Early Bird Scheme for Parking Management: How Does Parking Play a Role in the Morning Commute Problem

This paper extended the Vickrey’s point-queue model to study the early bird parking mechanism during morning commute peak hours. We not only investigated how commuters choose departure times in view of morning commute traffic congestion and the discounted early bird parking fee, but also analyzed the conditions which are determined for the existence of the user equilibrium in the analysis model provided in this paper. Moreover, the tendency of the total queuing time and the incremental parking pricing revenue was derived along with the different choice strategy between early bird parkers (ERPs) and regular parkers (RPs). The results showed that the number of commuters was jointly determined by the desired time and the bottleneck capacity for different schedules. Additionally, the method of fare incentive showed a better effect on reducing queue than the initial no-incentive method with the instantaneous travel demand. Most importantly, the incremental parking revenue can be increased by properly adjusting the parking pricing gap between ERPs and RPs. Our research not only provided several important propositions for the early bird parking mechanism but also included the optimal solutions for optimal parking pricing and schedule gap in two groups of parkers. This work is expected to promote the development of early bird parking to mitigate morning commute traffic congestion and motivate the related research of schedule coordination for regulating parking choice behavior in morning peak hours.

The Morning Commute Problem with Ridesharing When Meet Stochastic Bottleneck

This paper extends Vickrey’s point-queue model to study ridesharing behavior during a morning commute with uncertain bottleneck location. Unlike other ridesharing cost analysis models, there are two congestion cases and four dynamic departure patterns in our model: pre-pickup congestion case and post-pickup congestion case; both early pattern, both late pattern, late for pickup but early for work pattern, and early for pickup but late for work pattern. Analytical results indicate that the dynamic property of the mixed commuters equilibrium varies with the endogenous penetration rates associated with ridesharing commutes, as well as the schedule difference between pickup and work. This work is expected to promote the development of ridesharing to mitigate the traffic congestion and motivate related research of schedule coordination for regulating the ridesharing travel behavior in terms of the morning commute problem.

SCHEDULE COORDINATION FOR CITY AND SUBURBAN ROUTES OF GROUNDPUBLIC TRANSPORT

The article deals with the problem of reducing the transfer time at transport hubs. A mathematical model is proposed for coordinating the timetables of urban and suburban routes of ground public transport. The mathematical model is implemented using the «Search for a solution» add-in in Microsoft Excel. On the basis of the developed model, the search for the efficient shift of the interval of a suburban route was carried out. The latterminimizes the total passengers' time for a transfer at a transport hub.

Flight schedule adjustment for hub airports using multi-objective optimization

Based on the concept of “passengers self-help hubbing,” we build a flight schedule optimization model where maximizing the number of feasible flight connections, indicating transfer opportunities, as one objective and minimizing total slot displacements as the other objective. At the same time, the “Demand Smoothing Model” is introduced into the flight schedule optimization model to reduce the queuing delays for arrival and departure flights. We take into account all aircraft itineraries, the difficulty level of schedule coordination, and the maximum displacement of any single flight acceptable to airlines when optimizing flight schedule. Given an original schedule, the model produces a feasible modified schedule that obeys the slot limits specified for an airport without canceling any flights, increases transfer opportunities, and improves on-time performance for hub airports while reducing interference with airline scheduling preferences. The model was verified with the operating data of the Urumqi international airport, and the results show that minor adjustments to flight schedules can increase the transfer opportunities of the airport and significantly reduce flight queuing delays.

Resilient Schedule Coordination for a Bus Transit Corridor

Providing convenient transit services at reasonable cost is important for transit agencies. Timed transfers that schedule vehicles from various routes to arrive at some transfer stations simultaneously (or nearly so) can significantly reduce wait times in transit networks, while stochastic passenger flows and complex operating environments may reduce this improvement. Although transit priority methods have been applied in some high-density cities, operating delays may cause priority failures. This paper proposes a resilient schedule coordination method for a bus transit corridor, which analyzes link travel time, passenger loading delay, and priority signal intersection delay. It maximizes resilience based on realistic passenger flow volume, whether or not transit priority is provided. The data accuracy and result validity are improved with automatically collected data from multiple bus routes in a corridor. The Yan’an Road transit corridor in Shanghai is used as a case study. The results show that the proposed method can increase the system resilience by balancing operation cost and passenger-based cost. It also provides a guideline for realistic bus schedule coordination.

Successor Features Based Multi-Agent RL for Event-Based Decentralized MDPs

Decentralized MDPs (Dec-MDPs) provide a rigorous framework for collaborative multi-agent sequential decisionmaking under uncertainty. However, their computational complexity limits the practical impact. To address this, we focus on a class of Dec-MDPs consisting of independent collaborating agents that are tied together through a global reward function that depends upon their entire histories of states and actions to accomplish joint tasks. To overcome scalability barrier, our main contributions are: (a) We propose a new actor-critic based Reinforcement Learning (RL) approach for event-based Dec-MDPs using successor features (SF) which is a value function representation that decouples the dynamics of the environment from the rewards; (b) We then present Dec-ESR (Decentralized Event based Successor Representation) which generalizes learning for event-based Dec-MDPs using SF within an end-to-end deep RL framework; (c) We also show that Dec-ESR allows useful transfer of information on related but different tasks, hence bootstraps the learning for faster convergence on new tasks; (d) For validation purposes, we test our approach on a large multi-agent coverage problem which models schedule coordination of agents in a real urban subway network and achieves better quality solutions than previous best approaches.

PROSEDUR PELAYANAN LEMBAGA KEPADA PUBLIK AKADEMIK DI SLB NEGERI A KOTA BANDUNG

Communication procedure in public service academic at SLBN A Bandung City, Not all public academic know procedure. Some even made difficulties due to the stages that required the West Java Provincial Education Office first. Make a lot of academic public who repeat in making research letters conducted in SLBN A Bandung City. The uniqueness of this case study research lied in (1) the selection of research sites which are schools that provide special education for the visually impaired or previously known as the oldest extraordinary education in Southeast Asia. (2) Public Relations is not optimal in academic public services. (3) lies in a blind person who occupies the Deputy Principal for Public Relations and Advocacy in the SLBN A Bandung City. This study aims to know communication procedures in academic public services, the data in this research with qualitative approach is obtained through observation, in-depth interview, and literature study. The results showed that communication procedures in academic public services have seven procedures including Administration for PPL/PPG/KKN, Letter of Recommendation for the West Java Provincial Education Office for research, Disposition of Principals, Field Schedule Coordination, Conditioning Objects, Public Assistance by the Responsible Person / Teacher and Submitting the Activity Report