scholarly journals William Shakespeare and Slovene dramatists (II) : J. Jurčič, F. Levstik, I. Cankar, O. Župančič, B. Kreft : (the makers of myths)

2010 ◽  
Vol 43 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 3-48
Author(s):  
Mirko Jurak
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
William Shakespeare ◽  
Subject Matter ◽  
Dramatic Literature ◽  
Romantic Period ◽  
National Theatre ◽  
Epic Poem ◽  
Slovene Language ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Insight Into

purpose of this study is to explore the influence of William Shakespeare on Slovene playwrights in the period between 1876, which marks the appearance of Jurčič - Levstik's Tugomer, and the 1930s, when Oton Župančič published his tragedy Veronika Deseniška (Veronika of Desenice, 1924) and, a few years later, Bratko Kreft his history, Celjski grofje (The Counts of Celje, 1932). Together with Cankar's works all of the plays discussed in this study deal with one of the well-known Slovene myths. In the previous number of Acta Neophilologica I published my study on the first Slovene tragedy Miss Jenny Love, which was published in Augsburg in 1780.1 The Romantic period, which followed this publication, was in Slovenia and elsewhere in Europe mainly characterized by the appearance of poetry, with a few exceptions of plays which were primarily intended for reading and not for the stage (Closet Drama). Let me mention here that in the Romantic period some of the finest Slovene poetry was written by France Prešeren (1800-1849), and although some of his friends suggested he should also attempt to write a play, his closest achievement to drama was his epic poem Krst pri Savici (Baptism at the Savica River, 1836), which is also often considered by literary historians as a predecessor of later Slovene dramatic literature. Although many Slovene authors who wrote their works in the nineteenth century knew Shakespeare's plays, they still found it easier to express themselves in prose. The first Slovene novel is Josip Jurčič's Deseti brat (The Tenth Brother), which was published in 1866, ten years earlier than his play Tugomer (Tugomer). However,Jurčičʹs tragedy Tugomer was artistically very much improved by the adaptation made by Fran Levstik, whose text has been since considered as the ʺtrueʺ version of this play. Further editions and adaptations of this play definitely prove that several Slovene authors have found the subject-matter of this play worthy of new interpretations. By the end of the nineteenth century the list of Slovene translators of Shakespeareʹs plays (most of them chose only some acts or scenes) was quite long. But it was only in 1899, when Ivan Cankarʹs translation of Hamlet appeared on stage of the Slovene National Theatre in Ljubljana, that a real master of the Slovene language approached one of Shakespeare's plays. Cankar became enthusiastic about Shakespeare's work and this is best seen also in Shakespeare's influence on three plays written by Cankar: Kralj na Betajnovi (The King of Betajnova, 1901), Pohujšanje v dolini Šentflorjanski (Scandal in the Valley of Saint Florian, 1907) and Lepa Vida (Beautiful Vida, 1911). The same kind of "enchantment" caught Oton Župančič, a Slovene poet, translator and dramatist, who had translated by 1924, when his Veronika Deseniška (Veronika of Desenice) appeared, several plays written by Shakespeare. A large number of echoes of Shakespeare's plays can be found in Župančič's play, not to mention the Bard's influence on Župančič's verse and style. Such influence can also be traced in Kreft's play. Many Slovene literary historians and critics mention in their studies Shakespeare's influence on Slovene dramatists but their reports are mainly seminal and rather generalizing. Therefore the purpose of this study is to provide a deeper analytical insight into this topic.

العربية المقاربة المقاصديّة في ردّ ابن فودي على القادح في جلستهم الدعويّة

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alawiye Abdulmumin Abdurrazzaq ◽  
Ahmad Wifaq Mokhtar ◽  
Abdul Manan Ismail
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
West Africa ◽  
Subject Matter ◽  
Analytical Methods ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
The Subject

This article is aimed to examine the extent of the application of Islamic legal objectives by Sheikh Abdullah bn Fudi in his rejoinder against one of their contemporary scholars who accused them of being over-liberal about the religion. He claimed that there has been a careless intermingling of men and women in the preaching and counselling gathering they used to hold, under the leadership of Sheikh Uthman bn Fudi (the Islamic reformer of the nineteenth century in Nigeria and West Africa). Thus, in this study, the researchers seek to answer the following interrogations: who was Abdullah bn Fudi? who was their critic? what was the subject matter of the criticism? How did the rebutter get equipped with some guidelines of higher objectives of Sharĩʻah in his rejoinder to the critic? To this end, this study had tackled the questions afore-stated by using inductive, descriptive and analytical methods to identify the personalities involved, define and analyze some concepts and matters considered as the hub of the study.

