scholarly journals Health implications of housing, human waste disposal practices and water supply in Uyo, southern Nigeria

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 876
Author(s):  
EO Olorunsola ◽  
DU Adje
Author(s):  
Gerald Zirintunda ◽  
Justine Ekou

Poverty, hunger and the need for production of pigs with meagre or zero inputs have made most farmers release their pigs to range freely, thus creating a pig-human cycle that maintains Taenia solium, the pig tapeworm and cause of porcine cysticercosis, in the ecosystem. A preliminary study was designed to establish the prevalence of porcine cysticercosis by postmortem examination of the tongue and carcass of free-range pigs from February to April 2014 in Arapai subcounty, Soroti district, eastern Uganda. The tongue of each pig was extended and examined before deep incisions were made and the cut surfaces were examined. The rest of the carcasses were examined for cysts. Out of 178 pigs examined, 32 were qualitatively positive for porcine cysticercosis, representing a prevalence of 18.0%. This high prevalence represents a marked risk to the communities in the study area of neurocysticercosis, a debilitating parasitic zoonosis. Proper human waste disposal by use of pit latrines, confinement of free-range pigs and treatment with albendazole and oxfendazole are recommended.


2013 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 19-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret W. Andrews

Vancouver was unlike many nineteenth centry Canadian cities in that it readily undertook to provide reasonably extensive public health services — a city hospital, waste disposal and drainage, a modern water supply, and health inspection. Provision of those services got fairly under way in the city's first two years, at which time (as later), those interested in the city's growth, who directed public expenditure there as in most cities of the time, encouraged up-to-date public health services as signs of municipal progress likely to attract additional settlers and capital. Public expenditures relating to health were supported as attractants which augmented the city's natural climatic advantages.


Author(s):  
I. Rosas ◽  
C.F. Amábile-Cuevas ◽  
E. Calva ◽  
A.R. Osornio-Vargas

Author(s):  
I. Rosas ◽  
C.F. Amábile-Cuevas ◽  
E. Calva ◽  
A.R. Osornio-Vargas

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 2355
Author(s):  
Jéssica Mazutti Penso-Campos ◽  
Eduardo Périco ◽  
Eliane Fraga da Silveira

A negligência relacionada ao saneamento inadequado e à destinação incorreta de lixo tornam-se fatores que contribuem para a contaminação hídrica, assim como, a problemática da poluição ambiental é notória. O objetivo do estudo consistiu em analisar e estabelecer o grau de risco dos municípios do Rio Grande do Sul em relação à morbimortalidade humana associada ao saneamento, destinação do lixo e abastecimento e tratamento de água.A análise das áreas mais suscetíveis é relevante, uma vez que possibilita o planejamento e execução das ações emergentes, bem como, estratégias de promoção da saúde. Trata-se de um estudo quantitativo e ecológico, cuja unidade de análise caracteriza-se pelo conjunto de internações hospitalares e de óbitos, ocasionados pelas doenças de transmissão hídrica e alimentar (DTHA), em relação às condições de abastecimento e tratamento de água, condições sanitárias e de destinação de lixo.Para a análise, utilizou-se a correlação de Pearson, o Índice de Moran Global e a Interpolação Linear Simples. Como resultados mapas de distribuição espacial das variáveis e mapa final de suscetibilidade às DTHA foram organizados. Aponta-se associação significativa entre a destinação de fezes/urina em esgoto e, o consumo de água sem tratamento com os coeficientes de internação e de óbito pelas DTHA. Os resultados apresentam a escala do cálculo de risco, para as DTHA, em mapa temático. Existe associação entre a morbimortalidade com variáveis de saneamento, assim como a existência de municípios com grau máximo de suscetibilidade para as DTHA. Spatial analysis of human morbidity and mortality associated with sanitation, waste disposal, water supply and treatmentABSTRACTNeglect related to inadequate sanitation and improper disposal of waste become factors that contribute to water contamination, as well as the problem of environmental pollution is notorious. The objective of the study was to analyze and establish the degree of risk of the municipalities of Rio Grande do Sul in relation to human morbidity and mortality associated with sanitation, waste disposal and water supply and treatment. The analysis of the most susceptible areas is relevant, since it allows the planning and execution of the emergent actions, as well as health promotion strategies. This is a quantitative and socioenvironmental study, whose unit of analysis is characterized by the set of hospital admissions and deaths, caused by water and food transmission diseases (DTHA), in relation to water supply and treatment conditions, conditions sanitation and waste disposal. For the analysis, the Pearson correlation, the Moran Global Index and the Simple Linear Interpolation were used. As results spatial distribution maps of the variables and final map of susceptibility to DTHA were organized. A significant association between the use of feces / urine in sewage and the consumption of untreated water with the hospitalization and death coefficients by DTHA is indicated. The results show the scale of the risk calculation, for the DTHA, in the thematic map. There is an association between morbidity and mortality with sanitation variables, as well as the existence of municipalities with a maximum degree of susceptibility to DTHA.Keywords: water contamination, environmental pollution, water and food transmission diseases, environment and development, sustainability.


1972 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-37
Author(s):  
G.W. Heinke ◽  
B. Deans

Abstract The special problems of providing adequate water supply and waste disposal systems for arctic settlements are examined on hand of the community of Frobisher Bay, N.W.T. The two existing methods, a trucked and a piped system, are compared for adequacy, reliability and cost. A series of alternative improvements to upgrade community services are proposed. It was concluded that any of the suggested alternatives up to the level of complete piped services are feasible from engineering and economic considerations.


2020 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 62-67
Author(s):  
A.R. Dirisu

Shrimps remain an important source of proteins worldwide. The contamination of the environments with effluence such as from domestic, healthcare systems, industrial waste discharges and agricultural run-offs; are posing much danger to the consumption of shrimp diets by humans in particular. The ingestion of heavy metals from sediment and in water column is chiefly the source of contamination to the shrimps. This study was conducted quarterly and spanned from December, 2012 to May, 2014 with the objectives to determining the background levels of eight heavy metals in whole body mass of crustacean (Caridina africana and C. gabonesis) as well as in the sediments. Standard methods were employed in the sampling and analyses. The results obtained for heavy metals in sediments were in folds higher than what were obtained in the shrimps tissues. The mean range of concentrations of metals in the sediment across the stations were in the order; Zn (15.076-18.182 mg kg-1) > Cu (6.146 - 8.130 mg kg-1) > Pb (0.131-0.198 mg Kg-1) > Co (0.033-0.045mg kg-1) > Cr (0.017-0.028mg kg-1) > Cd (0.002-0.010mg kg-1) > Ni (0.003-0.008 mg kg-1) > V (0.001 mg kg-1). The values of heavy metals in shrimps as obtained in this study were far below the limit stipulated by Food and Agricultural Organisation (FAO) and have indeed confirmed the non-industrial waste disposal into the water bodies in Agbede-wetlands including Omodo River. Keywords: Analysis; Agbede; concentrations; ingestion; sediment; shrimps


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