scholarly journals First isotope analysis and new radiocarbon dating of Trypillia (Tripolye) farmers from Verteba Cave, Bilche Zolote, Ukraine

10.4312/dp.18 ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 306
Author(s):  
Malcolm C. Lillie ◽  
Chelsea E. Budd ◽  
Inna D. Potekhina ◽  
Douglas Price ◽  
Mykhailo Sokhatsky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Isotope Analysis ◽  
C4 Plant ◽  
Hunting And Gathering ◽  
Animal Remains ◽  
Western Ukraine ◽  
Absolute Dating ◽  
Scythian Period ◽  
C 50 ◽  
Culture Sequence ◽  
Isotope Analyses

This paper presents an analysis of human and animal remains from Verteba cave, near Bilche Zolote, western Ukraine. This study was prompted by a paucity of direct dates on this material and the need to contextualise these remains in relation both to the transition from hunting and gathering to farming in Ukraine, and their specific place within the Cucuteni-Trypillia culture sequence. The new absolute dating places the remains studied here in Trypillia stages BII/CI at c. 3900–3500 cal BC, with one individual now redated to the Early Scythian period. As such, these finds are even more exceptional than previously assumed, being some of the earliest discovered for this culture. The isotope analyses indicate that these individuals are local to the region, with the dietary stable isotopes indicating a C3 terrestrial diet for the Trypillia-period humans analysed. The Scythian period individual has δ13C ratios indicative of either c. 50% marine, or alternatively C4 plant inputs into the diet, despite δ18O and 87Sr/86Sr ratios that are comparable to the other individuals studied.

scholarly journals First isotope analysis and new radiocarbon dating of Trypillia (Tripolye) farmers from Verteba Cave, Bilche Zolote, Ukraine

2018 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 306-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malcolm C. Lillie ◽  
Chelsea E. Budd ◽  
Inna D. Potekhina ◽  
Douglas Price ◽  
Mykhailo Sokhatsky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Isotope Analysis ◽  
C4 Plant ◽  
Hunting And Gathering ◽  
Animal Remains ◽  
Western Ukraine ◽  
Absolute Dating ◽  
Scythian Period ◽  
C 50 ◽  
Culture Sequence ◽  
Isotope Analyses

This paper presents an analysis of human and animal remains from Verteba cave, near Bilche Zolote, western Ukraine. This study was prompted by a paucity of direct dates on this material and the need to contextualise these remains in relation both to the transition from hunting and gathering to farming in Ukraine, and their specific place within the Cucuteni-Trypillia culture sequence. The new absolute dating places the remains studied here in Trypillia stages BII/CI at c. 3900–3500 cal BC, with one individual now redated to the Early Scythian period. As such, these finds are even more exceptional than previously assumed, being some of the earliest discovered for this culture. The isotope analyses indicate that these individuals are local to the region, with the dietary stable isotopes indicating a C3 terrestrial diet for the Trypillia-period humans analysed. The Scythian period individual has δ13C ratios indicative of either c. 50% marine, or alternatively C4 plant inputs into the diet, despite δ18O and 87Sr/86Sr ratios that are comparable to the other individuals studied.

scholarly journals Reconstructing Herbivore Diets: A Multivariate Statistical Approach To Interpreting Compound-Specific Isotope Values

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mickey Hong Yi Chen ◽  
Iain P. Kendall ◽  
Richard P. Evershed ◽  
Amy Bogaard ◽  
Amy K. Styring
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Isotope Analysis ◽  
Statistical Treatment ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Nitrogen Isotope ◽  
Multivariate Statistical ◽  
Sharp Separation ◽  
Statistical Framework ◽  
Multivariate Statistical Approach ◽  
Isotope Analyses