Perpindahan dan Perubahan : Transportasi dalam Struktur Naratif Riwayat Perjalanan ke Amerika di Era Viktorian

Metahumaniora ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Ari J. Adipurwawijdana
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Subject Matter ◽  
Henry James ◽  
World View ◽  
Democratic Society ◽  
Transportation Infrastructure ◽  
Material Base ◽  
Travel Narrative ◽  
Infrastructure System ◽  
The Subject

ABSTRAKRiwayat yang disajikan penulis Britania era Viktorian tentang perjalannnya ke Amerikamengasumsikan adanya sebuah jaringan prasarana transportasi. Sistem transportasiterkait dengan riwayat perjalanan (travel narrative) dalam tiga hal, yaitu (1) sebagaibasis material bagi perjalanan, (2) sebagai substruktur riwayat, dan (3) sebagai pokokpembicaraan dalam riwayat itu sendiri. Buku Domestic Manners of the Americans (1832)merupakan model bagi cara infrastruktur transportasi menentukan aspek naratologis,yaitu urutan dan perspektif dalam struktur naratif riwayat perjalanan. Karya tersebut jugamenyajikan transportasi sebagai pokok pembicaraan dalam teksnya itu sendiri walaupun tidaksejauh sebagaimana yang tampak pada The Amateur Emigrant (1895) karya Robert LouisStevenson. Dalam hal ini, The American Scene (1907) karya Henry James juga relevankarena, walaupun tidak secara gamblang membicarakan transportasi sebagai topik dantidak pula menampakkan ciri-ciri riwayat perjalanan, karya tersebut merepresentasicara wawasan Britania-Amerika trans-Atlantik dianggap sebagai sesuatu yang lumrah.Wawasan ini juga memandang menganggap perjalanan trans-Atlantik sebagai semacamperjalanan menembus waktu, yang menunjukkan ketidaknyaman para penulis Britaniaabad kesembilanbelas terhadap transformasi sosial ke masyrakat demokratis yangdirepresentasi secara metaforis oleh pemahaman mereka tentang Amerika.Kata kunci: catatan perjalanan Viktorian, transportasi, wisataABSTRACTNarratives presented by Victorian British writers about their travels to America assume theavailability of a transprtation infrastructure system. Such a system is related to the travelnarrative in three things, namely, (1) as a material base for travel, (2) as a narrative substructurehistory, and (3) as the subject-matter of the narratives. Fanny Trollope’s Domestic Mannerof the Americans (1832) is a model for the way transportation infrastructure determinesnarratological aspects, namely order and perspective in the structure of the travel narrative.The piece also presents transportation as a subject-matter in its text although it does notgo so far as do Robert Louis Stevenson’s The Amateur Emigrant (1895). In discussingtransportation Henry James’ The American Scene is also relevant because, despite it’s notexplicitly speaking of transportation as a topic nor does it show the convential characteristicsof the travel narrative, the work represents a British-American trans-Atlantic world viewas a given. This world view also considers trans-Atlantic travels as a kind of voyage acrosstime, implying the discomfort of nineteenth-century British writers concerning the socialtransition into a democratic society represented by America as a metaphor.Keywords: Victorian travel narrative, transportation, tourism

scholarly journals A Methodology for Providing Individualised Computer-generated Feedback to Students

2007 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 74
Author(s):  
Michael Lambiris
Keyword(s):  
Subject Matter ◽  
Specific Test ◽  
Constructive Feedback ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Student’S Performance ◽  
Computer Based ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Insight Into

The traditional way of providing feedback to students after tests or assignments is labour-intensive. This paper explains the concepts and techniques used by the author to build computer-based applications that analyse students’ answers and generate individualised, detailed and constructive feedback. The paper explains how the data gathered from a student’s answers can be combined with other knowledge about the subject matter being taught, and the specific test questions, to create computerised routines that evaluate the individual student’s performance. This information can be presented in ways that help students to assess their progress, both in relation to their acquired knowledge in specified areas of study, and with regard to their ability to exercise relevant skills. In this way, appropriate feedback can be provided to large numbers of students quickly and efficiently. The same techniques can be used to provide information to the instructor about the performance of the group as a whole, with a degree of detail and accuracy that exceeds the impressions usually gained through traditional marking. The paper also explains the role of the subject instructor in designing and creating feedback-generating applications. The methodologies described provide insight into the details of the process and are a useful basis for further experimentation and development.

scholarly journals Prasa w rękach kobiet – działalność pierwszych polskich redaktorek. Rekonesans badawczy

2021 ◽  
pp. 116-140
Author(s):  
Mikołaj Głos ◽  
◽  
Kinga Matuszko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Subject Matter ◽  
Political Issues ◽  
Women's Participation ◽  
The Press ◽  
The Subject

The purpose of this article is to characterize the press activities of women in the nineteenth century. Although active women's participation in work was rare at the time, several figures can be identified that struggled with firmly rooted stereotypes regarding their gender and gradually tried to enter the publishing field. These include Wanda Malecka and Julia Goczałkowska, whose activities and, to some extent, their work, were discussed. Thanks to this view on the emerging position of women in the journalistic world, it can be seen that women not only dealt with writing journalistic texts, but also took the position of editors of contemporary periodicals. In addition, the subject matter is also very easy to define – ladies are definitely a union of speaking on political issues, and they turn to commenting on the sphere related to customs, fashion or literature.

