scholarly journals Malaria health seeking practices for children, and intermittent preventive treatment in pregnancy in Wakiso District, Uganda

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 1722-32
Author(s):  
David Musoke ◽  
Rawlance Ndejjo ◽  
Solomon Tsebeni Wafula ◽  
Simon Kasasa ◽  
Jessica Nakiyingi-Miiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Household Head ◽  
Intermittent Preventive Treatment ◽  
Preventive Treatment ◽  
Education Level ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Health Seeking ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Adult Age ◽  
Malaria Burden ◽  
In Pregnancy

Background: Timely health care among children with suspected malaria, and intermittent preventive treatment (IPTp) in pregnancy avert related morbidity and mortality in endemic regions especially in sub-Saharan Africa. Malaria burden has steadily been declining in endemic countries due to progress made in scaling up of such important interventions. Objectives: The study assessed malaria health seeking practices for children under five years of age, and IPTp in Wakiso district, Uganda. Methods: A structured questionnaire was used to collect data from 727 households. Chi-square and Fisher’s exact tests were performed in STATA to ascertain factors associated with the place where treatment for children with suspected malaria was first sought (government versus private facility) and uptake of IPTp. Results: Among caretakers of children with suspected malaria, 69.8% sought care on the day of onset of symptoms. The place where treatment was first sought for the children (government versus private) was associated with participants’ (household head or other adult) age (p < 0.001), education level (p < 0.001) and household income (p = 0.011). Among women who had a child in the five years preceding the study, 179 (63.0%) had obtained two or more IPTp doses during their last pregnancy. Uptake of two or more IPTp doses was associated with the women’s education level (p = 0.006), having heard messages about malaria through mass media (p = 0.008), knowing the recommended number of IPTp doses (p < 0.001), and knowing the drug used in IPTp (p < 0.001).  Conclusion: There is need to improve malaria health seeking practices among children and pregnant women particularly IPTp through programmes aimed at increasing awareness among the population. Keywords: Health seeking behaviour; intermittent preventive treatment; malaria; children; pregnancy; Uganda.

scholarly journals Factors Influencing Adherence to the New Intermittent Preventive Treatment of Malaria in Pregnancy Policy in Keta District of the Volta Region, Ghana

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alren O. Vandy ◽  
Nana Yaw Peprah ◽  
Joseph Yaw Jerela ◽  
Perfect Titiati ◽  
Abubakar Manu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intermittent Preventive Treatment ◽  
Preventive Treatment ◽  
Malaria In Pregnancy ◽  
World Health ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Volta Region ◽  
In Pregnancy

Abstract Background About 25% of pregnant women in malaria endemic areas are infected with malaria and this accounts for about 15% of maternal death globally. Intermittent preventive treatment in pregnancy with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (IPTp-SP) is one of the main strategies for prevention of malaria in pregnancy. A new recommendation was made by World Health Organization (WHO) that at least three doses of IPTp-SP should be administered before delivery. This study sought to determine the factors influencing adherence to the new IPTp-SP policy in Keta District, Volta region, Ghana. Methods A cross-sectional quantitative study among 375 nursing mothers at four selected health facilities in Keta district, Ghana was conducted using a structured questionnaire to interview participants. Data was analyzed using STATA 15. Chi-square was used to test bivariate association between categorical variables and adherence. Logistic regression analysis was used to examine sociodemographic, individual and institutional factors influencing adherence to IPTp-SP. Result About 82.1% of participants adhered to the WHO policy recommendations of at least three doses of IPTp-SP. However, only 17.1% received Ghana’s five dose coverage recommendation. The proportion of IPTp-SP coverage for IPTp1 was 98.9%; IPTp2 95.5%; IPTp3 80.8%; IPTp4 39.5%; IPTp5 17.1%. Conclusion Adherence to IPTp-SP was satisfactory according to WHO’s policy recommendation, however, majority of the participants had less than the five doses recommended in Ghana. Number of ANC visits and knowledge of malaria were the main determinants of adherence to IPTp-SP.

scholarly journals Impact of Health Systems on the Implementation of Intermittent Preventive Treatment for Malaria in Pregnancy in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Narrative Synthesis

