scholarly journals Spatial and Temporal Distributions of Air Pollutants in Nanchang, Southeast China during 2017–2020

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 1298
Author(s):  
Xiaoman Wang ◽  
Min Liu ◽  
Li Luo ◽  
Xi Chen ◽  
Yongyun Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Opposite Pattern ◽  
Industrial Sites ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Distributions ◽  
Haze Pollution ◽  
Temporal And Spatial ◽  
Morning Commute ◽  
Urban Sites ◽  
Pollution Concentrations

In response to COVID-19 in December 2019, China imposed a strict lockdown for the following two months, which led to an unprecedented reduction in industrial activities and transportation. However, haze pollution was still recorded in many Chinese cities during the lockdown period. To explore temporal and spatial variations in urban haze pollution, concentrations of air pollutants (PM2.5, PM10, SO2, CO, NO, NO2, and O3) from April 2017 to March 2020 were observed at 23 monitoring stations throughout Nanchang City (including one industrial site, sixteen urban central sites, two mountain sites, and four suburban sites). Overall, the highest concentrations of PM2.5, PM10, and SO2 were observed at industrial sites and the highest CO and NOx (NO and NO2) concentrations were recorded at urban sites. The air pollutants at mountain sites all showed the lowest concentrations, which indicated that anthropogenic activities are largely responsible for air pollutants. Concentrations of PM2.5, PM10, CO, NO, and NO2 showed similar season trends, that is, the highest levels in winter and lowest concentrations in summer, but an opposite season pattern for O3. Except for a sharply dropping pattern from January to May 2018, there were no seasonal patterns for SO2 concentration in all the observed sites. Daily PM2.5, PM10, CO, NOx, and SO2 concentrations showed a peak during the morning commute, which indicated the influences of anthropogenic activities on PM2.5, PM10, CO, NOx, and SO2. PM2.5, PM10, NOx, and CO concentrations at industrial, urban, and suburban sites were higher during nighttime than during daytime, but they showed the opposite pattern at mountain sites. In addition, PM2.5, PM10, CO, and NOx concentrations were lower during the lockdown period (D2) than those before the lockdown (B1). After the lockdown was lifted (A3), PM2.5, PM10, CO, and NOx concentrations showed a slowly increasing trend. However, O3 concentrations continuously increased from B1 to A3.

UAS measurements for the investigation of emissions of air pollutants at the Duesseldorf airport and industrial sites in the Rhine-Ruhr area, Germany

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Konradin Weber ◽  
Christian Fischer ◽  
Martin Lange ◽  
Tobias Pohl ◽  
Tim Kramer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Transmission ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Measurement Techniques ◽  
Transmission System ◽  
Online Data ◽  
Ruhr Area ◽  
Measurement Systems ◽  
Industrial Sites ◽  
Data Transmission System

<p>Instrumented UAS (unmanned aerial systems, drones) can substantially enhance the capabilities for the investigation of air pollutants, when equipped with the appropriate and customized air pollution measurement systems. Important advantages can be found in the exploration of vertical and horizontal pollutant profiles as well as in the determination of fugitive emissions. The HSD Laboratory for Environmental Measurement Techniques (UMT) has developed a series of different multicopter UAS for various measurement tasks and payloads. Additionally, different commercial UAS are used by UMT. The multicopter UAS are equipped, depending on the measurement task, with different specifically adopted lightweight measurement systems for aerosols (PM10, PM2.5, PM1, UFP, PNC, number size distributions) or gases like O<sub>3</sub>, SO<sub>2</sub>, NO<sub>X</sub>, CO<sub>2</sub> and VOCs. All measurement systems were intercompared with certified standard measurement equipment before use to assure the quality of the measurement results. Moreover, physical samples of aerosols can be taken during the flight, which enables a chemical or REM analysis after the flight.</p><p>Additionally, UMT developed an on-line data transmission system, which allows the transmission of measurement data during the flights from the UAS to the ground for continuous monitoring. In this way concentration plumes can be tracked and hotspots can be pinpointed during the flight. This online data transmission system is independent of commercial platforms, can work on different radio frequencies in a push mode (presently on 2.4 GHz) and communicates with RS232 and I<sup>2</sup>C interfaces. Within several intercomparison studies this online data transmission proved a high reliability and correctness of transmitted data.</p><p>In addition to technical details of the UAS and instrumentation we present in this contribution the results of different measurement campaigns based on our UAS measurements:</p><ul><li>Investigations of emissions from the Duesseldorf airport combining upwind and downwind UAS measurements. These investigations became of special interest, as due to the reduced air traffic caused by the Corona pandemia now single aircraft starts and landings could be monitored with their emissions at elevated altitudes.</li> <li>Investigations of vertical concentration profiles above the city of Duesseldorf, which could be influenced by industrial sites in the north of Duesseldorf as well as by the Duesseldorf airport.</li> <li>Investigations of vertical and horizontal pollution distributions near, at and around industrial sites in the Rhine Ruhr area, especially of metal industry plants and chemical plants.</li> </ul><p>These examples highlight the capabilities of UAS measurements, which will be further enhanced by planned simultaneous use of several UAS in parallel and joint tasks.</p>

scholarly journals Chemical characterization and synergetic source apportionment of PM<sub>2.5</sub> at multiple sites in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei region, China

