scholarly journals Bacterial diversity in vadose cave pools: evidence for isolated ecosystems

2021 ◽  
Vol 83 (4) ◽  
pp. 163-188
Author(s):  
Kaitlin Read ◽  
Leslie Melim ◽  
Ara Winter ◽  
Diana Northup
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Diversity ◽  
Water Chemistry ◽  
Nitrogen Cycling ◽  
Bacterial Diversity ◽  
Fresh Water ◽  
New Mexican ◽  
Human Contamination ◽  
Calcium Magnesium ◽  
Cave Ecosystems ◽  
The Common

Microbial diversity of cave pools, especially vadose pools, has received relatively little attention. To help fill this gap, this study reports on the bacterial diversity of 17 pools in three New Mexican arid land caves: Carlsbad Cavern, Lechuguilla Cave, and Hell Below Cave. These pools are spread throughout the caves and, with two exceptions, are not connected. The pools share a basic water chemistry, with fresh water of the calcium-magnesium-bicarbonate type. These 17 pools have Chao1 values between 40 and 1738; the Shannon diversity averages 4.6 ± 1.1, ranging from 2.6 to 6.4; and the Simpson averages 0.881 ± 0.099, ranging from 0.622 to 0.981. No two pools had the same communities, even at the phylum level. Nitrospirae, Alphaproteobacteria, Betaproteobacteria and Gammaproteobacteria were found >5% abundance in nine or more cave pools. Actinobacteria, Chloroflexi, Fibrobacteres, Firmicutes and Plantomycetes were at >5 % in four to six pools. Of the top ten widespread bacterial genera, Nitrospira was found in all pools, with >5 % in eleven pools. Other common genera include Polyclorovans, Propionibacterium, Polaromonas, Haliangium, Bacillus, Subgroup 6 uncultured Acidobacteria, Candidatus Omnitrophica, and uncultured Nitrosomonadaceae. Presence of several potential nitrogen cycling bacteria (e.g., Nitrospira) in the study pools suggests that nitrogen cycling may be an important bacterial role. There is some evidence of human contamination, particularly in the heavily visited Big Room, Carlsbad Cavern, but it is not the dominant control. Rather than a single stable cave pool community, adapted to the cave pool ecosystem, the data show 17 different communities, despite relatively similar conditions. The data support the hypothesis that each pool is a unique, isolated ecosystem, with differences likely caused more by the isolation of each pool than by variable chemistry. Thus, the common habit of grouping samples, while useful for some questions, may not capture the diversity present in cave ecosystems.

EVALUATION OF PTYCHOBOTHRIDEAN CESTODES USING RANDOM AMPLIFIED POLYMORPHIC DNA (RAPD) MARKERS FROM FRESH WATER FISHES IN GODAVARI BASIN (M.S.) INDIA

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
SUNITA BORDE ◽  
ASAWARI FARTADE ◽  
AMOL THOSAR ◽  
RAHUL KHAWAL
Keyword(s):  
Fresh Water ◽  
Rapd Markers ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Band Pattern ◽  
Genomic Variation ◽  
Polymorphic Band ◽  
Rapd Profile ◽  
Band Size ◽  
Pcr Product ◽  
The Common

Ptychobothridean genera like Senga and Circumoncobothrium are the common parasites of fresh water fishes. The genotypic study of these parasites was taken by RAPD. The RAPD profile of these two parasites were not similar to each other as depicted by the band pattern in picture. These results suggest the presence of inter-specific polymorphism among cestode parasites of two different genera for RAPD analysis. The present study demonstrated that genetic differentiation of cestode parasites could be accomplished on the basis of genomic variation with polymorphic band pattern using RAPD. All the detected bands (PCR product) were polymorphic and band size ranged from 500-5000 bp in length. The RAPD of profiles using GBO-31, GBO-32, GBO-33, GBO-34, GBO-35 and GBO-36. Primers were able to characterize inter-specific polymorphism among the two genus ( Senga and Circumoncobothrium ). Genetic analysis suggests that Senga and Circumoncobothrium show genetic diversity with respect to RAPD patterns using all the six primers used for the present study. The genetic distance between the analyzed genuses ranged from 0.14 to 0.80. The differentiation of the two parasites on the basis of genetic markers could greatly facilitate study on the biology of these parasites.