Abstract Stable nitrogen (N) isotope analysis of bulk tissues is a technique for reconstructing the diets of organisms. However, bulk nitrogen isotope (δ15N) values can be influenced by a variety of metabolic and environmental factors that can confound accurate dietary reconstruction. Compound-specific isotope analyses of amino acids (CSIA-AA) have demonstrated the power of the approach in understanding how the δ15N values of bulk collagen are assembled from the constituent AAs. Furthermore, by connecting these AA δ15N values within a robust biochemical framework interpretation of diet and environment are greatly enhanced. Several new proxies have emerged, built around selected AAs; however, the interconnectedness of AA biosynthetic pathways means that patterning of δ15N values across a wider suite of collagen AAs will occur under different environmental or dietary influences. This work seeks to test this idea by situating CSIA-AA within a robust statistical framework using principal component analysis (PCA) and Bayesian statistics to increase the interpretability of a wider range of AA δ15N values in terms of reconstructing herbivore diet. The model was tested using wild and domestic herbivores from the Neolithic settlements of Çatalhöyük (Turkey), Makriyalos (Greece), and Vaihingen (Germany) as case studies. It was found that at Makriyalos there was a sharp separation between domesticated and wild herbivores, which was present to a lesser extent at Çatalhöyük and not observed at Vaihingen. The case studies presented in this work demonstrate that multivariate statistical treatment of CSIA-AA data can deliver new insights into herbivore diet, exceeding those achievable with the Bayesian model.

scholarly journals Isotopic and microbotanical insights into Iron Age agricultural reliance in the Central African rainforest

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Madeleine Bleasdale ◽  
Hans-Peter Wotzka ◽  
Barbara Eichhorn ◽  
Julio Mercader ◽  
Amy Styring ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Iron Age ◽  
Pennisetum Glaucum ◽  
Isotope Analysis ◽  
Central Africa ◽  
Congo Basin ◽  
Early Iron Age ◽  
Dental Calculus ◽  
Subsistence Strategies ◽  
Animal Remains ◽  
Environmental Requirements

Abstract The emergence of agriculture in Central Africa has previously been associated with the migration of Bantu-speaking populations during an anthropogenic or climate-driven ‘opening’ of the rainforest. However, such models are based on assumptions of environmental requirements of key crops (e.g. Pennisetum glaucum) and direct insights into human dietary reliance remain absent. Here, we utilise stable isotope analysis (δ13C, δ15N, δ18O) of human and animal remains and charred food remains, as well as plant microparticles from dental calculus, to assess the importance of incoming crops in the Congo Basin. Our data, spanning the early Iron Age to recent history, reveals variation in the adoption of cereals, with a persistent focus on forest and freshwater resources in some areas. These data provide new dietary evidence and document the longevity of mosaic subsistence strategies in the region.

Lead Isotope Analysis for Provenance Studies in the Aegean Region: A Re-Evaluation

1988 ◽  
Vol 123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chandra L. Reedy ◽  
Terry J. Reedy
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Lead Isotope ◽  
Isotope Analysis ◽  
Aegean Region ◽  
Lead Isotope Analysis ◽  
Provenance Studies ◽  
Isotope Analyses

For more than a decade lead isotope analyses have been used in attempts to identify ore sources for silver and lead artifacts from the Aegean region. These regional provenance studies have been used to formulate statements on archaeological issues in the Aegean. Methods of data analysis and presentation used to interpret lead isotope analyses have been borrowed directly from the field of geology, where this technique was developed and originally applied. However, the goals of geologists and those of archaeologists are not the same.

Pretreatment of Fithian illite for oxygen isotope analysis

Clay Minerals ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 149-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. C. Hogg ◽  
M. J. Pearson ◽  
A. E. Fallick
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Oxygen Isotope ◽  
Clay Minerals ◽  
Isotope Analysis ◽  
Adsorbed Water ◽  
Oil Reservoirs ◽  
Hydrocarbon Contamination ◽  
Fine Grain ◽  
Isotope Systematics ◽  
Isotope Analyses

Oxygen isotope analysis of clay minerals presents several practical difficulties. These include their very fine grain size, the presence of both hydroxyl and non-hydroxyl oxygen, adsorbed water and, where clays from oil reservoirs are concerned, the possibility of hydrocarbon contamination. To develop routines which would minimize these problems while leaving the isotope systematics of the clay undisturbed, a series of oxygen isotope analyses were made under different running conditions of the API Standard Illite–the Fithian illite.

