scholarly journals Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection among Exposed Infants in Selected Primary Health-Care Facilities in Nigeria: A Retrospective Cohort Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aishat Bukola Usman ◽  
Esther Asekun-Olarinmoye
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Primary Health Care ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Early Infant Diagnosis ◽  
Paediatric Hiv ◽  
Primary Health ◽  
Early Infant ◽  
Hiv Exposed

BACKGROUND: Nigeria is the second largest country with paediatric HIV infections. Mother to Child transmission of HIV remains a major source of paediatric infection in Nigeria. This study was conducted to determine the outcomes of HIV exposed infants in selected Primary Health Care Centres.METHODS: A retrospective cohort study on HIV exposed infants between January 2015 to July 2016. A proforma was used to abstract information from clinic records on socio-demographics characteristics, ARV prophylaxis, mode of delivery, birth weight, infant prophylaxis, early infant diagnosis (EID), referral to ART. Descriptive and multivariate analysis was done to determine predictors of HIV infection among exposed infants.RESULTS: 170 exposed infants were recruited, and more than two-third of the infants were males (74.1%) with median age 4±3months ranging from (0 -11months). One hundred and fifty (88.2%) received infant prophylaxis and 116 (68.2%) had EID done at 6weeks. Of the 170 exposed infants 19(11.1%) were positive at 18months. Predictors of HIV infection were age of mothers ≥30years (Adjusted Odd’s Ratio = 2.5,95%CI 1.9 – 16.93), Vaginal tear (Adjusted OR= 2.7,95%CI 2.1- 19.21), infants whose maternal CD4 count < 500(Adjusted OR= 3.5,95%CI 1.7 -15.02) and infant received prophylaxis other than daily Nevirapine for 6weeks (Adjusted OR=3.0,95%CI 2.4-12.74).CONCLUSION: The positivity rate among studied exposed infants was high. Continuous placement of younger HIV positive mothers and exposed infants on recommended prophylaxis and timely early infant diagnosis will go a long way in reducing the burden of paediatric HIV.

Early Infant Diagnosis of HIV in Primary Health Care Centers

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-22
Author(s):  
John Akpan Markson
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Primary Health Care ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
The State ◽  
Early Infant Diagnosis ◽  
Southern State ◽  
Primary Health ◽  
Early Infant ◽  
Primary Health Care Centers ◽  
Health Care Centers

Background: Early diagnosis of HIV to identify infected children for early therapy is aimed at preventing high mortalities associated with child HIV infection. Early infant diagnosis (EID) intervention occurs across the three tiers of the Nigerian health care delivery system, including the primary health care centers (PHC). This study evaluates the implementation of early infant diagnosis of HIV in PHCs in a southern state of Nigeria. Methods: This was a cross-sectional descriptive study that took place between September and November 2019. Primary data were obtained from an interviewer-administered questionnaire on 120 health workers in six Local Government Areas (LGA) that were selected through a multi-stage, random sampling method. Secondary data were from the records of program implementation at the state headquarters of Ministry of Health and the PHCs. Results: A total of 116 (96.6%) health workers were interviewed; 17.2% were males, and 82.8% were females. More than two-thirds of respondents were aged between 41 and 60 years and 84.5% of them had worked in the PHC system for 11 years and above. Rural or urban location of the PHC, educational level of the health workers, and years of service in the PHC system did not have any significant effect on implementation of EID program in the health facilities. Implementation of EID program was ineffective in both rural and urban PHCs of Akwa Ibom state with the p-value of 0.337. In multiple regression analysis, access to EID program and provision of adequate supplies significantly affected implementation of the program with p = 0.001 and p = 0.000 respectively. Conclusion and Implication for Translation: The study indicates general ineffectiveness in the implementation of EID in a Southern State of Nigeria. There is need to improve access to EID services and provide needed supplies if the state, and by extension Nigeria, hopes to meet the target of joining the global community in ending HIV by 2030.   Copyright © 2021 Markson. Published by Global Health and Education Projects, Inc. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License CC BY 4.0.

Delayed seroreversion of specifical antibody against HIV in HIV‐exposed infants: A retrospective cohort study

HIV Medicine ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (11) ◽  
pp. 718-721
Author(s):  
A Liu ◽  
L Zhang ◽  
X Zhang ◽  
HW Zhang ◽  
YM Tian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Hiv Exposed Infants ◽  
Hiv Exposed

scholarly journals Cohort study of ageing from Bagé (SIGa-Bagé), Brazil: profile and methodology

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elaine Thumé ◽  
Marciane Kessler ◽  
Karla P. Machado ◽  
Bruno P. Nunes ◽  
Pamela M. Volz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Primary Health Care ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Cognitive Testing ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
Primary Health ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background The Bagé Cohort Study of Ageing is a population-based cohort study that has recently completed the first follow-up of a representative sample of older adults from Bagé, a city with more than 100,000 inhabitants located in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. This is one of the first longitudinal studies to assess the impact of primary health care coverage on health conditions and inequalities. Our aim is to investigate the prevalence, incidence and trends of risk factors, health behaviours, social relationships, non-communicable diseases, geriatric diseases and disorders, hospitalisation, self-perceived health, and all-cause and specific-cause mortality. In addition, we aim to evaluate socioeconomic and health inequalities and the impact of primary health care on the outcomes under study. Methods/design The study covers participants aged 60 or over, selected by probabilistic (representative) sampling of the urban area of the city of Bagé, which is covered by Primary Health Care Services. The baseline examination included 1593 older adults and was conducted from July 2008 to November 2008. After eight to nine years (2016/2017), the first follow-up was conducted from September 2016 to August 2017. All participants underwent an extensive core assessment programme including structured interviews, questionnaires, cognitive testing (baseline and follow-up), physical examinations and anthropometric measurements (follow-up). Results Of the original participants, 1395 (87.6%) were located for follow-up: 757 elderly individuals (47.5%) were re-interviewed, but losses in data transfer occurred for 22. The remaining 638 (40.1%) had died. In addition, we had 81 (5.1%) refusals and 117 (7.3%) losses. Among the 1373 older adults who were followed down, there was a higher proportion of female interviewees (p=0.042) and a higher proportion of male deaths (p=0.001) in 2016/2017. There were no differences in losses and refusals according to gender (p=0.102). There was a difference in average age between the interviewees (68.8 years; SD ±6.5) and non-interviewees (73.2 years; SD ±9.0) (p<0.001). Data are available at the Department of Social Medicine in Federal University of Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, for any collaboration.

scholarly journals Smoking Trends Among Adults With Behavioral Health Conditions in Integrated Health Care: A Retrospective Cohort Study

2016 ◽  
Vol 67 (9) ◽  
pp. 996-1003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelly C. Young-Wolff ◽  
Andrea H. Kline-Simon ◽  
Smita Das ◽  
Don J. Mordecai ◽  
Chris Miller-Rosales ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Behavioral Health ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Integrated Health Care ◽  
Health Conditions ◽  
Integrated Health ◽  
Smoking Trends
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