Formation of water chemistry in the Modonkul river under the action of mine drainage effluent

2020 ◽  
pp. 56-66
Author(s):  
Z. I. Khazheeva ◽  
S. S. Sanzhanova
Keyword(s):  
Water Chemistry ◽  
Mine Drainage ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Catchment Basin ◽  
Sulfate Anion ◽  
Concentrated Flow ◽  
Sodium Calcium ◽  
Calcium Cation ◽  
Calcium Magnesium ◽  
The Town

The Dzhida ore field in the Zakamensk district of Buryatia features high concentration of mineralization within a small area. The Dzhida deposit is composed of complex ore. The ore field contains commercial-value primary deposits: Pervomai stockwork of molybdenum, Kholtoson tungsten lode and Inkur stockwork of tungsten. The Modonkul river catchment basin lies inside the Dzhida ore field. A real threat to the town of Zakamensk is created by manmade sand-bulk (old) tailings and slurry dump. By now, the concentrated flow of natural and man-made sand enters the low terrace and floodplain of the Modonkul river in the form of a talus train. This study is focused on the influence of the mine drainage effluent and the Inkur tributary on the water chemistry in the Modonkul river. 80 water samples were taken from the surface layer 0-0.5 m thick at five stations. Physicochemical indices of water were measured at the water sampling points, and the water chemistry was analyzed in a laboratory. In the background conditions, cations and anions in the Modonkul water chemistry range in decreasing order as follows: Са2+ > Mg2+ > Na++К+ и HCO - > SO 2- > Cl-. In the zone of mixture of natural and mine process water, the chemistry changes: from hydrocarbonate to sulfate (anion), from calcium-magnesium to sodium-calcium (cation). Downstream the natural chemistry changes to the hydrocabonate-sulfate composition, with prevailing content of calcium in cations. Iron content of water lowers 3-4 times after influx of mine effluents, while the contents of Mn, Zn, Co and Cd grow and then decrease downstream.

scholarly journals Soil microbial inoculation during flood events shapes headwater stream microbial communities and diversity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florian Caillon ◽  
Katharina Besemer ◽  
Peter Peduzzi ◽  
Jakob Schelker
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Diversity ◽  
Bacterial Diversity ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Headwater Streams ◽  
High Flow ◽  
Low Flow ◽  
Flood Events ◽  
Flow Conditions ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Microbial Inoculation

AbstractFlood events are now recognized as potentially important occasions for the transfer of soil microbes to stream ecosystems. Yet, little is known about these “dynamic pulses of microbial life” for stream bacterial community composition (BCC) and diversity. In this study, we explored the potential alteration of stream BCC by soil inoculation during high flow events in six pre-alpine first order streams and the larger Oberer Seebach. During 1 year, we compared variations of BCC in soil water, stream water and in benthic biofilms at different flow conditions (low to intermediate flows versus high flow). Bacterial diversity was lowest in biofilms, followed by soils and highest in headwater streams and the Oberer Seebach. In headwater streams, bacterial diversity was significantly higher during high flow, as compared to low flow (Shannon diversity: 7.6 versus 7.9 at low versus high flow, respectively, p < 0.001). Approximately 70% of the bacterial operational taxonomic units (OTUs) from streams and stream biofilms were the same as in soil water, while in the latter one third of the OTUs were specific to high flow conditions. These soil high-flow OTUs were also found in streams and biofilms at other times of the year. These results demonstrate the relevance of floods in generating short and reoccurring inoculation events for flowing waters. Moreover, they show that soil microbial inoculation during high flow enhances microbial diversity and shapes fluvial BCC even during low flow. Hence, soil microbial inoculation during floods could act as a previously overlooked driver of microbial diversity in headwater streams.

2. Communication relative to the Fresh-Water Limestone of Burdiehouse, near Edinburgh, belonging to the Carboniferous Group of Rocks

1845 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 33-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hibbert
Keyword(s):  
Fresh Water ◽  
Marine Origin ◽  
North East ◽  
South West ◽  
Water Origin ◽  
The Common ◽  
Firth Of Forth ◽  
Carboniferous Limestone

In his paper, the author explains that the limestone in question, which is confounded with the common carboniferous or mountain limestone of marine origin, is, in his opinion, of fresh-water origin.On an irregular line extending from Joppa on the coast of the Firth of Forth, in a south and south-west direction to the Pentland Hills, strata of mountain or carboniferous limestone crop out at intervals; and their marine origin is indicated by encrinites, the Productus, &c., and corallines. This limestone is developed with least interruption between Edmonstone and Muirhouse, where it is from twelve to twenty feet thick. At this part of the line may be seen fractures and elevations of the strata of limestone and superincumbent shale and sandstone, evidently occasioned by a sudden and violent uplifting force acting from north-east to south-west, and causing the uplifted strata to dip south-east at an angle of 25°. These uplifted beds, between Edmonstone and Muirhouse, and subsequently to Burdiehouse, form the strata which dip under the coalmeasures of Gilmerton, Loanhead, and other sites.