Early herding at Măgura-Boldul lui Moş Ivănuş (early sixth millennium BC, Romania): environments and seasonality from stable isotope analysis

2013 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 221-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie Balasse ◽  
Adrian Bălăşescu ◽  
Anneke Janzen ◽  
Joël Ughetto-Monfrin ◽  
Pavel Mirea ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stable Isotope ◽  
Sequential Analysis ◽  
Tooth Enamel ◽  
Isotope Analysis ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Bone Collagen ◽  
Late Winter ◽  
Faunal Remains ◽  
Agricultural Communities ◽  
Isotope Analyses

Stable isotope analyses were conducted on faunal remains from the site of Măgura-Boldul lui Moş Ivănuş with the objective of characterizing the environments and seasonality of husbandry in the earliest Neolithic (Gura Baciului-Cârcea/Starčevo-Criş I) of southern Romania. Results from bone collagen analysis indicate extensive herding strategies for cattle and pigs. However, sequential analysis in tooth enamel also provides evidence for winter leaf foddering in one bovine, potentially kept by the settlement over winter. In some instances, sheep were fed a13C-enriched resource in late winter, which may have also coincided with lactation. It could not be determined whether this contribution was from C3or C4plants. Although isolated, these findings may be important in evaluating how early agricultural communities dealt with environmental constraints. These results are also interpreted with reference to the models of intensive mixed farming systems recently proposed by Bogaard (2004) and Halstead (2006).

scholarly journals Adaptive radiation of barbs of the genus Labeobarbus (Cyprinidae) in the East African river

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.A. Levin ◽  
M. Casal-López ◽  
E. Simonov ◽  
Yu.Yu. Dgebuadze ◽  
N.S. Mugue ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stable Isotope ◽  
Adaptive Radiation ◽  
Isotope Analysis ◽  
Sympatric Speciation ◽  
Foraging Strategies ◽  
Geographic Isolation ◽  
East African ◽  
Sympatric Forms ◽  
Isotope Analyses ◽  
Mtdna Markers

AbstractLarge African barbs of the genus Labeobarbus are widely distributed in African freshwaters, and exhibit profound phenotypic plasticity that could be a prerequisite for adaptive radiation. Using morphological, molecular, and stable isotope analyses, we investigated whether an adaptive radiation has occurred in a riverine assemblage of the L. gananensis complex. This complex is composed of six phenotypically distinct sympatric forms inhabiting the Genale River (Ethiopian highlands, East Africa). Of the six forms, five were divergent in their mouth morphology, corresponding to ‘generalized’, ‘lipped’, ‘scraping’ (two forms) and ‘large-mouthed’ phenotypes. Stable isotope analysis revealed differences in 15N and 13C among these forms, representing different foraging strategies (omnivorous, scraping and piscivorous). Phylogenetic analysis of two mtDNA markers confirmed the monophyly of L. gananensis, suggesting an intra-riverine radiation. However, the Genale assemblage appears to have originated through a combination of allopatric and sympatric events. Some of the specialized forms within this drainage originated independently from the local generalized forms in three different river regions within local ‘mini-flocks’ composed of two to three sympatric forms. Our study shows that adaptive radiation in rivers can be enhanced by a combination of sympatric speciation and temporal geographic isolation, leading to local sympatric speciation followed by migration.

scholarly journals Roman lead ingots from Macedonia—the Augustan shipwreck of Comacchio (prov. Ferrara, Italy) and the reinterpretation of its lead ingots’ provenance deduced from lead isotope analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Bode ◽  
Norbert Hanel ◽  
Peter Rothenhöfer
Keyword(s):  
Lead Isotope ◽  
Isotope Analysis ◽  
Ore Deposits ◽  
Technical Equipment ◽  
Aegean Region ◽  
Lead Isotope Analysis ◽  
Lead Metal ◽  
Balkan Region ◽  
New Interpretation ◽  
Isotope Analyses

AbstractA shipwreck of the 3rd/2nd decade BC found near Comacchio (prov. Ferrara, Italy) in 1980 contained not only well-preserved technical equipment and commercial goods but also 102 Roman lead ingots. Since then, the origin of the ingots has been intensively discussed. Domergue et al. (2012) connected the epigraphic elements with lead isotope analyses and favored the southeastern Spanish lead ore mines being the source of the lead metal. An origin from the Balkan region (Illyricum) was favored by Dušanić (2008). Due to our investigations, both assumptions cannot be maintained. We present a new interpretation of the lead’s isotope signature which best match data of ore deposits from Chalkidiki, Thasos island, and Pangaion mountains in the northern Aegean region.

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