scholarly journals The Epipalaeolithic-Neolithic as the pivotal transformation of human history

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 14-29
Author(s):  
Trevor Watkins
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Evolution ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
New World ◽  
Feedback Loops ◽  
Cumulative Culture ◽  
Cultural Innovation ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social And Economic Development

The objective of this paper is to set the Epipalaeolithic-Neolithic transformation (ENT) within the truly long-term of human evolutionary history. The Epipalaeolithic-Neolithic transformation take us out of the world of Palaeolithic mobile foraging into a new world, in which the scale and organisation of the social group and the tempo of socio-cultural evolution were transformed. The scale and diversity of cultural innovation and social organization can be seen to be linked in co-evolutionary feedback loops that have been characterised as ‘cumulative culture’, ‘ratcheting’ effects, or ‘runaway’ cultural evolution. The up-scaling of communities and the intensification of their interaction and networking enabled the emergence of super-communities that became the first large-scale societies, an inflection point on an accelerating curve of complex cultural, social and economic development, en route to emergent socio-political hierarchies, urbanism, kingdoms and empires.

scholarly journals The Epipalaeolithic-Neolithic as the pivotal transformation of human history

2019 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 14-29
Author(s):  
Trevor Watkins
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Evolution ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
New World ◽  
Feedback Loops ◽  
Cumulative Culture ◽  
Cultural Innovation ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social And Economic Development

The objective of this paper is to set the Epipalaeolithic-Neolithic transformation (ENT) within the truly long-term of human evolutionary history. The Epipalaeolithic-Neolithic transformation take us out of the world of Palaeolithic mobile foraging into a new world, in which the scale and organisation of the social group and the tempo of socio-cultural evolution were transformed. The scale and diversity of cultural innovation and social organization can be seen to be linked in co-evolutionary feedback loops that have been characterised as ‘cumulative culture’, ‘ratcheting’ effects, or ‘runaway’ cultural evolution. The up-scaling of communities and the intensification of their interaction and networking enabled the emergence of super-communities that became the first large-scale societies, an inflection point on an accelerating curve of complex cultural, social and economic development, en route to emergent socio-political hierarchies, urbanism, kingdoms and empires.

Approaches to Supporting Local and Community Development

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liesel Mack Filgueiras ◽  
Andreia Rabetim ◽  
Isabel Aché Pillar
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Mining Company ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Social Partnership ◽  
The Public ◽  
Mining Investment ◽  
The Social ◽  
Corporate Social

Reflection about the role of community engagement and corporate social investment in Brazil, associated with the presence of a large economic enterprise, is the major stimulus of this chapter. It seeks to present how cross-sector governance can contribute to the social development of a city and how this process can be led by a partnership comprising a corporate foundation, government, and civil society. The concept of the public–private social partnership (PPSP) is explored: a strategy for building a series of inter-sectoral alliances aimed at promoting the sustainable development of territories where the company has large-scale enterprises, through joint efforts towards integrated long-term strategic planning, around a common agenda. To this end, the case of Canaã dos Carajás is introduced, a municipality in the State of Pará, in the Amazon region, where large-scale mining investment is being carried out by the mining company Vale SA.

scholarly journals Collective Emotions and Social Resilience in the Digital Traces After a Terrorist Attack

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 617-628 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Garcia ◽  
Bernard Rimé
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Terrorist Attack ◽  
Terrorist Attacks ◽  
Social Resilience ◽  
Collective Emotions ◽  
The Social ◽  
Collective Effervescence ◽  
Scale Test ◽  
Twitter Users

After collective traumas such as natural disasters and terrorist attacks, members of concerned communities experience intense emotions and talk profusely about them. Although these exchanges resemble simple emotional venting, Durkheim’s theory of collective effervescence postulates that these collective emotions lead to higher levels of solidarity in the affected community. We present the first large-scale test of this theory through the analysis of digital traces of 62,114 Twitter users after the Paris terrorist attacks of November 2015. We found a collective negative emotional response followed by a marked long-term increase in the use of lexical indicators related to solidarity. Expressions of social processes, prosocial behavior, and positive affect were higher in the months after the attacks for the individuals who participated to a higher degree in the collective emotion. Our findings support the conclusion that collective emotions after a disaster are associated with higher solidarity, revealing the social resilience of a community.

