scholarly journals Base Cation Leaching From the Canopy of a Rubber (Hevea brasiliensis Willd. Muell-Arg) Plantation at Ikenne, South West Nigeria

2012 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
OH Adedeji ◽  
AS Gbadegesin
Keyword(s):  
Hevea Brasiliensis ◽  
Base Cation ◽  
Cation Leaching ◽  
South West

Effects of rainfall acidity and ozone on foliar leaching in red spruce (Picea rubens)

1999 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 487-496 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger G Sayre ◽  
Timothy J Fahey
Keyword(s):  
Acid Rain ◽  
Base Cation ◽  
Low Ph ◽  
Picea Rubens ◽  
Red Spruce ◽  
Cation Leaching ◽  
Cuticle Formation ◽  
Canopy Leaching ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Calcium Pool

The effects of acid rain and ozone on the leaching of chemicals from the canopy of red spruce (Picea rubens Sarg.) saplings was measured over a 4-year treatment period. The saplings were exposed to various levels of ozone and to acid rain (pH 3.1, 4.1, and 5.1) using open-top chambers. No effects of ozone treatments on canopy leaching were observed. Significant effects of rainfall pH on canopy leaching of Ca2+ and Mg2+ were observed, and post-hoc analysis indicated that these effects were associated only with the most acidic treatment (pH 3.1). In the low pH treatment (high NO3- and SO42-) significant canopy retention of both NO3- and SO42- were observed. The observed increase in base cation leaching flux from the red spruce canopy in the low pH treatment was particularly prominent early in the growing season (June) probably reflecting incomplete cuticle formation in the young foliage. Although the annual magnitude of extra Ca2+ leaching from the canopy of red spruce trees in the low pH treatment was small relative to the foliar calcium pool (about 10%), if this leaching preferentially depletes a physiologically important pool, it may influence tree health.

Nutrient fluxes in bulk precipitation, throughfall and stemflow in montane subtropical moist forest on Ailao Mountains in Yunnan, south-west China

2002 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 527-548 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenyao Liu ◽  
John E. D. Fox ◽  
Zaifu Xu
Keyword(s):  
Nature Reserve ◽  
Base Cation ◽  
Mineral Elements ◽  
Bulk Precipitation ◽  
Total N ◽  
West China ◽  
South West ◽  
Moist Forest ◽  
Net Flux ◽  
Ailao Mountain

A study of nutrient movement through rainfall, throughfall and stemflow, as well as epiphytic bryophyte (moss and liverwort) biomass and its effect on nutrient composition of stemflow, was conducted for 2 y in subtropical montane moist forest (Lithocarpus–Castanopsis association) at Xujiaba, Ailao Mountain National Nature Reserve, Yunnan, south-west China. Base cation and fluxes were increased in throughfall, while NH4+-N and NO3--N were reduced relative to precipitation. Annual throughfall inputs of N, P, Ca and S were mainly from precipitation, while most K and two-thirds of Mg throughfall input was due to canopy leaching. Input of Na in the precipitation and throughfall was low in this forest. Net flux (throughfall flux minus bulk precipitation) and deposition ratios (ratio of throughfall flux to bulk precipitation flux) were in the low part of the range reported for other tropical montane rain forests. The throughfall data for this forest reveal generally low cycling rates for mineral elements. Abundant epiphytic bryophytes on bole bark affected the chemical composition of stemflow by selective uptake or release of elements. Relative to trees without epiphytic bryophytes, the annual amounts of total N, NH4+-N, Mg, Na and SO42--S were enhanced, while NO3--N, K, P and Ca were depleted in stemflow. Contributions of N from nitrogen-fixing organisms are likely to be constrained by low temperatures.

Acid rain and soils of the Adirondacks. I. Changes in pH and available calcium, 1930–1984

1994 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.H. Johnson ◽  
S.B. Andersen ◽  
T.G. Siccama
Keyword(s):  
Acid Rain ◽  
Soil Chemistry ◽  
Initial Conditions ◽  
Base Cation ◽  
Hydrogen Ion ◽  
Soil Profiles ◽  
Dilute Acid ◽  
Cation Leaching ◽  
Ca Uptake ◽  
Organic Horizons

Interest in acid rain effects led us to resample 48 Adirondack soil profiles that had been sampled by Carl C. Heimburger in 1930–1932. Changes in pH and dilute-acid-extractable Ca were detected in 1984, which differed by horizon and were dependent on initial conditions. Moderately acidic organic horizons (pH > 4.0) showed substantial decreases in pH and extractable Ca, while strongly acidic organic horizons (pH < 4.0) showed a significant reduction in extractable Ca without a reduction in pH. The E horizons appeared to lose extractable Ca, while the B and C horizons showed no evidence of acidification. A partial Ca budget for the ≥50-year interval for 16 sites in a mixed hardwood–softwood forest showed that Ca uptake was approximately equal to the loss of Ca from the soil, suggesting that this was a major cause of acidification. Acid-consuming processes apparently balanced acid additions in B and C horizons as no acidification was observed. While acid rain has increased hydrogen-ion loading and base-cation leaching, we did not find evidence of serious impacts on bulk soil chemistry in the Adirondacks through the mid-1980s.

