scholarly journals Comparative Morphology and Taxonomic Study of Chlorophytum sabiense And Two Other Species in the Genus Chlorophytum Ker-Gawl

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (8) ◽  
pp. 1395-1399
Author(s):  
B.S. Omokanye ◽  
O.T. Mustapha ◽  
A.D. Animasaun ◽  
S.O. Oyewole ◽  
O.S. Kolawole
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Size ◽  
Comparative Morphology ◽  
Taxonomic Study ◽  
North Central ◽  
Close Resemblance ◽  
The North ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
The Family ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Vegetative Characters

Chlorophytum sabiense Omok. (a newly identified species in the family Asparagaceae) is unique, having multiple styles emerging from fused ovaries. This specialized character may be overlooked in conjuring up archetype for the genus Chlorophytum, since the genus is characterized by single and simple style. Comparative morphology and taxonomic study of Chlorophytum sabiense and two other species in the genus (Chlorophytum macrophyllum and C. stenopetalum) was carried out to appraise level of relatedness of Chlorophytum. sabiense and these existing members. Distribution of the three species is sympatric in the North Central part of Nigeria. Chlorophytum sabiense may be confused with either of the two species because of the attributes they have in common. Samples collected were raised in a garden and closely observed for duration of three years. Data collected from morphological studies were analyzed statistically. The three species show similarity in most of the vegetative characters studied, however Chlorophytum sabiense is distinguished from the two others having; multiple styles, smaller fruit size and shorter length of pistil relative to the stamen. Exceptional characteristics exhibited by Chlorophytum sabiense makes it stand out among species in the genus, while its close resemblance with its allies accounts for reason why it had escaped recognition for a long time.

scholarly journals Re-Evaluation of Morphological Characters Questions Current Views of Pinniped Origins

2016 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 327-354 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. A. Koretsky ◽  
L. G. Barnes ◽  
S. J. Rahmat
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Morphology ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Critical Examination ◽  
Monophyletic Origin ◽  
Sea Lions ◽  
The North ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
Fur Seals ◽  
The Family

Abstract The origin of pinnipeds has been a contentious issue, with opposite sides debating monophyly or diphyly. This review uses evidence from the fossil record, combined with comparative morphology, molecular and cytogenetic investigations to evaluate the evolutionary history and phylogenetic relationships of living and fossil otarioid and phocoid pinnipeds. Molecular investigations support a monophyletic origin of pinnipeds, but disregard vital morphological data. Likewise, morphological studies support diphyly, but overlook molecular analyses. This review will demonstrate that a monophyletic origin of pinnipeds should not be completely accepted, as is the current ideology, and a diphyletic origin remains viable due to morphological and paleobiological analyses. Critical examination of certain characters, used by supporters of pinniped monophyly, reveals different polarities, variability, or simply convergence. The paleontological record and our morphological analysis of important characters supports a diphyletic origin of pinnipeds, with otarioids likely arising in the North Pacific from large, bear-like animals and phocids arising in the North Atlantic from smaller, otter-like ancestors. Although members of both groups are known by Late Oligocene time, each developed and invaded the aquatic environment separately from their much earlier, common arctoid ancestor. Therefore, we treat the superfamily Otarioidea as being monophyletic, including the families Enaliarctidae, Otariidae (fur seals/sea lions), Desmatophocidae, and Odobenidae (walruses and extinct relatives), and the superfamily Phocoidea as monophyletic, including only the family Phocidae, with four subfamilies (Devinophocinae, Phocinae, Monachinae, and Cystophorinae).

Enhanced Biodegradation of Herbicides in Soil and Effects on Weed Control

1987 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 341-349 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Gordon Harvey ◽  
J. H. Dekker ◽  
Richard S. Fawcett ◽  
Fred W. Roeth ◽  
Robert G. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Weed Species ◽  
North Central ◽  
Herbicide Degradation ◽  
Proso Millet ◽  
The North ◽  
Central United States ◽  
Enhanced Biodegradation ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Previously Treated ◽  
Repeated Use

Research conducted since 1979 in the north central United States and southern Canada demonstrated that after repeated annual applications of the same thiocarbamate herbicide to the same field, control of some difficult-to-control weed species was reduced. Laboratory studies of herbicide degradation in soils from these fields indicated that these performance failures were due to more rapid or “enhanced” biodegradation of the thiocarbamate herbicides after repeated use with a shorter period during which effective herbicide levels remained in the soils. Weeds such as wild proso millet [Panicum miliaceumL. spp.ruderale(Kitagawa) Tzevelev. #3PANMI] and shattercane [Sorghum bicolor(L.) Moench. # SORVU] which germinate over long time periods were most likely to escape these herbicides after repeated use. Adding dietholate (O,O-diethylO-phenyl phosphorothioate) to EPTC (S-ethyl dipropyl carbamothioate) reduced problems caused by enhanced EPTC biodegradation in soils treated previously with EPTC alone but not in soils previously treated with EPTC plus dietholate. While previous use of other thiocarbamate herbicides frequently enhanced biodegradation of EPTC or butylate [S-ethyl bis(2-methylpropyl)carbamothioate], previous use of other classes of herbicides or the insecticide carbofuran (2,3 -dihydro-2,2 -dimethyl-7-benzofuranyl methylcarbamate) did not. Enhanced biodegradation of herbicides other than the thiocarbamates was not observed.