scholarly journals Potential Use of Water Associated with Conventional Oil Production and Sea Water as Base Fluids for Hydraulic Fracturing Operations: Effect of Water Chemistry on Crosslinking and Breaking Behaviors of Guar Gum-Based Fracturing Fluid Formulations

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dayanand Saini ◽  
Timea Mezei
Keyword(s):  
Los Angeles ◽  
Hydraulic Fracturing ◽  
Water Chemistry ◽  
Fresh Water ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Guar Gum ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Oil Production ◽  
Fracturing Fluid ◽  
Conventional Oil

 Even though water consumption per hydraulic fracturing (or fracturing) job is relatively low; nearly all of the fresh water used for fracturing in California is in the regions of high water stress such as San Jouquin and Los Angeles Basins. However, water availability should not be a concern as huge volumes of water are being produced along with oil and gas from conventional formations (i.e. associated water) in the Kern County of California, a region where most of the fracturing activities take place. This associated water can potentially be used for preparing fracturing fluids in stimulating the unconventional formations. The present study reports on the relevant investigation done in this area of interest.The results suggest that associated water chemistry has limited effect on the viscosity of cross-linked formulations. However, guar gum concentration was found to affect the breaking behaviors of cross-linked fracturing fluid formulations. The new type of commercially available biodegradable breaker was found to be effective in breaking the tested cross-linked formulations at elevated temperature which was as high as 85°C (185°F). Both crosslinking and breaking behaviors of fracturing fluid formulations evaluated in this study were found comparable to the behaviors of commonly used cross-linked formulation (guar gum + 2% potassium chloride). These results suggest that both the associated water (i.e. water resulting from regional conventional oil production activites) and sea water (offshore oil fields) could serve as alternative sources of base fluid for use in fracturing jobs without putting significant burden on precious regional fresh water resources.

scholarly journals CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF WHOLE GRAINS IN COMMON BEANS LANDRACES AND BREEDING GENOTYPES

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gilberto Antonio Peripolli Bevilaqua ◽  
Iraja Ferreira Antunes
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Composition ◽  
Whole Grain ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Manganese Zinc ◽  
Nutritional Characteristics ◽  
Calcium Magnesium ◽  
The Common ◽  
Iron Manganese ◽  
Insoluble Fiber

The common bean has been object of breeding programs aiming the development of new cultivars adapted to varied production system and shown differentiated nutritional characteristics. Due a genetic diversity existent the landraces can be used directly for cropping, for present characteristics desirable. Little information exists about mineral content and other quality traits for those bean landraces. The aim of this paper was to verify the variability for grain nutricional caracters in breeding cultivars and landraces of bean from Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil. The experiment was conducted in 2009/2010 in Experimental Station Cascata, of Embrapa Temperate Agriculture. In whole grain of 54 bean genotypes with black and no black coat were determined macroelements (nitrogen, phosphorus, potash, calcium, magnesium and sulfur), oligoelements (iron, manganese, zinc and cuprum), protein and ash content, insoluble fiber, digestive nutrient and antioxidant astragalina. The results shown that the landraces varieties presents nutritional composition of macro and oligoelements, fibers, protein and ash contents in whole grain similar than that of breeding lines and cultivars. The black coat grain from breeding programs showed better nutritional quality for macro and oligoelements content than coloured grain, highlighting TB 02-04 e TB 01-01. The landraces with coloured grains TB 02-26, TB 02-24 and TB 03-13 showed the high levels of astragaline.

scholarly journals Genetic influence of the dam isolations in the Kamo and Nakayama River systems on the common fresh water goby populations Rhinogobius spp.

2012 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Motohiro TAKAGI ◽  
Ippei SEKIYA ◽  
Ryohei SHIBAKAWA ◽  
Takaaki SHIMIZU ◽  
Ryota KAWANISHI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fresh Water ◽  
Genetic Influence ◽  
River Systems ◽  
The Common

Effect of low ambient mineral concentrations on the accumulation of calcium, magnesium and phosphorus by early life stages of the air-breathing armoured catfish Megalechis personata (Siluriformes: Callichthyidae)

1999 ◽  
Vol 202 (15) ◽  
pp. 2121-2129 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.H. Mol ◽  
W. Atsma ◽  
G. Flik ◽  
H. Bouwmeester ◽  
J.W. Osse
Keyword(s):  
Fresh Water ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Mineral Content ◽  
Life Stages ◽  
Early Life Stages ◽  
Calcium Magnesium ◽  
Calcium And Magnesium ◽  
Calcium And Phosphorus ◽  
Armoured Catfish ◽  
Mineral Accumulation

