Antibiotic Sensitivity of Bacterial Pathogens in Urinary Tract Infections at Muhimbili National Hospital, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania

Background: A urinary tract infection (UTIs) is a common type of infection caused by bacteria that travel up the urethra to the bladder. Globally, it is reported that 150 million people are diagnosed with a UTI annually, costing the world economy over 6 million US dollars in treatment and work loss. Studies conducted in the in-patients pediatric ward of Muhimbili Hospital in Tanzania and Mulago National Referral Hospital in Uganda between five to ten years reported the prevalence of UTI to be 16.8% and 14.6% respectively. On average at Kam Medical Consult Clinic, patients who turn up in the laboratory are about 20%, and 50% of patients present with recurring UTIs clinically. Therefore, there is a need to establish and investigate the prevalence of bacterial pathogens associated with UTI and multiple pathogens that are not known. Methodology: The cross-sectional study was carried out at Kam medical consult clinic (KMCC) located in Kafeero zone Mulago II Kawempe division. The study population was adults and children presenting with symptoms of urinary tract infection. 120 Midstream urine Samples were collected from patients presenting clinical signs of UTI. The diagnosis was done through macroscopy dry chemistry, microscopy, and culture. Results Among the sampled population, 33% of males had urinary tract infections while 67% of females had urinary tract infections. 88.5% were outpatients while 11.5 % were in-patients The overall prevalence of UTI among patients was 63.3% with children aged (1-10) having a prevalence of 5.8 %. Conclusion and recommendation: E.coli is an etiological agent causing UTIs in male and female patients presenting UTI at Kam Medical Consult Clinic. Other etiological agents included Klebsiella, Coliform, Enterococcus species, staphylococcus aureus, pseudomonas species, and candida species. There is a need to monitor the profile of etiological bacteria of UTI through culture and sensitivity regularly.

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Can multiple sclerosis nurses help reduce non-elective admissions? An analysis of a service delivery audit

British Journal of Neuroscience Nursing ◽

10.12968/bjnn.2021.17.sup3.s28 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 17 (Sup3) ◽

pp. S28-S31

Author(s):

Gale Metcalfe ◽

Audrey Owen

Keyword(s):

Multiple Sclerosis ◽

Urinary Tract ◽

Service Delivery ◽

Urinary Tract Infections ◽

Hospital Admissions ◽

Quality Care ◽

Hospital Episode Statistics ◽

National Hospital ◽

Elective Admission ◽

Tract Infections

Background: It has been identified that nearly one-in-five people with multiple sclerosis (MS) have been admitted to hospital as a non-elective admission in 2018–2019. The average national stay is 7.7 days, at an average cost of £2844. Emergency hospital admissions for people with multiple sclerosis are rising nationally. Method: The authors conducted a 12-month audit of non-elective admissions across two clinical sites, comparing and contrasting the data gathered with national Hospital Episode Statistics. The outcome of the data collection influenced changes in local service delivery. Findings: The most common reasons identified for non-elective admissions related to MS were associated with respiratory issues (4255 admissions), with the most common single cause being urinary tract infections (2960 admissions). Bladder and bowel issues combined also accounted for 3550 admissions in 2018/19. Conclusion: The data identified urinary tract infections and sepsis as the largest presentation of non-elective MS admissions to both trusts. Certain recommendations have been made that will contribute to the improvement of service delivery and better quality care.

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Etiology and antibiotic susceptibility of bacterial pathogens responsible for community-acquired urinary tract infections in Poland

European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1007/s10096-016-2673-1 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 35 (8) ◽

pp. 1363-1369 ◽

Cited By ~ 33

Author(s):

E. Stefaniuk ◽

U. Suchocka ◽

K. Bosacka ◽

W. Hryniewicz

Keyword(s):

Urinary Tract ◽

Urinary Tract Infections ◽

Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽

Bacterial Pathogens ◽

Tract Infections

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Urinary tract infection

10.1093/med/9780199659579.003.0004 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Magnus Grabe ◽

Björn Wullt

Keyword(s):

Urinary Tract ◽

Urinary Tract Infections ◽

Antimicrobial Agents ◽

Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽

Resistance Pattern ◽

Sensitivity Testing ◽

Efficient Treatment ◽

Treatment Regimens ◽

Recommended Treatment ◽

Tract Infections

Infections of the urinary tract are among the most frequent infections encountered in the community and hospital environments. They range from harmless self-curing cystitis to severe pyelonephritis with life-threatening sepsis. Urinary tract infections are often recurrent. Host defence is crucial to control the infection but can also be deleterious in terms of scar formation. Early diagnosis, determination of severity, evaluation of possible risk factors, and assumption of possible pathogen are essential aspects to initiate efficient treatment. Urine culture with antibiotic sensitivity testing is the most important tool to confirm a suspected clinical diagnosis and direct treatment. Patients with urological disease are particularly susceptible to urinary tract infections, and healthcare-associated urinary infections are observed in approximately 10% of hospitalized urological patients. In view of the worsening resistance pattern of common urinary pathogens against available antimicrobial agents, it is important to comply with recommended treatment regimens.

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