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 134
Author(s):  
Atinuke O. Olaleye ◽  
Oladapo Walker
Keyword(s):  
Health System ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Intermittent Preventive Treatment ◽  
Preventive Treatment ◽  
Malaria In Pregnancy ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Narrative Synthesis ◽  
In Pregnancy

Malaria in pregnancy is a public health challenge with serious negative maternal and newborn consequences. Intermittent preventive treatment (IPTp) with sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine is recommended for the control of malaria during pregnancy within endemic areas, but coverage for the recommended ≥3 doses IPTp regimen has remained suboptimal. We searched PubMed, Cochrane library, and HINARI database from 1 January 2010 to 23 May 2020, for studies investigating the effect of the health system on IPTp implementation. Data extraction was independently performed by two investigators and evaluated for quality and content. Health system barriers and facilitators were explored using thematic analysis and narrative synthesis. Thirty-four out of 1032 screened articles were included. Key health system issues affecting the provision and uptake of IPTp were the ambiguity of policy and guidelines for IPTp administration, human resource shortages, drug stock-outs, conflicting policy implementation on free IPTp provision, hidden costs, unclear data recording and reporting guidelines, and poor quality of care. Factors affecting the supply and demand for IPTp services involve all pillars of the health system across different countries. The success of health programs such as IPTp will thus depend on how well the different pillars of the health system are articulated towards the success of each program.

scholarly journals Intermittent screening and treatment with dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine for the prevention of malaria in pregnancy: implementation feasibility in a routine healthcare system setting in western Kenya

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenny Hill ◽  
Peter Ouma ◽  
Seth Oluoch ◽  
Jane Bruce ◽  
Simon Kariuki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intermittent Preventive Treatment ◽  
Preventive Treatment ◽  
Standard Of Care ◽  
Health Facilities ◽  
Malaria In Pregnancy ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Directly Observed Therapy ◽  
Western Kenya ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
In Pregnancy

Abstract Background Intermittent preventive treatment in pregnancy (IPTp) with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP) is recommended for preventing malaria in pregnancy in areas of moderate-to-high transmission in sub-Saharan Africa. However, due to increasing parasite resistance to SP, research on alternative strategies is a priority. The study assessed the implementation feasibility of intermittent screening and treatment (ISTp) in the second and third trimester at antenatal care (ANC) with malaria rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) and treatment of positive cases with dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine (DP) compared to IPTp-SP in western Kenya. Methods A 10-month implementation study was conducted in 12 government health facilities in four sub-counties. Six health facilities were assigned to either ISTp-DP or IPTp-SP. Evaluation comprised of facility audits, ANC observations, and exit interviews. Intermediate and cumulative effectiveness analyses were performed on all processes involved in delivery of ISTp-DP including RDT proficiency and IPTp-SP ± directly observed therapy (DOT, standard of care). Logistic regression was used to identify predictors of receiving each intervention. Results A total of 388 and 389 women were recruited in the ISTp-DP and IPTp-SP arms, respectively. For ISTp-DP, 90% (289/320) of eligible women received an RDT. Of 11% (32/289) who tested positive, 71% received the correct dose of DP and 31% the first dose by DOT, and only 6% were counselled on subsequent doses. Women making a sick visit and being tested in a facility with a resident microscopist were more likely to receive ISTp-DP (AOR 1.78, 95% CI 1.31, 2.41; and AOR 3.75, 95% CI 1.31, 2.40, respectively). For IPTp-SP, only 57% received a dose of SP by DOT. Payment for a laboratory test was independently associated with receipt of SP by DOT (AOR 6.43, 95% CI 2.07, 19.98). Conclusions The findings indicate that the systems effectiveness of ANC clinics to deliver ISTp-DP under routine conditions was poor in comparison to IPTp-SP. Several challenges to integration of ISTp with ANC were identified that may need to be considered by countries that have introduced screening at first ANC visit and, potentially, for future adoption of ISTp with more sensitive RDTs. Understanding the effectiveness of ISTp-DP will require additional research on pregnant women’s adherence to ACT.