Comparative morphology of extant raptorial Mantispoidea (Neuroptera: Mantispidae, Rhachiberothidae) suggests a non-monophyletic Mantispidae and a single origin of the raptorial condition within the superfamily

Zootaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4992 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-89
Author(s):  
ADRIAN ARDILA-CAMACHO ◽  
CALEB CALIFRE MARTINS ◽  
ULRIKE ASPÖCK ◽  
ATILANO CONTRERAS-RAMOS
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Comparative Morphology ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Sister Group Relationship ◽  
Wing Venation ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The Family ◽  
Evolutionary Context ◽  
New Interpretation

Adult external morphology of the extant raptorial Mantispoidea (Insecta: Neuroptera: Mantispidae and Rhachiberothidae) is compared emphasizing the morphology of the subfamily Symphrasinae as a key group to understand the phylogenetic relationships among the members of the superfamily. Plega dactylota Rehn, 1939 is thoroughly characterized in order to exemplify the morphology of the Symphrasinae. Additionally, following a review of the literature and examination of comparative material of Dilaridae, Berothidae, Rhachiberothidae and all Mantispidae subfamilies, a new interpretation of the components of the raptorial apparatus (i.e., head, prothorax, grasping forelegs, as well as integumentary specializations) is presented. Also, wing venation for these groups is reinterpreted, and new homology hypotheses for wing venation are proposed based on tracheation and comparative analyses. Given the high morphological divergence on the genital sclerites within the Mantispoidea, plus the confusing previous usage of neutral terminology and terms referring to appendages across taxonomic and morphological studies, we attempt to standardize, simplify, and situate terminology in an evolutionary context under the “gonocoxite concept” (multi-coxopod hypothesis). The remarkable morphological similarity of the genital sclerites of Symphrasinae and Rhachiberothidae (sensu U. Aspöck & Mansell 1994) with the Nallachinae (Dilaridae) was taken as a starting point to understand the morphology of other Mantispidae subfamilies. Based on these morphological comparisons, we provide a revised phylogenetic analysis of Mantispoidea. This new phylogenetic analysis supports a sister group relationship between the family Rhachiberothidae, comprising Rhachiberothinae and Symphrasinae, and the family Mantispidae, including the subfamily Mantispinae and its sister taxa Drepanicinae and Calomantispinae, which may represent a single subfamily. Based on these analyses, raptorial condition probably evolved a single time in these insects and subsequently became diversified in the two sister clades of the raptorial Mantispoidea.  

A new species of the asteroid genus Betelgeusia (Echinodermata) from methane seep settings, Late Cretaceous of South Dakota

2018 ◽  
Vol 92 (2) ◽  
pp. 196-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel B. Blake ◽  
William K. Halligan ◽  
Neal L. Larson
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
South Dakota ◽  
North Pacific Ocean ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Comparative Morphology ◽  
Molecular Study ◽  
Methane Seep ◽  
Crown Group ◽  
The North ◽  
The Family

AbstractBetelgeusia brezinai new species (Radiasteridae, Paxillosida, Asteroidea) is described from diversely fossiliferous Upper Cretaceous methane seep deposits of South Dakota. Asteroids are rare at modern chemosynthetic settings, although a hydrothermal vent occurrence is known, and two possible fossil methane seep occurrences have been reported. The Radiasteridae is important to the interpretation of crown-group asteroid phylogeny. Two extant genera are assigned to the family: Radiaster is known from relatively few but geographically widely dispersed largely deeper-water settings, and Gephyreaster is uncommon over a range of depths in the North Pacific Ocean. Jurassic and Cretaceous radiasterids have been described from geographically widely separated localities. In morphological-based phylogenetic analyses, the Radiasteridae has been assigned to the order Paxillosida, and Gephyreaster is similarly placed in a molecular evaluation; Radiaster has not yet been treated in a molecular study. In molecular treatment, an approximately traditional Paxillosida is a sister taxon to a significant part of the traditional Valvatida. Comparative morphology of Mesozoic and extant asteroids enables a hypothesis for a stemward, Mesozoic paxillosidan.

