A Quantitative Study of Fuel Efficiency of Diesel Vehicles with Diesel Particulate Filter in Repeated Test Cycles

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shihoko Noguchi ◽  
Yasunori Sogawa ◽  
Hiroshi Kawaguchi ◽  
Naoki Kono
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Study ◽  
Diesel Particulate Filter ◽  
Fuel Efficiency ◽  
Particulate Filter ◽  
Diesel Particulate ◽  
Diesel Vehicles ◽  
Repeated Test

Soot Load Sensing in a Diesel Particulate Filter via Electrical Capacitance Tomography

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ragibul Huq ◽  
Sohel Anwar
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Diesel Engines ◽  
Diesel Particulate Filter ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Fuel Efficiency ◽  
Particulate Filter ◽  
Electrical Capacitance Tomography ◽  
Electrical Capacitance ◽  
Diesel Particulate ◽  
Capacitance Tomography

Diesel engines are widely used in heavy duty trucks and off road vehicles due to their fuel efficiency and high power outputs. Environmental regulatory agencies have pushed ever stringent regulations on all internal combustion engines, including Diesel engines on gaseous as well as particulates (soot) emissions. In order to meet today’s and tomorrow’s stringent emission requirements, modern diesel engines are equipped with diesel particulate filters (DPF’s), as well as on-board technologies to evaluate the status of DPF. In course of time, particulate matter (soot) will be deposited inside the DPFs which tend to clog the filter and hence generate a back pressure in the exhaust system, negatively impacting the fuel efficiency. To remove the soot build-up, regeneration (active or passive) of the DPF must be done as an engine exhaust after treatment process at pre-determined time intervals. Since the regeneration process consume fuel, a robust and efficient operation based on accurate knowledge of the particulate matter deposit (or soot load) becomes essential in order to keep the fuel consumption at a minimum. In this paper, we propose a sensing method for a DPF that can accurately measure in-situ soot load using Electrical Capacitance Tomography (ECT). Simulation results show that the proposed method offers an effective way to accurately estimate the soot load in DPF. The proposed method is expected to have a profound impact in improving overall PM filtering efficiency (and thereby fuel efficiency), and durability of a Diesel Particulate Filter (DPF) through appropriate closed loop regeneration operation.

Modeling and Observability Analysis of DPF Regeneration

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Avra Brahma
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Particulate Filter ◽  
Model Performance ◽  
Time Estimation ◽  
Lumped Parameter Model ◽  
Particulate Filter ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Diesel Particulate ◽  
Observability Analysis ◽  
Diesel Vehicles ◽  
Starting Point

A Diesel Particulate Filter (DPF) is a necessary component on all modern Diesel vehicles in order to achieve the emission targets for particulate matter. A key problem in this context is the accurate real-time estimation of the soot in the DPF during or after a regeneration event. In this paper, a lumped parameter model for the regeneration regime of a Diesel Particulate Filter (DPF) is proposed which can be used as a starting point for the above purpose. Sensitivity of this model to various model parameters is discussed and significant parameters are identified. An observation problem is identified and a preliminary observability analysis is performed. Results of model performance and implications of the observability analysis are presented.

scholarly journals Technical note: Emission factors, chemical composition, and morphology of particles emitted from Euro 5 diesel and gasoline light-duty vehicles during transient cycles

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 4779-4796
Author(s):  
Evangelia Kostenidou ◽  
Alvaro Martinez-Valiente ◽  
Badr R'Mili ◽  
Baptiste Marques ◽  
Brice Temime-Roussel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Diesel Particulate Filter ◽  
Chemical Reactivity ◽  
Emission Factors ◽  
Particulate Filter ◽  
Diesel Particulate ◽  
Diesel Vehicles ◽  
Light Duty ◽  
Light Duty Vehicles