The effect of organic acids on base cation leaching from the forest floor under six North American tree species

2001 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. A. Dijkstra ◽  
C. Geibe ◽  
S. Holmström ◽  
U. S. Lundström ◽  
N. Van Breemen
Keyword(s):  
Organic Acids ◽  
North American ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Forest Floor ◽  
Base Cation ◽  
Cation Leaching

Base cation leaching from the canopy of a subtropical rainforest in northeastern Taiwan

2001 ◽  
Vol 31 (7) ◽  
pp. 1156-1163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teng-Chiu Lin ◽  
Steven P Hamburg ◽  
Yue-Joe Hsia ◽  
Hen-Biau King ◽  
Lih-Jih Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Forest Canopy ◽  
Base Cations ◽  
Acid Precipitation ◽  
Base Cation ◽  
Subtropical Forest ◽  
Continuous Exposure ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Subtropical Forests ◽  
Cation Leaching ◽  
Temperate Deciduous Forests

We examined base cation leaching from the canopy of a subtropical rainforest in northeastern Taiwan. The forest is characterized by extremely low levels of base cations in both canopy vegetation and in the soils. The rates of canopy leaching of K+, Ca2+, and Mg2+ were very high, representing up to 30, 35, and 190%, respectively, of the amount stored in leaves. The rate of H+ retention in the canopy was close to the rate of base cation leaching, suggesting that cation leaching is neutralizing acid precipitation. The subtropical forest studied leached cations from the canopy throughout the year, unlike temperate deciduous forests, which are physiologically inert in the winter. The forest canopy of the subtropical forest we studied is impacted by acid deposition and fog throughout the winter because of frequent rainfall and high relative humidity. This continuous exposure to acid precipitation could cause more intense negative effects on the canopy of subtropical forests as compared with temperate forests exposed to similar pollution loads. We suggest that the low base status of subtropical forests growing on low base status soils may make them very vulnerable to the negative effects of air pollution.

scholarly journals The Fernow Watershed Acidification Study: Ecosystem Acidification, Nitrogen Saturation and Base Cation Leaching

2007 ◽  
Vol 7 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 267-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Beth Adams ◽  
James N. Kochenderfer ◽  
Pamela J. Edwards
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Saturation ◽  
Base Cation ◽  
Cation Leaching

Acidic atmospheric deposition and canopy interactions of adjacent deciduous and coniferous forests in the Georgia Piedmont

1993 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 1114-1124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosanna Cappellato ◽  
Norman E. Peters ◽  
Harvey L. Ragsdale
Keyword(s):  
Atmospheric Deposition ◽  
Deciduous Forest ◽  
Major Ions ◽  
Coniferous Forest ◽  
Base Cations ◽  
Base Cation ◽  
Coniferous Forests ◽  
Cation Leaching ◽  
Major Mechanism ◽  
Georgia Piedmont

The effects of acidic atmospheric deposition on leaching of base cations from the canopy and the origin of the major ions in throughfall and stemflow were evaluated in a 2-year study of adjacent deciduous and coniferous forests at Panola Mountain Research Watershed in the Georgia Piedmont. In each forest, the NO3− and SO42− in throughfall and stemflow were derived primarily from atmospheric deposition, whereas the base cations Ca2+, Mg2+, and K+ were derived primarily from canopy leaching. Acidic atmospheric deposition was partially neutralized in each forest. Exchange of H+ with base cations appeared to be the major mechanism for the neutralization of atmospheric acidity by the deciduous canopy. Major neutralization mechanisms could not be differentiated in the coniferous canopy. Base-cation leaching accounted for 86% of the base cations in throughfall and stemflow in the deciduous forest and 69% in the coniferous forest. Exchange with H+ accounted for about 30% of base cations in throughfall in the deciduous forest, whereas it could not be clearly estimated in coniferous throughfall. The current level of acidic atmospheric deposition is hypothesized to have caused an increased leaching of base cations of the deciduous canopy, but methods were insufficient to determine its effect on the coniferous canopy.

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