The accumulation of calcium, magnesium and phosphorus was measured during an 8-week period in the early life stages of the air-breathing armoured catfish Megalechis personata acclimated to low-mineral fresh water (0.073 mmol l-1 calcium, 0.015 mmol l-1 magnesium, &lt;0.001 mmol l-1 phosphate) and high-mineral fresh water (0.59 mmol l-1 calcium, 1.94 mmol l-1 magnesium, &lt;0.001 mmol l-1 phosphate). The fish accumulated calcium twice as fast and phosphorus 1.5 times as fast in low-mineral fresh water (LMF) as in high-mineral fresh water (HMF), while the rate of accumulation of magnesium did not differ in LMF and HMF. The difference in the rates of accumulation of calcium and phosphorus between LMF and HMF was independent of the growth performance (food intake) in LMF and HMF. The mineral content of young M. personata from natural swamps and rainforest creeks in Suriname followed the LMF accumulation curves. The transition from aquatic respiration to bimodal respiration in the third week after hatching did not affect rates of mineral accumulation. The high rates of accumulation of calcium and magnesium of M. personata in LMF of 654 and 58 micromol h-1 kg-1, respectively, exceed the rates of uptake of calcium and magnesium of teleosts reported in the literature. The high rates of mineral accumulation in the early life stages of M. personata reflect the exponential growth during the first 8 weeks after hatching and the requirements of the juveniles while building their dermal armour. M. personata is well-adapted to neotropical fresh waters with an extremely low mineral content. The accumulation of calcium and phosphorus is discussed in relation to the function of the bony armour of M. personata.

scholarly journals Plant Taxonomic Diversity Better Explains Soil Fungal and Bacterial Diversity than Functional Diversity in Restored Forest Ecosystems

Plants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 479 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanif ◽  
Guo ◽  
Moniruzzaman ◽  
He ◽  
Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Microbial Diversity ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Bacterial Diversity ◽  
Functional Diversity ◽  
Forest Ecosystems ◽  
Taxonomic Diversity ◽  
Soil Microbial Diversity ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Bacterial Richness

Plant attributes have direct and indirect effects on soil microbes via plant inputs and plant-mediated soil changes. However, whether plant taxonomic and functional diversities can explain the soil microbial diversity of restored forest ecosystems remains elusive. Here, we tested the linkage between plant attributes and soil microbial communities in four restored forests (Acacia species, Eucalyptus species, mixed coniferous species, mixed native species). The trait-based approaches were applied for plant properties and high-throughput Illumina sequencing was applied for fungal and bacterial diversity. The total number of soil microbial operational taxonomic units (OTUs) varied among the four forests. The highest richness of fungal OTUs was found in the Acacia forest. However, bacterial OTUs were highest in the Eucalyptus forest. Species richness was positively and significantly related to fungal and bacterial richness. Plant taxonomic diversity (species richness and species diversity) explained more of the soil microbial diversity than the functional diversity and soil properties. Prediction of fungal richness was better than that of bacterial richness. In addition, root traits explained more variation than the leaf traits. Overall, plant taxonomic diversity played a more important role than plant functional diversity and soil properties in shaping the soil microbial diversity of the four forests.

IX. On the life-history of spirillum

1878 ◽  
Vol 27 (185-189) ◽  
pp. 481-485
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Fresh Water ◽  
Physiological Laboratory ◽  
University College ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Common

Notwithstanding the numerous and fruitful researches which have been recently made into the life-history of Bacteria, our knowledge of the common and interesting curved and spiral forms— the Vibrio and Spirillum of Ehrenberg—has made little or no advance since his time, neither embryonic nor reproductive forms having ever been observed; while even the zooglœa phase, so characteristic of Bacterium and Bacillus, has only once been mentioned, and then in a different form. A fresh-water aquarium, which has been stagnating since last summer in the Physiological Laboratory of University College, con­tained in winter vast numbers of ordinary motile Spirillum. On recently re-examining the water, one zooglœa film after another having in the meantime formed on the surface, thickened, broken, and sunk, we found that these motile forms had almost disappeared, while the films consisted almost entirely of resting Spirillum in a gelatinous-looking matrix, similar to that of Bacterium and Bacillus . Among these were two or three apparently distinct kinds of filaments, some resting and colourless, others motile, and filled with highly refracting bright yellowish-brown spheres. Such a field is represented in fig. 1.

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