scholarly journals Managing intermittent preventive treatment of malaria in pregnancy challenges: an ethnographic study of two Ghanaian administrative regions

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Matilda Aberese-Ako ◽  
Pascal Magnussen ◽  
Margaret Gyapong ◽  
Gifty D. Ampofo ◽  
Harry Tagbor
Keyword(s):  
Intermittent Preventive Treatment ◽  
Preventive Treatment ◽  
Ethnographic Study ◽  
Health Facilities ◽  
Malaria In Pregnancy ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Bed Nets ◽  
Maternal Healthcare ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
In Pregnancy

Abstract Background Malaria in pregnancy (MiP) is an important public health problem across sub-Saharan Africa. The package of measures for its control in Ghana in the last 20 years include regular use of long-lasting insecticide-treated bed nets (LLINs), directly-observed administration (DOT) of intermittent preventive treatment with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (IPTp-SP) and prompt and effective case management of MiP. Unfortunately, Ghana like other sub-Saharan African countries did not achieve the reset Abuja targets of 100% of pregnant women having access to IPTp and 100% using LLINs by 2015. Methods This ethnographic study explored how healthcare managers dealt with existing MiP policy implementation challenges and the consequences on IPTp-SP uptake and access to maternal healthcare. The study collected date using non-participant observations, conversations, in-depth interviews and case studies in eight health facilities and 12 communities for 12 months in two Administrative regions in Ghana. Results Healthcare managers addressed frequent stock-outs of malaria programme drugs and supplies from the National Malaria Control Programme and delayed reimbursement from the NHIS, by instituting co-payment, rationing and prescribing drugs for women to buy from private pharmacies. This ensured that facilities had funds to pay creditors, purchase drugs and supplies for health service delivery. However, it affected their ability to enforce DOT and to monitor adherence to treatment. Women who could afford maternal healthcare and MiP services and those who had previously benefitted from such services were happy to access uninterrupted services. Women who could not maternal healthcare services resorted to visiting other sources of health care, delaying ANC and skipping scheduled ANC visits. Consequently, some clients did not receive the recommended 5 + doses of SP, others did not obtain LLINs early and some did not obtain treatment for MiP. Healthcare providers felt frustrated whenever they could not provide comprehensive care to women who could not afford comprehensive maternal and MiP care. Conclusion For Ghana to achieve her goal of controlling MiP, the Ministry of Health and other supporting institutions need to ensure prompt reimbursement of funds, regular supply of programme drugs and medical supplies to public, faith-based and private health facilities.

scholarly journals Geopolitical zones differentials in intermittent preventive treatment in pregnancy (IPTp) and long lasting insecticidal nets (LLIN) utilization in Nigeria

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. e0254475
Author(s):  
Chinedu Chukwu ◽  
Herbert Onuoha ◽  
Kwala Adline Katty Okorafor ◽  
Oluwaseun Ojomo ◽  
Olugbenga A. Mokuolu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Media Use ◽  
Intermittent Preventive Treatment ◽  
Preventive Treatment ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
North Central ◽  
North West ◽  
North East ◽  
South West ◽  
Long Lasting Insecticidal Nets ◽  
In Pregnancy