scholarly journals Deep time diversity and the early radiations of birds

2021 ◽  
Vol 118 (10) ◽  
pp. e2019865118
Author(s):  
Yilun Yu ◽  
Chi Zhang ◽  
Xing Xu
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Evolutionary Rate ◽  
Rapid Evolution ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Deep Time ◽  
The Third ◽  
Time Diversity ◽  
History Of

Reconstructing the history of biodiversity has been hindered by often-separate analyses of stem and crown groups of the clades in question that are not easily understood within the same unified evolutionary framework. Here, we investigate the evolutionary history of birds by analyzing three supertrees that combine published phylogenies of both stem and crown birds. Our analyses reveal three distinct large-scale increases in the diversification rate across bird evolutionary history. The first increase, which began between 160 and 170 Ma and reached its peak between 130 and 135 Ma, corresponds to an accelerated morphological evolutionary rate associated with the locomotory systems among early stem birds. This radiation resulted in morphospace occupation that is larger and different from their close dinosaurian relatives, demonstrating the occurrence of a radiation among early stem birds. The second increase, which started ∼90 Ma and reached its peak between 65 and 55 Ma, is associated with rapid evolution of the cranial skeleton among early crown birds, driven differently from the first radiation. The third increase, which occurred after ∼40 to 45 Ma, has yet to be supported by quantitative morphological data but gains some support from the fossil record. Our analyses indicate that the bird biodiversity evolution was influenced mainly by long-term climatic changes and also by major paleobiological events such as the Cretaceous–Paleogene (K–Pg) extinction.

Mobilizing the Social Power of Iconic and Performative Texts for Justice and Reform

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
James W. Watts
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Justice ◽  
Social Reform ◽  
Social Power ◽  
Medium Term ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Culturally Specific ◽  
Cultural Innovation ◽  
The Social ◽  
Current Events

In the ten years of its existence, SCRIPT has succeeded in promoting and publishing an increasing variety of scholarship on iconic and performative texts. Culturally specific studies have provided the basis for comparative theorizing about the phenomena. This body of scholarship has put us in a better position to analyze current events involving iconic books and performative texts. It can also enable us to make creative suggestions for strengthening movements for justice and social reform by ritualizing iconic and performative texts. Here, I provide three examples of how to employ SCRIPT research to strengthen contemporary movements for social and environmental justice: a short-term episodic intervention, a medium-term structural rectification, and a long-term cultural innovation.

System of Region Management: a Framework Concept

Servis plus ◽  
10.12737/3891 ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 40-45
Author(s):  
Лев Сульповар ◽  
Lev Sulpovar ◽  
Татьяна Богачева ◽  
Tatyana Bogacheva
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Investment Policy ◽  
Medium Term ◽  
Investment Activity ◽  
Implementation Planning ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social And Economic Development ◽  
Investment Process ◽  
Vital Element

The article covers the issues concerning the development of a framework concept for the system of management. The authors prove that the problem of socio-economic development of a region is to be considered from the perspective of a systemic approach principles and methods, viewing regions as an integral socio-economic system, whose subsystems include the state subsystem (with regions regarded as constituent entities of the federation), municipal formations, and a range of private and legal entities. The authors identify the major objectives of region management and consider ways of aligning the social and economic development of regions by overcoming the existing inter-regional disproportions. The framework concept, as proposed by the authors, is to recognize the economic development of a region, the development of the major constituents of the regional complex, and the region´s social development. Special attention is paid to the issues of implementing the investment policy and substantiating the staged of its implementation. Planning the investment activity, involving the rationale for long-term and medium-term goals of the investment process, as well as ways to achieve the goals, is seen as a vital element of investment policy.

scholarly journals Evolution in leaps: The punctuated accumulation and loss of cultural innovations

2015 ◽  
Vol 112 (49) ◽  
pp. E6762-E6769 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oren Kolodny ◽  
Nicole Creanza ◽  
Marcus W. Feldman
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Change ◽  
Cultural Change ◽  
Cultural Evolution ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Multiple Traits ◽  
Differential Distribution ◽  
Sudden Gains ◽  
Cultural Innovation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Increased Susceptibility