Abstract. Changes in engine technologies and after-treatment devices can profoundly alter the chemical composition of the emitted pollutants. To investigate these effects, we characterized the emitted particles' chemical composition of three diesel and four gasoline Euro 5 light-duty vehicles tested at a chassis dynamometer facility. The dominant emitted species was black carbon (BC) with emission factors (EFs) varying from 0.2 to 7.1 mg km−1 for direct-injection gasoline (GDI) vehicles, from 0.02 to 0.14 mg km−1 for port fuel injection (PFI) vehicles, and 0.003 to 0.9 mg km−1 for diesel vehicles. The organic matter (OM) EFs varied from 5 to 103 µg km−1 for GDI gasoline vehicles, from 1 to 8 µg km−1 for PFI vehicles, and between 0.15 and 65 µg km−1 for the diesel vehicles. The first minutes of cold-start cycles contributed the largest PM fraction including BC, OM, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Using a high-resolution time-of-flight mass spectrometer (HR-ToF-AMS), we identified more than 40 PAHs in both diesel and gasoline exhaust particles including methylated, nitro, oxygenated, and amino PAHs. Particle-bound PAHs were 4 times higher for GDI than for PFI vehicles. For two of the three diesel vehicles the PAH emissions were below the detection limit, but for one, which presented an after-treatment device failure, the average PAHs EF was 2.04 µg km−1, similar to the GDI vehicle's values. During the passive regeneration of the catalysed diesel particulate filter (CDPF) vehicle, we measured particles of diameter around 15 nm mainly composed of ammonium bisulfate. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images revealed the presence of ubiquitous metal inclusions in soot particles emitted by the diesel vehicle equipped with a fuel-borne-catalyst diesel particulate filter (FBC-DPF). X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis of the particles emitted by the PFI vehicle showed the presence of metallic elements and a disordered soot surface with defects that could have consequences on both chemical reactivity and particle toxicity. Our findings show that different after-treatment technologies have an important effect on the emitted particles' levels and their chemical composition. In addition, this work highlights the importance of particle filter devices' condition and performance.

scholarly journals Diesel Particulate Filter-Related Fuel Efficiency Improvements Using Biodiesel Blends in Conjunction With Advanced Aftertreatment Sensing and Controls

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Sappok ◽  
Paul Ragaller ◽  
Leslie Bromberg ◽  
Vitaly Prikhodko ◽  
John Storey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radio Frequency ◽  
Diesel Particulate Filter ◽  
Fuel Efficiency ◽  
Particulate Filter ◽  
Diesel Particulate ◽  
Biodiesel Blends ◽  
Oxidation Rates ◽  
Dpf Regeneration ◽  
Radio Frequency Sensor ◽  
And Control

It is well known that biodiesel may reduce engine-out particulate matter (PM) emissions and result in PM which has more favorable oxidation characteristics relative to PM derived solely from petroleum diesel. This study investigated the use of neat biodiesel, as well as blends, with a light-duty diesel engine equipped with a catalyzed diesel particulate filter (DPF) and radio frequency particulate filter sensor. The results show a reduction in engine-out PM emissions with increasing biodiesel blend levels and a corresponding increase in the duration between DPF regenerations. In situ measurements of the PM oxidation rates on the DPF using the radio frequency sensor further indicated more rapid oxidation of the biodiesel-derived PM with lower light-off temperatures relative to the petroleum-derived PM. The conclusions indicate considerable potential to extend DPF regeneration intervals and decrease regeneration duration when biodiesel blends are used in conjunction with advanced DPF sensing and control systems, thereby reducing the DPF-related fuel consumption.

Comparative analysis on the effects of diesel particulate filter and selective catalytic reduction systems on a wide spectrum of chemical species emissions

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Gerald Liu ◽  
Devin R. Berg ◽  
Thaddeus A. Swor ◽  
James J. Schauer‡
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Selective Catalytic Reduction ◽  
Diesel Particulate Filter ◽  
Catalytic Reduction ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Chemical Species ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Particulate Filter ◽  
Diesel Particulate ◽  
Aftertreatment Systems

Two methods, diesel particulate filter (DPF) and selective catalytic reduction (SCR) systems, for controlling diesel emissions have become widely used, either independently or together, for meeting increasingly stringent emissions regulations world-wide. Each of these systems is designed for the reduction of primary pollutant emissions including particulate matter (PM) for the DPF and nitrogen oxides (NOx) for the SCR. However, there have been growing concerns regarding the secondary reactions that these aftertreatment systems may promote involving unregulated species emissions. This study was performed to gain an understanding of the effects that these aftertreatment systems may have on the emission levels of a wide spectrum of chemical species found in diesel engine exhaust. Samples were extracted using a source dilution sampling system designed to collect exhaust samples representative of real-world emissions. Testing was conducted on a heavy-duty diesel engine with no aftertreatment devices to establish a baseline measurement and also on the same engine equipped first with a DPF system and then a SCR system. Each of the samples was analyzed for a wide variety of chemical species, including elemental and organic carbon, metals, ions, n-alkanes, aldehydes, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, in addition to the primary pollutants, due to the potential risks they pose to the environment and public health. The results show that the DPF and SCR systems were capable of substantially reducing PM and NOx emissions, respectively. Further, each of the systems significantly reduced the emission levels of the unregulated chemical species, while the notable formation of new chemical species was not observed. It is expected that a combination of the two systems in some future engine applications would reduce both primary and secondary emissions significantly.

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