Relationship between Age and Value of Information for a Noisy Ornstein–Uhlenbeck Process

The age of information (AoI) has been widely used to quantify the information freshness in real-time status update systems. As the AoI is independent of the inherent property of the source data and the context, we introduce a mutual information-based value of information (VoI) framework for hidden Markov models. In this paper, we investigate the VoI and its relationship to the AoI for a noisy Ornstein–Uhlenbeck (OU) process. We explore the effects of correlation and noise on their relationship, and find logarithmic, exponential and linear dependencies between the two in three different regimes. This gives the formal justification for the selection of non-linear AoI functions previously reported in other works. Moreover, we study the statistical properties of the VoI in the example of a queue model, deriving its distribution functions and moments. The lower and upper bounds of the average VoI are also analysed, which can be used for the design and optimisation of freshness-aware networks. Numerical results are presented and further show that, compared with the traditional linear age and some basic non-linear age functions, the proposed VoI framework is more general and suitable for various contexts.

Introducing a one-queue model to the paediatric emergency department

Introduction of ‘One Queue’ to our paediatric emergency department (PED)—changing to a single-stream triage destination in PED to improve patient flow, clinician experience and team cohesion.

Response Time Analysis for Nonperiodic CAN Message Based on GI/G/1 Queue Model

Controller area network (CAN) has wide applications in modern industrial control systems. Automobile manufacturers use this communication protocol for vehicle control, which is subject to real-time and high-reliability performance. However, with the increasing actuators gathered in the vehicle, time delay will lead to a serious problem for the vehicle safety and performance control. Thus, the information transmission stability of the CAN message needs to be investigated. In order to find out the delay response time of nonperiodic CAN message in the vehicle bus area, the response of the message transmitted in the CAN bus is modeled based on the GI/G/1 queue theory. The test platform is developed to verify the methodology. In the experimental test, some conditions with different IDs, load ratios, and priorities are investigated. Experimental results are compared with the theoretical results, and the simulation results show that the method is valid and verify the real response delay time of nonperiodic CAN message.

Electrons and holes in semiconductors

“Electrons and holes in semiconductors” applies band theory to electrons in the conduction band, and to holes in the valence band. Holes are described by an upside-down Fermi–Dirac distribution. An incorrect model (cinema-queue model) for a hole is discredited and replaced by a correct discussion. Both (conduction-band) electrons and (valence-band) holes are examples of quasi-particles. Both can be assigned their own group velocities and effective masses.

Analisis Sistem Antrian di Dinas Kependudukan dan Pencatatan Sipil Kabupaten Karawang

<p><em>This study aims to clarify the phenomenon of the use of service facilities and find the level of optimization of the queuing system and total costs. The queuing system is a process related to waiting for people to get services efficiently. The study was conducted at the birth certificate registration queue system using 2 (two) facilities at the Karawang Regency Population and Civil Registry Office using the multiple lane queue model (M / M / S). the population in this study were visitors who came to the birth certificate registration counter. The data collection time for one month is July 2019 at 10:00 - 11:00 WIB. Based on the results of research, simulations, and discussion it can be concluded that the actual condition queuing system in the Karawang Regency's Population and Civil Registration Service uses 2 (two) lane facility counters, the optimal queuing system at the Karawang Regency's Population and Civil Registration Service uses 3 (three) counter facilities following the M / M / S queuing model. the cost efficiency obtained is Rp. 75,531, - per hour or Rp. 13,897,667 per month with a percentage of 75%.</em></p><p> </p>

The Morning Commute Problem with Ridesharing When Meet Stochastic Bottleneck

This paper extends Vickrey’s point-queue model to study ridesharing behavior during a morning commute with uncertain bottleneck location. Unlike other ridesharing cost analysis models, there are two congestion cases and four dynamic departure patterns in our model: pre-pickup congestion case and post-pickup congestion case; both early pattern, both late pattern, late for pickup but early for work pattern, and early for pickup but late for work pattern. Analytical results indicate that the dynamic property of the mixed commuters equilibrium varies with the endogenous penetration rates associated with ridesharing commutes, as well as the schedule difference between pickup and work. This work is expected to promote the development of ridesharing to mitigate the traffic congestion and motivate related research of schedule coordination for regulating the ridesharing travel behavior in terms of the morning commute problem.

Quantitative Analysis of Waiting Length and Waiting Time for Frame Construction Work Activities Using a Queue Model; Focusing on Korean Apartment Construction

The frame construction of an apartment complex that consists of multiple buildings encounters various uncertainties, owing to the complex relationships between units of work. Currently, the period of such a construction is calculated based on the number of floors of the highest building in the complex. This study quantitatively analyzes an apartment frame construction period using a queue model and evaluates the validity of the estimated period. In this regard, a methodology is proposed for analyzing the construction period by applying the concept of a customer and a server. A case study on the duration of an apartment frame construction period is conducted with the Korea Land and Housing Corporation, which has supplied the largest number of apartments in South Korea. It was found that the stable state of a queue system was observed when the rate of server utilization was applied to the basement and above-ground floors. However, a stable state was not reached on the ground floor. This study includes non-working days in its calculation and quantitatively analyzes uncertainty factors during construction. Therefore, the findings can be practically utilized to quantitatively plan the durations of work units in an apartment frame construction.

Quantitative Analysis of Waiting Length and Waiting Time for Frame Construction Work Activities using a Queue Model; Focusing on Korean Apartment Construction

The frame construction of an apartment complex that consists of multiple buildings encounters various uncertainties, owing to the complex relationships among units of work. Currently, the period of such a construction is calculated based on the number of floors of the highest building in the complex. This study quantitatively analyzes an apartment frame construction period using a queue model and evaluates the validity of the estimated period. In this regard, a methodology is proposed for analyzing the construction period by applying the concept of a customer and a server. A case study on the duration of an apartment frame construction is conducted with Korea Land and Housing Corporation, which has supplied the largest number of apartments in South Korea. It was found that the stable state of a queue system was observed when the rate of server utilization was applied to the basement and aboveground floors. However, a stable state was not reached on the ground floor. This study includes non-working days in its calculation and quantitatively analyzes uncertainty factors during construction. Therefore, the findings can be practically utilized to quantitatively plan the durations of work units in an apartment frame construction.