Archaeological accounts of cultural change reveal a fundamental conflict: Some suggest that change is gradual, accelerating over time, whereas others indicate that it is punctuated, with long periods of stasis interspersed by sudden gains or losses of multiple traits. Existing models of cultural evolution, inspired by models of genetic evolution, lend support to the former and do not generate trajectories that include large-scale punctuated change. We propose a simple model that can give rise to both exponential and punctuated patterns of gain and loss of cultural traits. In it, cultural innovation comprises several realistic interdependent processes that occur at different rates. The model also takes into account two properties intrinsic to cultural evolution: the differential distribution of traits among social groups and the impact of environmental change. In our model, a population may be subdivided into groups with different cultural repertoires leading to increased susceptibility to cultural loss, whereas environmental change may lead to rapid loss of traits that are not useful in a new environment. Taken together, our results suggest the usefulness of a concept of an effective cultural population size.

scholarly journals Collective Emotions and Social Resilience in the Digital Traces After a Terrorist Attack

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Garcia ◽  
Bernard Rime
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Terrorist Attack ◽  
Terrorist Attacks ◽  
Social Resilience ◽  
Collective Emotions ◽  
The Social ◽  
Collective Effervescence ◽  
Scale Test ◽  
Twitter Users

After collective traumas such as natural disasters and terrorist attacks, members of concerned communities experience intense emotions and talk profusely about them. Although these exchanges resemble simple emotional venting, Durkheim’s theory of collective effervescence postulates that these collective emotions lead to higher levels of solidarity in the affected community. We present the first large-scale test of this theory through the analysis of digital traces of 62,114 Twitter users after the Paris terrorist attacks of November 2015. We found a collective negative emotional response followed by a marked long-term increase in the use of lexical indicators related to solidarity. Expressions of social processes, prosocial behavior, and positive affect were higher in the months after the attacks for the individuals who participated to a higher degree in the collective emotion. Our findings support the conclusion that collective emotions after a disaster are associated with higher solidarity, revealing the social resilience of a community.

scholarly journals ISSUES OF MAINTENANCE OF NATIONAL AND CULTURAL IDENTITY AT THE STAGE OF DEVELOPMENT OF MODERN KAZAKHSTANI SOCIETY

Al-Farabi ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (72) ◽  
pp. 128-137
Author(s):  
Dinara Zhanabayeva ◽  
Gulzer Dauletova
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Identity ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Political Stability ◽  
Scientific Article ◽  
Cultural Economic ◽  
Cultural Traditions ◽  
Cultural Innovation ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
The Social ◽  
Political Boundaries

Since the last century, the formation and stabilization of national identity has been one of the main topics of theoretical and empirical research in the social sciences. The urgency of this issue has become even more relevant in the context of globalization, which violates the national cultural, economic and political boundaries. In this regard, the establishment of national and cultural identity in modern Kazakhstan society is one of the most important issues. The scientific article is devoted to the preservation of national and cultural identity at the stage of development of modern Kazakhstan society. In the process of development of independent Kazakhstan, economic, socio-political stability, religious tolerance, state security are important values for our society. For ethos, social groups, a large-scale issue for a person is cultural identity, because each subject of culture seeks to realize its potential in social and cultural interaction with subjects of other cultures. Here, each of them, along with cultural innovation, strives to preserve and further develop their cultural traditions and values. Therefore, this article provides a scientific and theoretical analysis of the formation and preservation of Kazakhstan’s identity in the development of the country, identifies and formulates the goals of these processes.

scholarly journals Social Institutions Transformation as a Factor of the Social and Economic Development of Modern Russia

2020 ◽  
pp. 50-61
Author(s):  
Elena Loginova ◽  
Natalia Loseva ◽  
Aleksandr Polkovnikov
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Public Administration ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Evolutionary Dynamics ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
Economic Systems ◽  
Russian Society ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social And Economic Development

The systemic determinacy of modern Russian society in time and space coordinates allows us to conclude that it is at the process stage of the life cycle of the large-scale social and economic systems functioning within the stage of the digital age that is characterized by the features of environmental systems. It means that the logic of the social and economic development of modern Russia is to ensure the harmonization of the performance and state of all economic systems through communication and coordination, as well as creating conditions for transactions. Following this logic, the article proves the possibility of considering it as a factor providing conditions for socio-economic development using the example of the transformation of the public administration institution. The article defines the subject-object and structural content of the public administration institution. By using the matrix approach, the authors characterize the evolutionary dynamics of the public administration institution. It makes it possible to draw a conclusion about the formation within the local civilizational matrix of modern Russia of a new type of the institutional core – the intellectual one, in which basic and compensatory institutions of the market and distribution types are integrated. The article presents a methodology that allows determining the degree of the formation of public administration, as well as assessing its impact on the social and economic development ofmodern Russia.

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