Development of intercultural communication in tourism

The state policy of the Russian Federation in the sphere of domestic and inbound tourism is quite active. The final Federal target program "Development of domestic and inbound tourism in the Russian Federation (2011–2018)" and the ongoing work on the project of the new program document proves that tourism is one of the priorities of the domestic economy. The current tourist industry and infrastructure have formed the basis for the development of a variety of tourist programs and routes. The competition between individual destinations and tourist product is significantly increasing. The key competitive advantage is the satisfaction of the tourist. Strategic approaches and operational activities to the promotion of Russian national tourist product in the international arena and in the domestic market require the transformation and implementation of systemic and targeted administration in the conditions of the growing market and the increasing competition in the tourism industry. The ability to offer the traveller not only interesting but also comfortable, safe, appropriate to the spiritual needs of the tourist product, becomes the main success factor of tourism companies. The article discusses the problems of implementing cross-cultural communication as a tool for creation of comfortable tourist environment.

Youth policy in forming participatory culture

Youth policy and the youth in Russian politics are the central theme of the article. The author identifies contemporary issues and promising areas for developing youth policy and youth participation in policy-making within participatory culture development. By the example of “NIU “MPEI” (“National Research University “Moscow Power Engineering Institute”) branch in Volzhsky, Volgograd region, it is proposed to establish a public organization in the form of social movement in the development of university and society communication networks. The aim of the study is to work out modalities of integrating young people harmoniously into social and political practices as well as its development of participatory culture in Russia based on the analysis of political practices against youth and scientific literature. Systems approach, analysis and participant observation are the basis of the conducted research. Results of the research can be considered the fact that a harmonious approach to the integration of young people into social and political practices and the development of its participatory culture are adopted. Research materials are designed to improve government and municipal performance management in the area of youth policy, political parties and public organizations. Materials would also be useful to scientists and experts involved in youth issues and its socialization.

The development of small business in the sphere of consumer market and services as a factor of economic growth (on materials of the Republic of Khakassia)

This article focuses on the nature and role of small business in the sphere of consumer market and services as an important condition of economic growth. The article presents the analysis of the state of small business in the federal subjects of Russia - the Republic of Khakassia, and summarizes its development, the structure of small business by the number of enterprises in different activities. The authors estimate the small business in the sphere of consumer market and services and present the peculiarities and problems of development of entrepreneurial structures in the sphere of consumer market and services at the regional level (on the example of Republic of Khakassia). The consumer market remains one of the most important factors of economic growth in the Republic of Khakassia. The authors determine the factors contributing to the development of small business on regional level and their impact on economic growth. They note that just small businesses do not require large upfront investment and guaranteeing a high rate of turnover of resources and they can most quickly solve the problems of the formation and saturation of market with goods and services. Small businesses can quickly respond to changing consumer demand and thus they can provide the necessary balance in the consumer market. This study is limited to the territory of the Republic of Khakassia, however, the information can be applied and used in other regions of the Russian Federation, as well as in the preparation of textbooks and articles.

Service "master class" as an effective method of merchandising in the restaurant industry

This article shows the expediency of developing the service "master class" as an effective method of merchandising, aimed at forming consumer preferences, promoting sales of products and services in the restaurant industry. Taking into account that in modern market conditions it is becoming increasingly difficult for public catering enterprises to achieve advantage over competitors basing on price, range, promotion or location, developing a promotion strategy, special attention is paid to formulating and analyzing the concept of the enterprise, assessing its target audience and determining the best methods for the achievement of the required objectives. As the organizational and technological innovations in the restaurant industry, the authors propose to introduce master classes, which popularity is now growing noticeably. This is a modern form of training for practicing practical skills in various technologies with the aim of improving professional skills and sharing best practices of participants, expanding their horizons and joining the newest fields of knowledge. The authors develop a model of the process of providing a master class service. They propose the criteria for preparing and holding a culinary master class. Based on this model, there is proposed a service structure that includes the sequence of actions, their content and the types of processes. The methodology of the master class for cooking German cuisine "Introduction to Bavarian cuisine" is described. The progressive technological equipment, special equipment and utensils used for the master class are described. The conclusion is drawn that a qualitatively rendered service "master class" is able to ensure the formation of consumer loyalty to a certain catering enterprise or restaurant brand, increase interest in it, and, as a result, increase sales.