scholarly journals Kesiapan Siswa dalam MenyelesaikanTugas Sekolah

Konselor ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 130
Author(s):  
Ninil Endriani ◽  
Yarmis Syukur
Keyword(s):  
Subject Matter ◽  
Source Material ◽  
Homework Assignment ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Insight Into

School task in the form of school homework assignment (PR) is intended to provide insight into the subject matter to students who must the finishing. The fact is there are still students who didn't make the task because not understand the task, do not have book sources, there are students who cheat task friend and late to collect it. This phenomena indicate is readiness of students completing school task still less . The purpose of this research described readiness in school student finished the taskseen from: (1) understanding students with task (2) preparation of source material/task (3) completion of Task (4) collect the task. The results showed that students have the readiness in completing the task of schools, however there are still some students don't have the readiness.

Spreading the standard:The nineteenth-century standardization of Icelandic and the first Icelandic novel

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-176
Author(s):  
Haraldur Bernharðsson
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Subject Matter ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Love Story ◽  
Institutional Infrastructure ◽  
Language And Literature ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Literary Innovation ◽  
Linguistic Models

AbstractA literary standard for Icelandic was created in the nineteenth century. The main architects of this standard were scholars of Old Norse-Icelandic language and literature who turned to the language of the medieval Icelandic literature for linguistic models. Consequently, the resulting standard included a number of features from earlier stages of the language. This standard was successfully implemented despite the relatively weak institutional infrastructure in nineteenth-century Iceland. It is argued in this paper that the first Icelandic novel, Piltur og stúlka, appearing in 1850 and again in a revised edition in 1867, played an important role in spreading the standard. The novel championed the main ideological tenets of the prevailing language policy, and at the same time it was a showcase for the new standard. A rural love story set in contemporary Iceland, the novel was a welcome literary innovation. Most importantly, the subject matter appealed to children and adolescents in their formative years, and the novel thus became a powerful and persuasive vehicle for the new linguistic standard.

Medieval American Literature: Antebellum Narratives and the “Map of the Infinite”

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Giles
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
William Shakespeare ◽  
American Literature ◽  
Nathaniel Hawthorne ◽  
American Culture ◽  
Ben Jonson ◽  
American Renaissance ◽  
Native Soil ◽  
The Subject

This chapter examines how the notion of medieval American literature not only makes a paradoxical kind of sense but might be seen as integral to the construction of the subject more generally. It argues that antebellum narratives situate native soil on a highly charged and fraught boundary between past and present, circumference and displacement. In itself, the idea of medieval American literature is hardly more peculiar than F. O. Matthiessen's conception of an “American Renaissance.” Matthiessen sought to justify his subject by aligning nineteenth-century American writers such as Ralph Waldo Emerson and Nathaniel Hawthorne with seventeenth-century English forerunners such as William Shakespeare and Ben Jonson. The chapter considers resonances of medievalism within nineteenth-century American culture and how many antebellum writers consciously foreground within their texts the shifting, permeable boundaries of time and space, suggesting how fiction and cartography, the writing of history and the writing of geography, are commensurate with each other.

Episcopal Visitation of Cathedrals in the Church of England

2006 ◽  
Vol 8 (38) ◽  
pp. 266-288
Author(s):  
Philip Barrett
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Subject Matter ◽  
Canon Law ◽  
Church Of England ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The University ◽  
The Church ◽  
Point Of Reference

In December 1994 the Revd Philip LS Barrett BD MA FRHistS FSA, Rector of Compton and Otterbourne in the Diocese of Winchester, successfully submitted a dissertation to the University of Wales College of Cardiff for the degree of LLM in Canon Law, entitled ‘Episcopal Visitation of Cathedrals in the Church of England’. Philip Barrett, best known for his magisterial study, Barchester: English Cathedral Life in the Nineteenth Century (SPCK1993), died in 1998. The subject matter of this dissertation is of enduring importance and interest to those engaged in the life and work of cathedrals, and the Editor invited Canon Peter Atkinson, Chancellor of Chichester Cathedral, to repare it for publication in this Journal, so that the author's work might receive a wider circulation, but at a manageable length. In 1999 a new Cathedrals Measure was enacted, following upon the recommendations of the Howe Commission, published in the report Heritage and Renewal (Church House Publishing 1994). The author was able to refer to the report, but not to the Measure, or to the revision of each set of cathedral Statutes consequent upon that Measure. While this limits the usefulness of the author's work as a point of reference for the present law of cathedral visitations, its value as an historical introduction remains.

The Nude in Eighteenth- and Nineteenth-Century Russian Sculpture

Experiment ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret Samu
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Subject Matter ◽  
Change Over Time ◽  
Peter The Great ◽  
Socialist Realist ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Eighteenth And Nineteenth Centuries ◽  
Over Time

Abstract This article analyzes Russian attitudes toward nudity in art in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, from the importation of Italian nudes by Peter the Great to the continued study of the nude model by Socialist Realist artists. Questions addressed include the reception of nude sculpture in Russia and its change over time; the role of life models; and the subject matter sculptors chose.

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