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaojuan Huang ◽  
Zirui Liu ◽  
Jingyun Liu ◽  
Bo Hu ◽  
Tianxue Wen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Dominant Role ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Backward Trajectory ◽  
Entire Study ◽  
Background Site ◽  
Haze Pollution ◽  
Secondary Aerosols ◽  
Haze Formation ◽  
Urban Sites

Abstract. High frequencies of haze in China, especially in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei region, have received widespread attention in recent years. In this study, samples of filtered atmospheric fine particulate matter (PM2.5) were collected synchronously at three urban sites (Beijing, Tianjin, and Shijiazhuang) and at a regional background site (Xinglong) for one month during each season from June 2014 to April 2015. Chemical composition determination/analysis, chemical mass closure, positive matrix factorization (PMF) and backward trajectory clustering were employed to investigate the chemical speciation, haze formation mechanism, emission sources, and influences of regional transport in North China. Our results reported that the aerosol chemical compositions were very similar at the urban sites and the background site and mainly comprised organic matter (16.0 %–25.0 %), sulfate (14.4 %–20.5 %), nitrate (15.1 %–19.5 %), ammonium (11.6 %–13.1 %) and mineral dust (14.7 %–20.8 %). Sources apportionment of PM2.5 by PMF model revealed that secondary aerosols (background) and secondary inorganic aerosols (urban) were the dominant sources, which accounted for 29.2 %–45.1 % of PM2.5 throughout the entire study and played a vital role in the formation and development of haze pollution. Emissions of motor vehicle exhaust exerted a significant impact on haze formation at urban sites, particularly at Beijing; and coal combustion also played an dominant role in winter, especially at Shijiazhuang. Backward trajectory analysis revealed that haze pollution has remarkable regional characteristics and usually occurs when air masses originated from polluted industrial regions of the south prevailed, which accompanied by high PM2.5 loadings with high contributions of secondary aerosols. This study suggests that the control strategies to mitigate the haze formation in BTH region should be focused on the emission reduction of gaseous precursors from fossil fuel combustion, particularly from motor vehicles by improving the quality of oil products.

Role of highway traffic on spatial and temporal distributions of air pollutants in a Swiss Alpine valley

2013 ◽  
Vol 456-457 ◽  
pp. 50-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Regina E. Ducret-Stich ◽  
Ming-Yi Tsai ◽  
Martina S. Ragettli ◽  
Alex Ineichen ◽  
Nino Kuenzli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Highway Traffic ◽  
Alpine Valley ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Distributions

scholarly journals Aerosol-radiation feedback deteriorates the wintertime haze in North China Plain

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiarui Wu ◽  
Naifang Bei ◽  
Bo Hu ◽  
Suixin Liu ◽  
Meng Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
North China Plain ◽  
North China ◽  
Radiative Properties ◽  
Surface Cooling ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Incoming Solar Radiation ◽  
Haze Pollution ◽  
Pm2.5 Concentration

Abstract. Atmospheric aerosols or fine particulate matters (PM2.5) scatter or absorb a fraction of the incoming solar radiation to cool or warm the atmosphere, decreasing surface temperature and altering atmospheric stability to further affect the dispersion of air pollutants in the planetary boundary layer (PBL). In the present study, simulations during a persistent and heavy haze pollution episode from 05 December 2015 to 04 January 2016 in the North China Plain (NCP) were performed using the WRF-CHEM model to comprehensively quantify contributions of the aerosol shortwave radiative feedback (ARF) to near-surface PM2.5 mass concentrations. The WRF-CHEM model generally performs well in simulating the temporal variations and spatial distributions of air pollutants concentrations compared to observations at ambient monitoring sites in NCP, and the simulated diurnal variations of aerosol species are also consistent with the measurements in Beijing. Additionally, the model simulates well the aerosol radiative properties, the downward shortwave flux, and the PBL height against observations in NCP during the episode. During the episode, the ARF deteriorates the haze pollution, increasing the near-surface PM2.5 concentration in NCP by 10.2 μg m−3 or with a contribution of 7.8 %. Sensitivity studies have revealed that high loadings of PM2.5 during the episode attenuate the incoming solar radiation down to the surface, cooling the temperature of the low-level atmosphere to suppress development of PBL and decrease the surface wind speed, further enhancing the relative humidity and hindering the PM2.5 dispersion and consequently exacerbating the haze pollution in NCP. The ensemble analysis indicates that when the near-surface PM2.5 mass concentration increases from around 50 to several hundred μg m−3, the ARF contributes to the near-surface PM2.5 by more than 20 % during daytime in NCP, substantially aggravating the heavy haze formation. However, when the near-surface PM2.5 concentration is less than around 50 μg m−3, the ARF generally reduces the near-surface PM2.5 concentration due to the consequent perturbation of atmospheric dynamic fields.