The redevelopment of industrial areas into new tourist attractions in Russia: factors of projects’ success

The article presents the analysis of the redevelopment of industrial areas in Russian cities in the context of the possibilities for appearing the new secondary (and the primary ones in the future) attractions. It appears that domestic urbanists, and town planners, and tourism researchers do not pay enough attention to the industrial renovation as the source of tourist potential and appeal. The Central aim of the article is identification and justification of those factors that have the greatest importance from the point of view of renovating projects’ success, regeneration and revitalization of industrial zones. The process of the emergence of new public spaces in the form of art-clusters began in Russia in the middle of the first decade of the 2000s, and today it has got some experience of successful transformations in a number of cities, most vivid and important example of which is "Red October" [«Krasnyi Oktyabr'»]. The authors focus not just on consideration of domestic experience but on the importance of other factors such as consideration of international experience (and primarily the experience of Eastern Europe), the use of consulting (especially in urban development and marketing of destinations), increased attention to aspects of tourism and tourist perception in urban projects of redevelopment and renovation, expansion of incentives for redevelopment (including through the instruments of state-private and municipal-private partnership), the need to ensure the balance of all sectors which are responsible for the transformation of urban industrial areas. It is expected that a more complete accounting of the success factors of the initiation and implementation of industrial redevelopment will increase their stress resistance, including profitability, which is especially important in conditions of General economic stagnation and the gradual satiation (and in some segments even glut) of the commercial real estate market.

The situation of the tourism route network and programs on ecological issues in Irkutsk oblast

The study of the state of the tourist route network and related programs is a good indicator of the state and development trends of the tourist sphere of the territories. This approach becomes particularly relevant when this phenomenon is associated with the development of tourism within the vast UNESCO World Heritage Sites, which include Lake Baikal. The aim of the study was the identification of the state of the tourism route network and programs on ecological issues in Irkutsk oblast. Main research methods are: comparative, mathematical, and statistical. The main research approaches were: a comprehensive, ecological, geographical and situational. The study developed and applied methods of the inventory and analysis of tourist routes and programs on ecological issues. All information was gathered on 167 objects, 72 of which have an ecological theme. Most of the identified tourist route network and programs are confined to the coast of Lake Baikal and concentrate on a small part of the region. The study can be useful for the representatives of tourist business and government in the region as an indicator of the situation, as well as directly to consumers of the tourist product. Tourist routes and related programs are characterized by an increased share in length and duration, relatively high prices, the need for a combination of several modes of transport and modes of transportation. Research materials can be useful for the representatives of tourist business and government in the region as an indicator of the situation, as well as directly to consumers of the tourist product.

Tourism resources of Moscow (by the example of the West administrative district)

The article examines tourist facilities, which are located in the West part of Moscow and belong to the Fili-Kuntsevo area. The author distinguishes and analyzes three types of tourism resources — historical, cultural and natural. The author uses wide variety of sources and literature for their characteristics: annals, chronicles, memoirs, letters, research. The historical monuments should include Kuntsevskoe gorodishche (literally "the settlement Kuntsevo") and Poklonnaya Gora (literally "Bow-down Hill"). Kuntsevskoe gorodishche is one of the oldest monument of material culture and a centre of metalwork. Poklonnaya Gora in written sources was first mentioned in 1360, At pre-sent, there have formed two memorial complex associated with the Patriotic war of 1812 and the great Patriotic war of 1941–1945 Among the significant monuments there is Kutuzov's hut, panorama of the battle of Borodino, Triumphal arch, Central Museum of the great Patriotic war of 1941–1945, the obelisk of the Victory, Museum of military equipment. Among the cultural tourist objects there is marked out the estate of the Naryshkins of the XVIII-th century, the Church of the Intercession in Fili (built in 1690-1694), the Sign of the virgin in Kuntsevo (1913), the Vernicle Image to Setun in Troekurovo (1673–1676), where the famous icon painter Simon Ushakov created his master-pieces, and the Nativity of the Theotokos in Krylatskoye (1862-1877). The famous style of "Naryshkin Baroque" is presented in the Church of the Intercession at Fili, where such outstanding painters of the XVII-th century, as Karp Zolotarev and Kirill Ulanov worked. The special attraction Fili-Kuntsevsky area is natural landscape with its ponds, flora, fauna, forest park. The article can serve as a basis for develop-ment of methodical recommendations in organization of informative walking tours.

