scholarly journals Latvian Music History in the Context of 20th-century Modernism and Postmodernism. Some Specific Issues of Local Historiography

2018 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-139
Author(s):  
Jānis Kudiņš
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Music History ◽  
Historical Experience ◽  
History Of

Do the terms “modernism” and “postmodernism” objectively characterize the trends in the music history of the 20th century or are they merely theoretical abstractions? How can they be applied to the music history of specific countries, for example, when analysing a local historical experience? The article will consider these questions primarily to focus on the representation of the modernist and postmodernist aesthetics in the stylistic developments of the 20th-century Latvian music history.

‘... Call the Mute Artifacts to Speech’: New Essays on the History of Archeology

2018 ◽  
pp. 1274-1279
Author(s):  
Elena V. Olimpieva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Comparative Method ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Historical Overview ◽  
Historical Experience ◽  
Historical Material ◽  
Manuscript Tradition ◽  
History Of ◽  
Publication Practices ◽  
Controversial Nature

The article reviews O. A. Shashkova’s ‘... Call the Mute Artifacts to Speech.’ Essays on the History of Archaeography of the 15th - Early 20th Century. Wide array of sources and broad geographical frameworks allow Shashkova to present emergence and development of Russian and European archaeography from the 15th to early 20th century intelligibly enough for educational purposes. A whole chapter is devoted to the manuscript tradition and publishing of sources before Gutenberg. When considering the formation of archaeographical tradition, the author uses comparative method. O. A. Shashkova offers a historical overview and analyzes theoretical and practical issues of archaeography. The reviewer notes the significance of the chosen topic due to a need to reconsider the development of publishing in light of modern views on archaeography and to make it accessible to students and non-professionals. She notes traditional academic approach of O. A. Shashkova to presentation of the development publication practices. The review considers the possibility of using the ‘Essays...’ in studying the history of archaeography and offers possible directions for a broader consideration of historical experience, in particular, of Novikov’s publication projects. The review notes the controversial nature of the author’s approach to systematization of her large historical material in order to consider issues concerning the study of archaeographical practices. It stresses that coverage of issues of development of methods of preparation of publications separately from its historical and practical aspects hinders successful mastering of the material by an untrained reader. It concludes that the publication has high practical value for specialists in archaeography and students.

scholarly journals Konflikty pamięci? — O interpretacjach historii Gułagu

2010 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 23-40
Author(s):  
Zuzanna Bogumił
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Public Memory ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Russian Orthodox ◽  
Orthodox Church ◽  
Russian Orthodox Church ◽  
Historical Experience ◽  
The Public ◽  
Social Transitions ◽  
History Of

Until the end of 1980s, the topic of Soviet persecutions was tabooed in the USSR. Political and social transitions that took place in that period finally eroded the wall of silence. The stories about Gulag past started to appear in the newspapers and the witnesses finally spoke. The reconstruction of the history of the Gulag, proposed at that time, became the cornerstone of the public memory of this historical experience. In my paper, I use Michel Foucault’s concept of anti-history in order to analyse the methods of interpretation and commemorating of these tragic events of the 20th century by the Memorial Society and by the Russian Orthodox Church. It was these two institutions who were the most active in the process of forming the contemporary perception of the Gulag. The interpretations proposed by them are comprehensive constructs that explain the Gulag system in all its complexity. On the basis of materials gathered during field research in Russia, I deconstruct the significance of secular and religious anti-history discourses and analyse their influence on the perceptions of the Soviet persecutions in today’s Russia.

scholarly journals The History of the Soviet Arctic Development in the English-Language Historiography of the Late 20th and the Early 21st Centuries

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 577-601
Author(s):  
Denis Anan'ev
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
English Language ◽  
Environmental Issues ◽  
Arctic Region ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Late 20Th Century ◽  
Historical Experience ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Arctic Region