Background The coverage of long lasting insecticidal nets (LLIN) and intermittent preventive treatment of malaria in pregnancy (IPTp) uptake for the prevention of malaria commonly vary by geography. Many sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) countries, including Nigeria are adopting the use of LLIN and IPTp to fight malaria. Albeit, the coverage of these interventions to prevent malaria across geographical divisions have been understudied in many countries. In this study, we aimed to explore the differentials in LLIN and IPTp uptake across Nigerian geopolitical zones. Methods We analyzed data from Nigeria Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS) 2016–17. The outcome variables were IPTp and LLIN uptake among women of childbearing age (15–49 years). A total sample of 24,344 women who had given birth were examined for IPTp use and 36,176 women for LLIN use. Percentages, Chi-square test and multivariable logit models plots were used to examine the geopolitical zones differentials in IPTp and LLIN utilization. Data was analyzed at 5% level of significance. Results The overall prevalence of IPTp was 76.0% in Nigeria. Moreover, there were differences across geopolitical zones: North Central (71.3%), North East (76.9%), North West (78.2%), South East (76.1%), South South (79.7%) and South West (72.4%) respectively. Furthermore, the prevalence of LLIN was 87.7%% in Nigeria. Also, there were differences across geopolitical zones: North Central (89.1%), North East (91.8%), North West (90.0%), South East (77.3%), South South (81.1%) and South West (69.8%) respectively. Women who have access to media use, married, educated and non-poor were more likely to uptake IPTp. On the other hand, rural dwellers and those with media use were more likely to use LLIN. Conversely, married, educated, non-poor and women aged 25–34 and 35+ were less likely to use LLIN. Conclusion Though the utilization of IPTp and LLIN was relatively high, full coverage are yet to be achieved. There was geopolitical zones differentials in the prevalence of IPTp and LLIN in Nigeria. Promoting the utilization of IPTp and LLINs across the six geopolitical zones through intensive health education and widespread mass media campaigns will help to achieve the full scale IPTp and LLIN utilization.

scholarly journals Community-based delivery of intermittent preventive treatment of malaria in pregnancy in Burkina Faso: a qualitative study

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Danielle Burke ◽  
Justin Tiendrebeogo ◽  
Courtney Emerson ◽  
Susan Youll ◽  
Julie Gutman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Burkina Faso ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Intermittent Preventive Treatment ◽  
Preventive Treatment ◽  
Malaria In Pregnancy ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Community Healthcare ◽  
Malaria Burden ◽  
In Pregnancy

Abstract Background Burkina Faso is among ten countries with the highest rates of malaria cases and deaths in the world. Delivery and coverage of intermittent preventive treatment of malaria in pregnancy (IPTp) is insufficient in Burkina Faso; In a 2016 survey, only 22% of eligible women had received their third dose of IPTp. It is also an extremely rural country and one with an established cadre of community healthcare workers (CHWs). To better meet the needs of pregnant women, an enhanced programme was established to facilitate distribution of IPTp at the community level by CHWs. Methods In order to assess the perceptions of CHWs and facility healthcare workers (HCWs) involved in this programme rollout, semi-structured interviews were conducted at three high malaria burden health districts in Burkina Faso. Interviews were conducted at baseline with 104 CHWs and 35 HCWs prior to the introduction of community based IPTp (c-IPTp) to assess capacity and any areas of concern. At endline, interviews were conducted with 29 CHWs and 21 HCWs to identify key facilitators and suggestions for further implementation of the c-IPTp programme. Results CHWs reported feeling capable of supporting c-IPTp delivery and facilitating linkage to antenatal care (ANC). They noted that the opportunity for enhanced training and close and ongoing connections with facility HCWs and supportive supervision were imperative. Both CHWs and HCWs perceived this approach as acceptable to community members and noted the importance of close community engagement, monthly meetings between CHWs and facility HCWs, and maintaining regular supplies of sulfadoxine–pyrimethamine (SP). Those interviewed noted that it was beneficial to have the involvement of both female and male CHWs. Conclusions Community-based delivery of IPTp was feasible and acceptable to both facility HCWs and CHWs. This approach has the potential to strengthen delivery and uptake of IPTp and ANC both in Burkina Faso and across the region.

scholarly journals Determinants of the uptake of intermittent preventive treatment of malaria in pregnancy with sulphadoxine pyrimethamine in Sabatia Sub County, Western Kenya

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua A. Mutanyi ◽  
Daniel O. Onguru ◽  
Sidney O. Ogolla ◽  
Lawrence B. Adipo
Keyword(s):  
Intermittent Preventive Treatment ◽  
Preventive Treatment ◽  
Malaria In Pregnancy ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Good Knowledge ◽  
Maternal Knowledge ◽  
Western Kenya ◽  
To Receive ◽  
Sulphadoxine Pyrimethamine ◽  
In Pregnancy

