Test Method for Determining Stiffness of Interior Trim Materials and Substrates by a Three Point Bending Test

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Test Method ◽  
Bending Test ◽  
Three Point Bending

scholarly journals Estimating Young’s Modulus of Materials by a New Three-Point Bending Method

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaohu Zeng ◽  
Shifeng Wen ◽  
Mingxi Li ◽  
Gongnan Xie
Keyword(s):  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Bending Test ◽  
Contact Friction ◽  
Specimen Preparation ◽  
Test Accuracy ◽  
Theoretical Derivation ◽  
Three Point Bending ◽  
Aluminum Alloy 2024

A new test method based on the three-point bending test is put forward to measure Young’s modulus of materials. The simplified mechanical model is established to make theoretical derivation. This method has not only the advantages of simple specimen preparation and convenient loading device, but also higher precision than the traditional three-point bending method. The method is adopted to obtain Young’s modulus of the aluminum alloy 2024. The feasibility of the method has been demonstrated by comparisons with the corresponding results obtained from the finite element method and experiment method. And the influence of contact friction on the test accuracy is analyzed.

Assessment of Sandwich Beam in Three-Point Bending for Measuring Adhesive Shear Modulus

2001 ◽  
Vol 123 (3) ◽  
pp. 322-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianmei He ◽  
Martin Y. M. Chiang ◽  
Donald L. Hunston
Keyword(s):  
Shear Modulus ◽  
Sandwich Beam ◽  
Adhesive Layer ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Bending Test ◽  
Beam Specimen ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Three Point Bending ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Made In

A finite element analysis (FEA) was conducted to examine the feasibility of determining the shear modulus of an adhesive in a bonded geometry using a three-point bending test on a sandwich beam specimen. The FEA results were compared with the predictions from two analytical solutions for the geometry used to determine the impact of the assumptions that were made in these analyses. The analytical results showed significantly different to the values obtained from other experiments on bulk samples of the adhesive in the glassy region. Although there were some agreements in rubbery region, the negligible sensitivity of the beam stiffness to the presence of adhesive layer makes the agreements very questionable. To examine the possible explanations for these differences in glassy adhesives, sensitivity analysis was conducted to explore the effects of experimental variables. Some possible reasons for the differences are discussed, but none of these reasons taken alone satisfactorily account for the discrepancies. Until an explanation is found, the three-point bending test using a sandwich beam specimen to determine the adhesive shear modulus might not be a desirable test method, at least for the range of geometry examined in this study.

scholarly journals A Method for Assessing Axial and Temporal Effects of the Leaf Sheath on the Flexural Stiffness of the Maize Stem

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jared Hale ◽  
Spencer Webb ◽  
Nathan Hale ◽  
Christopher Stubbs ◽  
Douglas D Cook
Keyword(s):  
Bending Strength ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Temporal Patterns ◽  
Leaf Sheath ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Bending Test ◽  
Flexural Stiffness ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Patterns ◽  
Three Point Bending ◽  
Non Destructive

Abstract Background: The leaf sheath of many plants has been observed to influence both stiffness of the stem and ultimate strength. The leaf sheath has been implicated in studies of maize “greensnap” (or “brittle-snap”) failure. However, but the influence of the sheath is still not well understood and few methods exist for studying the influence of the sheath. The goal of this study was to develop a method for assessing longitudinal and temporal patterns of sheath influence on flexural stiffness. This metric of flexural stiffness was chosen because it is non-destructive and has been shown to be highly predictive of bending strength. Results: A three-point bending test method was successfully developed for assessing the influence of the sheath on flexural stiffness. The method relies upon comparisons between pairs of tests at the same location (sheath present vs. absent). The influence of the sheath was statistically significant in all varieties tested. The test method provided insights into the longitudinal and spatial variation of sheath influence: sheath influence appears to be closely related to maturity since both spatial and temporal patterns of influence mirror the sigmoidal maturation patterns previously observed in maize stalks. Conclusions: The paired nature of this test method increases statistical significance while the non-destructive feature of this test allows for multiple tests along the length of the stalk. This method can be used to provide new insightsregarding how the leaf sheath influences stalk flexibility (and therefore strength). Preliminary results indicate that the influence of the sheath changes over the life span of the plant in parallel with maturation patterns. However, further studies will be needed to confirm this hypothesis more broadly and to study additional issues such as heritability and the influce of genotype and environment on sheath influence.

scholarly journals Influence of the Sintering Type in Ceramics Blocks for Cad-Cam

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 91
Author(s):  
Martín Kreisler DDS, MSc, PhD ◽  
Osmir Oliveira DDS, MSc, PhD
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Liquid State ◽  
Hardness Test ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Bending Test ◽  
Three Point Bending ◽  
Cad Cam ◽  
Ceramic Blocks ◽  
State Group

The aim of this study was to characterize the influence of the sintering type in the flexural strength and hardness of ceramic blocks for CAD-CAM.  Four type of ceramic blocks were selected and distributed according to the  type of sintering to be performed: Group G1 - In-Ceram® Alumina / liquid state; Group G2 - In-Ceram® AL / solid state; Group G3 - In-Ceram® Zircon / liquid state; Group G4 - In-Ceram® YZ / solid state. All blocks were cut in bar shape with dimensions of 25 x 5 x 2 mm.  and submitted to the three-point bending test and to the Vickers hardness test method.  The results, after statistical analysis, showed  that the average flexural strength of group G1 (351.7 MPa) and group G3 (356.3 MPa) were significantly lower than those of group G2 (421.9 MPa) and group G4 (758.4 MPa); as well as all hardness averages were significantly different, being higher for group G2 (1.936,6 HV) and group G4 (1.321,4 HV), when compared to group G1 (1.173,3 HV) and group G3 (1.094,6 HV).  It was concluded that the solid state sintering proved to be more efficient to obtain maximum densification of the ceramics blocks, resulting in high values of flexural strength and hardness.

scholarly journals Influence of the Sintering Type in Ceramics Blocks for Cad-Cam

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 91
Author(s):  
Martín Kreisler DDS, MSc, PhD ◽  
Osmir Oliveira DDS, MSc, PhD
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Liquid State ◽  
Hardness Test ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Bending Test ◽  
Three Point Bending ◽  
Cad Cam ◽  
Ceramic Blocks ◽  
State Group

The aim of this study was to characterize the influence of the sintering type in the flexural strength and hardness of ceramic blocks for CAD-CAM.  Four type of ceramic blocks were selected and distributed according to the  type of sintering to be performed: Group G1 - In-Ceram® Alumina / liquid state; Group G2 - In-Ceram® AL / solid state; Group G3 - In-Ceram® Zircon / liquid state; Group G4 - In-Ceram® YZ / solid state. All blocks were cut in bar shape with dimensions of 25 x 5 x 2 mm.  and submitted to the three-point bending test and to the Vickers hardness test method.  The results, after statistical analysis, showed  that the average flexural strength of group G1 (351.7 MPa) and group G3 (356.3 MPa) were significantly lower than those of group G2 (421.9 MPa) and group G4 (758.4 MPa); as well as all hardness averages were significantly different, being higher for group G2 (1.936,6 HV) and group G4 (1.321,4 HV), when compared to group G1 (1.173,3 HV) and group G3 (1.094,6 HV).  It was concluded that the solid state sintering proved to be more efficient to obtain maximum densification of the ceramics blocks, resulting in high values of flexural strength and hardness.

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