In the modern context the Arctic region is considered to be an arena for fierce international competition. The need to address numerous political, economic, legal and environmental issues, connected with this region, compels to rethink the historical experience of its development. The history of the Arctic Zone development made by the Russian Federation (particularly the Soviet period) has been studied both by Russian and foreign scholars. This paper intends to analyze the contemporary English-language publications on this topic; as well as to determine their subject matter and to identify the key trends in the English-language historiography of the Soviet Arctic development. The study has found that the contemporary English-speaking researchers (P. Josephson, J. McCannon, P. Horensma) consider a wide range of issues related to the history of the Soviet Arctic. For instance, the scholars write about the conduct of scientific research, administrative reforms and economic development, as well as about environmental issues and problems of indigenous population of the region. The theme of clarifying the role of the Soviet Union in determination of international and legal status of the Arctic region has been emphasized in the literature studied (N. Fogelson, J. McCannon). In the context of the «cultural turn» in the late 20th-century historiography Western researchers (P. Horensma, J. McCannon) analyzed the role of ideology and propaganda in constructing «the Arctic myth», its significance for the Soviet mass culture. The access to the Russian archives and their availability allowed the modern Western scholars to conduct their researches there, that resulted in obtaining a more objective assessment of the real victories and failures in the development of the Soviet Arctic. Summarizing the historical experience of the Russian Arctic development in the late 20th century the majority of Western authors believe that only the full-scale international cooperation will make it possible to effectively address the problems of the region.

scholarly journals Wat i doświadczenie historyczne

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 19
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Czajkowska
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Poetic Language ◽  
Historical Experience ◽  
Czeslaw Milosz ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Literary Output

Aleksander Wat and historical experience An exceptionally complex biography of Aleksander Wat, apparently present in his literary output, makes him a person especially privileged that betoken the history of the 20th century. A historical experience constitutes for Wat an artistic problem, literature becomes a record of his experience – a direct and authentic record. However, since writing is not only an ethnic obligation but also the inclusion into a widely understood cultural context, Wat undertakes the attempts of communicating with the world, it becomes though more and more difficult for the poet due to the lack – in his opinion – of a suitable poetic language for the description of the world. The outcome of it is Wat’s reaching the borders of the speech – to silence ([Zakułem się w pancerz myślenia...]). What Wat considered in his experience as the most important, it becomes therefore strengthened not only in his poetry but, above all, in Mój wiek [My Century] – a text not written but spoken, tape recorded; richness (“the excess of information”), digressiveness but also some breaking up, some formal “splitting up” of this text, reflects most fully heterogenous, complicated, full of suffering Wat’s experience. A vitally important in this situation is Czesław Miłosz, Wat’s interlocutor whose discreet presence, wise posing of questions orders the picture drawn chaotically by Wat.

scholarly journals The History of Sharing Video Content in Poland: Analog copies of the 1980s as a Factor of Digital Peer Re-production in the 2000s

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 60-77
Author(s):  
Mirosław Filiciak ◽  
Piotr Toczyski
Keyword(s):  
Popular Culture ◽  
Eastern Europe ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Technological Progress ◽  
Historical Data ◽  
Video Content ◽  
Historical Experience ◽  
History Of ◽  
Historical Trajectory

We depict practices of Polish audiences in communist Poland and the transition of these practices after the fall of communism. In Eastern Europe, digital distribution of video content has been built on semi-peripheral culture of VHS tapes copying and sharing. Although the unique Polish 20th century historical trajectory contains the experience of being excluded from Western popular culture, the first decade of 21st century brought unlimited digital access to audiovisual content. Peer re-production, a non-creative mode of participation increased. Our article provides new historical data illustrating this specificity both in terms of historical experience and globalizing technological progress.

scholarly journals W poszukiwaniu „narodowości w fotografice”

2018 ◽  
pp. 65-86
Author(s):  
Maciej Szymanowicz
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Collective Memory ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
The State ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Historical Experience ◽  
History Of ◽  
First Time ◽  
National Style