Abstract Background Annually, 125.2 million pregnant women worldwide risk contracting malaria, including 30.3 million and 1.5 million in Sub-Saharan Africa and Kenya respectively. At least three doses of sulphadoxine pyrimethamine for intermittent preventive treatment of malaria in pregnancy (IPTp-SP) is recommended for optimal benefit. Kenya recorded low IPTp-SP optimal uptake in 2015. This study investigated the prevalence of and factors influencing IPTp-SP optimal uptake in Sabatia Sub County, Western Kenya. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in Sabatia Sub County from April to October 2020. Using a validated semi-structured questionnaire, data were obtained from 372 randomly sampled post-delivery women aged 15–49 years with live birth within one year preceding the study. Women on cotrimoxazole prophylaxis during pregnancy were excluded. Pearson Chi-square and Fisher’s Exact test were measures of association used. Binary logistic regression analysed predictors of optimal IPTp-SP uptake. Results Optimal IPTp-SP uptake was 79.6%, 95% CI 75.5%–83.7%. Predictors of IPTp-SP optimization were gestational age at first antenatal care (ANC) visit (P = 0.04), frequency of ANC visits (P < 0.001), maternal knowledge of IPTp-SP benefits (P < 0.001), maternal knowledge of optimal sulphadoxine pyrimethamine (SP) dose (P = 0.03) and SP administration at ANC clinic (P = 0.03). Late ANC initiators were less likely to receive optimal IPTp-SP (aOR = 0.4, 95% CI 0.2–0.9). Odds of optimizing IPTp-SP increased among women with ≥ 4 ANC visits (aOR = 16.7, 95% CI 7.9–35.3), good knowledge of IPTp-SP benefits (aOR = 2.4, 95% CI 1.3–4.5) and good knowledge of optimal SP dose (aOR = 1.9, 95% CI 1.1–3.4). Women who never missed being administered SP were highly likely to receive optimal IPTp-SP (aOR = 2.9, 95% CI 1.1–7.2) Conclusions This study has found high IPTp-SP optimal uptake in the study area. Efforts should be directed towards early and more frequent ANC visits. Intensive and targeted health education is required. It’s fundamental to adequately stock and consistently administer SP. Future studies considering larger samples and health workers’ perspectives of the health system delivery factors are recommended. Graphical abstract

scholarly journals Factors Influencing Adherence to the New Intermittent Preventive Treatment of Malaria in Pregnancy Policy in Keta District of the Volta Region, Ghana

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alren O. Vandy ◽  
Nana Yaw Peprah ◽  
Joseph Yaw Jerela ◽  
Perfect Titiati ◽  
Abubakar Manu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intermittent Preventive Treatment ◽  
Preventive Treatment ◽  
Malaria In Pregnancy ◽  
World Health ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Volta Region ◽  
In Pregnancy

Abstract Background About 25% of pregnant women in malaria endemic areas are infected with malaria and this accounts for about 15% of maternal death globally. Intermittent preventive treatment in pregnancy with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (IPTp-SP) is one of the main strategies for prevention of malaria in pregnancy. A new recommendation was made by World Health Organization (WHO) that at least three doses of IPTp-SP should be administered before delivery. This study sought to determine the factors influencing adherence to the new IPTp-SP policy in Keta District, Volta region, Ghana. Methods A cross-sectional quantitative study among 375 nursing mothers at four selected health facilities in Keta district, Ghana was conducted using a structured questionnaire to interview participants. Data was analyzed using STATA 15. Chi-square was used to test bivariate association between categorical variables and adherence. Logistic regression analysis was used to examine sociodemographic, individual and institutional factors influencing adherence to IPTp-SP. Result About 82.1% of participants adhered to the WHO policy recommendations of at least three doses of IPTp-SP. However, only 17.1% received Ghana’s five dose coverage recommendation. The proportion of IPTp-SP coverage for IPTp1 was 98.9%; IPTp2 95.5%; IPTp3 80.8%; IPTp4 39.5%; IPTp5 17.1%. Conclusion Adherence to IPTp-SP was satisfactory according to WHO’s policy recommendation, however, majority of the participants had less than the five doses recommended in Ghana. Number of ANC visits and knowledge of malaria were the main determinants of adherence to IPTp-SP.

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