Problems and prospects of tourism clusters in the regions of the Northwestern Federal district

The tourist potential of regions of the Northwestern Federal district (NWFD) is studied by the author in the context of the rating, compiled by the magazine "Rest in Russia" [“Otdykh v Rossii”] and the center for information communications "Rating", which has analyzed the tourist attractiveness of Russian regions. The article includes the table which shows the presence of the natural, cultural, and educational resources in NWFD for the development of a particular type of tourism and the available means of accommodation (their types and their quantity according to the three reservation system – Booking, Tripadvisor and Ostrovok). The analysis of this table concludes what types of tourism are in the priority for each subject of the Federal district. The main types of tourism developing in NWFD, according to the author, are the business tourism, cultural tourism, rural tourism, environmental tourism, water tourism and sport tourism. The article presents a SWOT analysis of the tourist-recreational complex of the NWFD which shows that the government should create conditions for tourism development. The author also analyses the impact of tourism clusters on the main areas of development of the region (economic, social and cultural, ecological and natural) and then the possibility of using the tourism resources potential of NWFD subjects. The main idea of the article is that tourism as a specific multiplicative sphere stimulates the development of other sectors of the economy such as: trade, catering, transport, agriculture, production of consumer goods, medical and other services. This fact acquires special importance in the conditions of economic instability and the need for economic growth. On the basis of the SWOT analysis the author proposes measures to the development of the tourism clusters in the regions of NWFD, which include the following: 1) infrastructure development in NWFD; 2) promotion program of NWFD and its regions separately; 3) the development of interregional cooperation and participation in projects for the creation of common tourist programs; 4) focus on the development of the most promising tourist destinations in the district. It is concluded that NWFD, filled with various tourist and recreational resources, has a convenient conditions for the establishment and development of tourist clusters, therefore the huge potential of the tourist market of NWFD is necessary to be used correctly, we should work on its development and increase inbound flows into the country. NWFD can attract not only Russian but also foreign tourists with its sufficient natural, cultural, environmental, educational resources.

Methodical foundations of active tourism development in the small bend of the Don

The Volgograd Region is a promising region for the development of many types and forms of active tourism. The combination of unique natural conditions creates all the necessary prerequisites for the recreational development of the region, especially in the field of active tourism. The large size of the territory (112.9 thousand sq. km.) determines the development of the existing recreational zones and the creation of new ones, promising for the organization of tourism. In this article, one of the most promising areas for the development of active tourism in the Volgograd region is the Bolshaya Golubaya river basin, which is used as a model site for applied research work of the Department of Geography and Cartography of the Volgograd State University. When studying the recreational potential of the researched site, the method of expert assessments was used. The experts were tour operators for domestic tourism. According to the analysis of expert assessments, it is revealed that the development of recreational tourism in the study area is a promising area. Based on the analysis of natural conditions, recreational potential and expert evaluation data, the team of authors outlines the types of sports tourism and their features for development on the territory of the Bolshaya Golubaya river basin. Within the framework of the research, a model of sports and health tourism is created in the area under study, which includes weekend tours of various types of sports tourism. With the help of the ArcGIS10.0 software, this model of development of active tourism in the Bolshaya Golubaya river basin is presented in the form of a cartographic scheme that clearly demonstrates the location of routes of promising types of active tourism.

Problems of formation of budget expenditures in the conditions of deficit budgets

Object. The article considers problems of formation and regulation of the expenditure of the state budget. The subject of analysis: dynamics of the major indicators of the budgets of 2015-2017. The subject of the study. The article deals with conditions and factors affecting the formation of budget expenditures in the current conditions in the context of the more General problems of budget planning. Goal: to identify ways of overcoming the problems of forming and management of budget expenditures because of unfavorable conditions and factors (slow economic growth, sanctions and other reasons).The hypothesis of the study. The efficiency of solving modern problems of formation and management of budget expenditures is determined by the identification and use of measures for budget planning. Methodology. The methodological basis of the article is a set of methods for the study of the theory and practice of budget planning and formation of budget expenditures at the property. Results. The results, reflecting the characteristics of the dynamics of the main parameters of the budgets, identified key problems affecting the quality of the formation costs. Proposed measures to balance the budgets of subjects of the Russian Federation through the optimization of processes of formation of their expenses. Conclusions. The main problem is the lost revenue, is the adaptation of methods of forming the budget expenses to the prevailing economic and financial conditions. The acceleration of this process and enhancing its effectiveness requires the development of internal systems for the formation of budget revenues, reduce to an acceptable level by their dependence on external factors and improve the administration of budget expenditures, providing timely and targeted use of them in full. The scope of the results. The results of research on the topic of the article can be used by practitioners in the process of developing regional budgets and the formation of their expenditure commitments for writing scientific papers and in the educational process. Limitations and directions for future research. Limitations, future research on the topic of the article is the lack of openness and transparency of the budget process, especially at the level of local budgets. Promising areas of research in the area of budget planning are topics related to the formation of budget revenues, diversification in modern conditions.