Factors Contributing to Haze and the Influence on External Insulation of Power Equipments

2014 ◽  
Vol 700 ◽  
pp. 631-636 ◽  
Author(s):  
Song Gao ◽  
Zhi Cheng Zhou ◽  
Lin Jun Yang ◽  
Yong Liu ◽  
Feng Bo Tao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Power Transmission ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Temporal And Spatial Distribution ◽  
External Insulation ◽  
Weather Phenomenon ◽  
Haze Pollution ◽  
Power Load ◽  
Pollution Flashover ◽  
Temporal And Spatial

Haze-fog has been a severe pollution weather phenomenon in China due to a large number of emissions of pollutants with the rapid development of economy. The areas burst haze are usually coincidence with high density of electricity transmission line corridor or power load areas, and so the pollution flashover accidents happen frequently. In this paper the haze pollution situations and factors contributing to haze are introduced, and the mechanisms of haze inducing and aggravating the pollution flashover accidents are explained by analyzing the temporal and spatial distribution of PM2.5 and size characteristics of dust deposited transmission. Moreover, the influences of haze on power transmission and transformation equipment external insulation are discussed with combining the simulation pollution flashover experiments of high conductivity fog.

scholarly journals Spatial Distribution of BTEX and Inorganic Pollutants During Summer Season in Yalova, Turkey

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 565-581
Author(s):  
Lokman Hakan Tecer ◽  
Sermin Tagil ◽  
Osman Ulukaya ◽  
Merve Ficici
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Passive Sampling ◽  
Temporal Variations ◽  
Average Concentration ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Moran’S I ◽  
Moran's I ◽  
Industrial Sites

Abstract The objective of this research is to determine the atmospheric concentrations and spatial distribution of benzene (B), toluene (T), ethylbenzene (E) and xylenes (X) (BTEX) and inorganic air pollutants (O3, NO2 and SO2) in the Yalova atmosphere during summer 2015. In this study, a combination of passive sampling and Geographical Information System-based geo-statistics are used with spatial statistics of autocorrelation to characterise the spatial pattern of the quality of air based on concentrations of these pollutants in Yalova. The spatial temporal variations of pollutants in the air with five types of land-use, residence, rural, highway, side road and industrial areas were investigated at 40 stations in Yalova between 7th August 2015 and 26th August 2015 using passive sampling. An inverse distance weighting interpolation technique was used to estimate variables at an unmeasured location from observed values at nearby locations. The spatial autocorrelation of air pollutants in the city was investigated using the statistical methods of Moran’s I in addition to the Getis Ord Gi. During the summer, highway and industrial sites had higher levels of BTEX then rural areas. The average concentration of toluene was measured to be 5.83 μg/m3 and this is the highest pollutant concentration. Average concentrations of NO2, O3 and SO2 are 35.64, 84.23 and 3.95 μg/m3, respectively. According to the global results of Moran’s I; NO2 and BTEX had positive correlations on a global space at a significant rate. Moreover, the autocorrelation analysis on the local space demonstrated significant hot spots on industrial sites and along the main roads.

scholarly journals Fin Whale (Balaenoptera physalus) in the Ligurian Sea: Preliminary Study on Acoustics Demonstrates Their Regular Occurrence in Autumn

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 966
Author(s):  
Laura Pintore ◽  
Virginia Sciacca ◽  
Salvatore Viola ◽  
Cristina Giacoma ◽  
Elena Papale ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Balaenoptera Physalus ◽  
Temporal And Spatial Variation ◽  
Ligurian Sea ◽  
Fin Whale ◽  
Feeding Activities ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Temporal And Spatial ◽  
Passive Acoustic ◽  
Autumn And Winter

