly.

scholarly journals Spatial and Temporal Distributions of Air Pollutants in Nanchang, Southeast China during 2017–2020

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 1298
Author(s):  
Xiaoman Wang ◽  
Min Liu ◽  
Li Luo ◽  
Xi Chen ◽  
Yongyun Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Opposite Pattern ◽  
Industrial Sites ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Distributions ◽  
Haze Pollution ◽  
Temporal And Spatial ◽  
Morning Commute ◽  
Urban Sites ◽  
Pollution Concentrations

In response to COVID-19 in December 2019, China imposed a strict lockdown for the following two months, which led to an unprecedented reduction in industrial activities and transportation. However, haze pollution was still recorded in many Chinese cities during the lockdown period. To explore temporal and spatial variations in urban haze pollution, concentrations of air pollutants (PM2.5, PM10, SO2, CO, NO, NO2, and O3) from April 2017 to March 2020 were observed at 23 monitoring stations throughout Nanchang City (including one industrial site, sixteen urban central sites, two mountain sites, and four suburban sites). Overall, the highest concentrations of PM2.5, PM10, and SO2 were observed at industrial sites and the highest CO and NOx (NO and NO2) concentrations were recorded at urban sites. The air pollutants at mountain sites all showed the lowest concentrations, which indicated that anthropogenic activities are largely responsible for air pollutants. Concentrations of PM2.5, PM10, CO, NO, and NO2 showed similar season trends, that is, the highest levels in winter and lowest concentrations in summer, but an opposite season pattern for O3. Except for a sharply dropping pattern from January to May 2018, there were no seasonal patterns for SO2 concentration in all the observed sites. Daily PM2.5, PM10, CO, NOx, and SO2 concentrations showed a peak during the morning commute, which indicated the influences of anthropogenic activities on PM2.5, PM10, CO, NOx, and SO2. PM2.5, PM10, NOx, and CO concentrations at industrial, urban, and suburban sites were higher during nighttime than during daytime, but they showed the opposite pattern at mountain sites. In addition, PM2.5, PM10, CO, and NOx concentrations were lower during the lockdown period (D2) than those before the lockdown (B1). After the lockdown was lifted (A3), PM2.5, PM10, CO, and NOx concentrations showed a slowly increasing trend. However, O3 concentrations continuously increased from B1 to A3.

Dynamic carpool in morning commute: Role of high-occupancy-vehicle (HOV) and high-occupancy-toll (HOT) lanes

2020 ◽  
Vol 135 ◽  
pp. 98-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lin Zhong ◽  
Kenan Zhang ◽  
Yu (Marco) Nie ◽  
Jiuping Xu
Keyword(s):  
Hot Lanes ◽  
Morning Commute ◽  
High Occupancy Toll

Is It Too Crowded in Here?: In Search of Safety Standards for Pedestrian Congestion in Rail Stations

2017 ◽  
Vol 2648 (1) ◽  
pp. 126-133
Author(s):  
Justin D. Antos ◽  
Wendy Jia ◽  
Jonathan H. Parker
Keyword(s):  
Big Data ◽  
Level Of Service ◽  
Capital Projects ◽  
Safety Risk ◽  
Safety Standards ◽  
Special Event ◽  
Safety Risks ◽  
Transit Capacity ◽  
Transit Agencies

Many transit agencies have developed measurements of pedestrian crowding in rail stations but lack clear standards for when crowding becomes a safety risk that justifies an operating or capital intervention. How frequent, consistent, or severe must congestion be before a capital improvement is warranted to mitigate a safety risk? How should agencies weigh severe but infrequent congestion against moderate but daily congestion? Adoption of such standards is a critical step for a transit agency in identifying and prioritizing safety risks and capital needs. The Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority (WMATA, or Metro) uses a variety of methods to measure pedestrian crowding at Metrorail stations on platforms, escalators, and stairs and through fare gates. WMATA has incorporated big data into its measuring of crowding in rail stations and has recognized that using demand on a typical weekday can mask important variations and issues in normal operations. The agency has relied on the Transit Capacity Quality of Service Manual (TCQSM) to establish the capacity of station circulation elements, but the manual’s existing measures do not address questions of the frequency and severity of overcrowding or of what levels of crowding warrant action or capital projects. Although peer agencies commonly use station capacity values consistent with the TCQSM, other agencies have developed specific guidelines for acceptable peak crowding duration and special event conditions. This paper summarizes WMATA’s analytic approaches, including the use of pedestrian microsimulations to derive volume-to-capacity ratios and level of service. The paper concludes by calling for clear standards that consider frequency, severity, and acceptable safety thresholds.

Personal and societal impacts of motorcycle ban policy on motorcyclists’ home-to-work morning commute in China

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. 137-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuntao Guo ◽  
Jian Wang ◽  
Srinivas Peeta ◽  
Panagiotis Ch. Anastasopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Societal Impacts ◽  
Morning Commute

Accessibility Impacts of Park-and-Ride Systems

2019 ◽  
Vol 2673 (9) ◽  
pp. 72-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristin Carlson ◽  
Andrew Owen
Keyword(s):  
Travel Time ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Mixed Mode ◽  
Metropolitan Region ◽  
Twin Cities ◽  
Park And Ride ◽  
Transit Accessibility ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Morning Commute ◽  
Average Worker

This work presents a methodology for calculating park-and-ride (PNR) accessibility and provides case study results for the Minneapolis–Saint Paul, Minnesota (Twin Cities) facility system. PNR is a form of mixed-mode transit travel which is studied for its impacts on access to opportunities. Regional PNR systems offer a long-standing and widespread example of the collective benefits of mixed-mode travel. The Twin Cities metropolitan region has over 100 PNR facilities that are primarily connected to business districts through express and limited-stop transit service. PNR trip types require automobile and transit travel time matrices to link across space and time to capture mixed-mode travel characteristics. The resulting matrix is used in a cumulative accessibility analysis in which total jobs accessible within a travel time threshold is the variable of interest. Experimental results indicate that PNR facilities affect the suburban transit accessibility profile more than exurban or urban areas during the morning commute. The average worker-weighted job accessibility for a 30-min PNR trip increases by 230% from the comparable walk-to-transit measure. The transit accessibility made available through PNR facilities highlights the need to include PNR trip types in transit accessibility analyses and suggests that current methods underestimate transit accessibility in suburban regions.

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