In Search for the “National Features in Photography” Summary The main point of the paper is the interest of Polish photographers in nationalist ideas, which has long been one of the forgotten and overlooked episodes in the history of twentieth-century Polish photography. The issue appeared for the first time in 1931-1933, when Polish photographic magazines published a debate about revealing national traits in a photo. It was an aftermath of the idea of the national style in Polish art, promoted since the early 1920s in relation to the needs of the state that just became independent. The greatest authorities of the time took part in the debate, including Jan Bułhak, Józef Świtkowski, Jan Sunderland, and Antoni Wieczorek, who were the main theorists of the Polish photography in the early 20th century. Analyzing the problem, they reverted to various arguments, from purely formal ones, assuming a characteristic tendency of Polish artists to choose particular forms and types of composition (a view based on the theory of pictorialism), through thematic (referring to collective memory and the historical experience of Poles), sociological, and even legal (based on the ideas of Leon Petrażycki). The same arguments were often used later throughout the century. The paper presents the development and theoretical basis of the debate in the early 1930s, as well as later evolution of the concepts which, coined at that time, contributed to the theory of Polish photography in the 20th century.

scholarly journals V. N. Weber’s Diary on the Work of the Russian-Swedish Grade Measurement Expedition to the Svalbard Archipelago in 1901

2021 ◽  
pp. 713-724
Author(s):  
Tatyana P. Filippova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Russian Science ◽  
Historical Experience ◽  
Svalbard Archipelago ◽  
Russian Scientific ◽  
Historic Monument ◽  
Travel Diary ◽  
History Of ◽  
Northern Territories

The article concentrates on the study of historical experience of the Russian science in the development of the Arctic and the northern territories. The object of its analysis is the travel diary of the geologist, Doctor of Geological and Mineralogical Sciences (1937), employee of the Geological Committee of Russia,Valerian Nikolaevich Weber (1871–1940), a participant of the Russian-Swedish expedition on grade measurement on the Svalbard archipelago in 1901, stored in fond no. 58 “The Geological Committee of the Mining Department” of the Russian State Historical Archive. The Russian-Swedish grade measurement expedition to the Svalbard archipelago was carried out in 1899-1901 and became one of the major international scientific projects for studying the Arctic space at the turn of the 20th century. The results of this expedition went down in the history of the Arctic studies, and its results laid the foundations for the modern study of polar territories. The travel diary of V.N. Weber covers the period from May 27, 1901 to August 18, 1901 and describes the activities of the Russian researchers on board of the icebreaker Yermak in 1901. This documentary source is a unique historic monument, not only revealing the history of the expedition research, but also showing all its events in assessment and interpretation of a participant. In Soviet historiography such sources were considered supplementary, but modern trends in of historical scholarship allow us to analyze such documents as independent subjects of study. Travel diaries are kept in order to preserve the memory and for practical purposes of the expedition. Such sources usually have rich information potential, representing various aspects of the expedition’s activities; regular travel notes reflect, as a rule, a consistent course of events, providing valuable retrospective information for research. The diary of V.N. Weber details the route of the research party, the living conditions and daily life of the expedition participants, their scientific activities and the research results. Analysis of the diary demonstrates what efforts won great results for the Russian scientific community in the development of the Arctic territory in the early 20th century. This document, being a valuable source for scientific study and comprehension of the Arctic, helps the modern generation to understand this unique historical experience.

scholarly journals On the Writing of History of Science in Brazil in the Second Half of the 20th Century

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo Henrique Barbosa de Vasconcelos
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
History Of Science ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Historical Experience ◽  
Historical Aspects ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Brazilian Science

The present article is elaborated in two parts. In the first part, we present a survey of authors and their works that throughout the second half of the 20th century, developed significant references for the history of science in Brazil, establishing and consolidating this field of studies in the country, with an exacerbated emphasis on the historical aspects that occurred in Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo. In the second part of the article, we present a concrete historical experience in the 19th century, in the province of Ceará, totally disregarded by the traditional and the current historiographic production of history of science. This situation ultimately raises the question: What is the history of Brazilian science? What are the determinants of the history of science in Brazil? To what extent is the history of science in Brazil national?

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document