The patterns of movement of the fin whale (Balaenoptera physalus (Linnaeus, 1758)) in the Mediterranean Sea are still a matter of debate. Feeding aggregations are well known in the Corso-Liguro-Provençal Basin from July to September, but little is known for the autumn and winter seasons. Passive acoustic monitoring (PAM) was implemented in the Ligurian Sea to overcome this gap and to investigate the temporal and spatial variation of fin whale acoustic presence. From July to December 2011, five autonomous recorders were deployed at between 700 and 900 m depths. Fin whale calls were automatically detected almost every day, with higher vocalization rates in October, November, and December. Furthermore, daily vocalization rates were higher during light hours, and closer to the coast. These outcomes suggest that not all the individuals migrate, staying in the area also during autumn for feeding or breeding purposes. The dial cycle of vocalization might be related to feeding activities and zooplankton vertical migration, whereas the proximity to the coast can be explained by the morphology of the area that promotes the upwelling system. Although this work only represents a six-month period, certainly it suggests the need for a larger spatial and temporal PAM effort, crucial for species management and for mitigating possible impact of anthropogenic activities at the basin level.

scholarly journals Bioindication of Urban Air Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Using Petunia Hybrida

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 1305-1313 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatima Benaissa ◽  
Ibrahim Bendahmane ◽  
Nassima Bourfis ◽  
Oussama Aoulaiche ◽  
Rezak Alkama
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Petunia Hybrida ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Morphological Development ◽  
Atmospheric Emission ◽  
Particle Matter ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Polluted Sites

Different ways can be used to determinate the effects of hydrocarbons on plants: the bioindication with plants is one of these methods. It consists of using sensitive plants like Petunia hybrida to evaluate the urban levels of hydrocarbon pollution. The sensitivity shows physiological and morphological modifications. In this context, this research aims to characterize the level of exposure to air pollutants resulting from anthropogenic activities in urban area of Bejaia (Algeria) by measuring the morphological impacts induced on Petunia hybrida using 11 parameters detailing the morphological development of this plant. During 7 weeks (March 23- May 11, 2017), ten monitoring stations were chosen in this city. The results showed that the most important morphological changes are directly associated with the stations closest to the main atmospheric emission zones. It is by moving away from these sources of exposure that the morphological changes observed in this bioindicating plant become less important. These results coincide with those found for particle matter concentrations including PM10 and PM2.5 which indicate that Daouadji and Aamriw stations are the most polluted sites in Bejaia. Analyzes carried out on research station located in rural area (more than 30 km from the studied city) revealed a greater general development compared to other stations.

scholarly journals LGHAP: a Long-term Gap-free High-resolution Air Pollutants concentration dataset derived via tensor flow based multimodal data fusion

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaixu Bai ◽  
Ke Li ◽  
Mingliang Ma ◽  
Kaitao Li ◽  
Zhengqiang Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Management ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Data Fusion ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Big Data Analytics ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Haze Pollution ◽  
Pm2.5 And Pm10

Abstract. Developing a big data analytics framework for generating a Long-term Gap-free High-resolution Air Pollutants concentration dataset (abbreviated as LGHAP) is of great significance for environmental management and earth system science analysis. By synergistically integrating multimodal aerosol data acquired from diverse sources via a tensor flow based data fusion method, a gap-free aerosol optical depth (AOD) dataset with daily 1-km resolution covering the period of 2000–2020 in China was generated. Specifically, data gaps in daily AOD imageries from MODIS aboard Terra were reconstructed based on a set of AOD data tensors acquired from satellites, numerical analysis, and in situ air quality data via integrative efforts of spatial pattern recognition for high dimensional gridded image analysis and knowledge transfer in statistical data mining. To our knowledge, this is the first long-term gap-free high resolution AOD dataset in China, from which spatially contiguous PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations were estimated using an ensemble learning approach. Ground validation results indicate that the LGHAP AOD data are in a good agreement with in situ AOD observations from AERONET, with R of 0.91 and RMSE equaling to 0.21. Meanwhile, PM2.5 and PM10 estimations also agreed well with ground measurements, with R of 0.95 and 0.94 and RMSE of 12.03 and 19.56 μg m−3, respectively. Overall, the LGHAP provides a suite of long-term gap free gridded maps with high-resolution to better examine aerosol changes in China over the past two decades, from which three distinct variation periods of haze pollution were revealed in China. Additionally, the proportion of population exposed to unhealthy PM2.5 was increased from 50.60 % in 2000 to 63.81 % in 2014 across China, which was then drastically reduced to 34.03 % in 2020. Overall, the generated LGHAP aerosol dataset has a great potential to trigger multidisciplinary applications in earth observations, climate change, public health, ecosystem assessment, and environmental management. The daily resolution AOD, PM2.5, and PM10 datasets can be publicly accessed at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5652257 (Bai et al., 2021a), https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5652265 (Bai et al., 2021b), and https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5652263 (Bai et al., 2021c), respectively. Meanwhile, monthly and annual mean datasets can be found at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5655797 (Bai et al., 2021d) and https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5655807 (Bai et al., 2021e), respectively. Python, Matlab, R, and IDL codes were also provided to help users read and visualize these data.

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