Molecular delineation of the Agave Red Worm Comadia redtenbacheri  (Lepidoptera: Cossidae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4375 (3) ◽  
pp. 358 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARÍA DEL ROSARIO CÁRDENAS-AQUINO ◽  
NORMA MARINA ALARCÓN-RODRÍGUEZ ◽  
MARIO RIVAS-MEDRANO ◽  
HÉCTOR GONZÁLEZ-HERNÁNDEZ ◽  
MATEO VARGAS-HERNÁNDEZ ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Maximum Likelihood ◽  
Coi Gene ◽  
Monophyletic Clade ◽  
North Central ◽  
East Central ◽  
Extraction Protocol ◽  
The North ◽  
South Central ◽  
The Family ◽  
Coi Sequences

Comadia redtenbacheri (Hammerschmidt) (Agave Red Worm) is the only member of the family Cossidae that has been described as a phytophagous specialist of the plant genus Agave, which is mainly distributed in México. A new extraction protocol adapted from Stewart & Via (1993) has been implemented for sequencing the COI gene from samples collected in five states of the North Central (Querétaro and Zacatecas), South Central (Estado de México) and East Central (Hidalgo and Tlaxcala) regions of México with the purpose of contributing to delineation of the species. A Maximum Likelihood (ML) tree based on these COI sequences as well as COI sequences from other Cossinae species was developed to complement the existing morphological and taxonomic approaches to delineation of this species. As expected, our Comadia samples cluster together within a monophyletic clade that includes four C. redtenbacheri sequences previously reported. This group seems to be consistent with our reconstruction, which is supported by a bootstrap value of over 99%. The closely related branches associated with the latter group include organisms known to be the plant and tree borers of the Cossinae subfamily. The COI sequences from our samples were analyzed to determine the percentage of identity among the C. redtenbacheri in a first attempt to detect differences in the sequence that matches a particular region of México.

Fossil evidence for the origin of behavioral strategies in early Miocene Castoridae, and their role in the evolution of the family

Paleobiology ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 507-513 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marguerite Hugueney ◽  
François Escuillié
Keyword(s):  
Parental Care ◽  
North American ◽  
Early Miocene ◽  
Behavioral Strategies ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
European Beaver ◽  
The North ◽  
Strategy Model ◽  
The Family ◽  
Long Time

Steneofiber, an early Miocene European beaver, showed evidence of a K-strategy model of reproduction and important morphological modifications for better adaptation to a semiaquatic way of life. At the same time, a North American branch of Castoridae developed not only a parental care system but also a series of cranial and postcranial osteological adaptations to a burrowing way of life. As the North American and the European Castoridae evolved independently from each other for at least fifteen m.y., these behavioral trends seem to have been inherent in the family for a long time and have apparently promoted, up to the present time, the spread of semiaquatic forms on the two continents; on the contrary, the burrowing branch of the Castoridae rapidly vanished.

scholarly journals XIII. On the height of the Aurora borealis above the surface of the earth; particularly one seen on the 29th of March, 1826

1828 ◽  
Vol 118 ◽  
pp. 291-302 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Western Hemisphere ◽  
Interesting Phenomenon ◽  
Aurora Borealis ◽  
The North ◽  
The Family ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The One ◽  
Magnetic Meridian ◽  
North Western

Apprethending that the Royal Society will favourably receive accounts that have a direct tendency to determine the height of that interesting phenomenon, the Aurora borealis, I have been induced to transmit some observations that were made upon a very remarkable one, which appeared in the evening of the 29th of March, 1826. From some recent observations, an opinion seems to be entertained by some writers, that the aurora is not so high as has generally been estimated; but it is only from facts and observations such as the following, I conceive, that any near approximation to the true height can be obtained. The aurora borealis above mentioned, was of a kind very rarely occurring. It assumed the appearance of a rainbow-like arch, stretching across the midheaven, at right angles to the magnetic meridian. It was subject to very little change of position for an hour or more, and therefore afforded time to observe the angle of its elevation above the horizon. In the period of five years observations at Kendal formerly, above one hundred appearances of the aurora occurred to me, and only one of the kind just described. I had not an opportunity of seeing the one which is the subject of this paper, but it was seen here (at Manchester) by a friend of mine about 9 o’clock on his returning home from a visit to me. He did not indeed observe the luminous arch, either from its having vanished, or from the obscurity of our atmosphere; but he remarked some beams or corruscations in the north-western hemisphere, of a low altitude; and not having seen an aurora for a long time, he induced the family at home to go out and catch a glimpse of the phænomenon, now much more rarely seen than formerly.

scholarly journals Two Complete Mitochondrial Genomes From Leuctridae (Plecoptera: Nemouroidea): Implications for the Phylogenetic Relationships Among Stoneflies

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinjun Cao ◽  
Ying Wang ◽  
Xuan Guo ◽  
Guoquan Wang ◽  
Weihai Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Mitochondrial Genomes ◽  
Protein Coding ◽  
Protein Coding Genes ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
Maximum Likelihood Tree ◽  
The Family ◽  
Family Level ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Complete Mitochondrial Genomes

Abstract The family-level relationships within Plecoptera have been a focused area of research for a long time. Its higher classification remains unstable, and the phylogenetic relationships within Plecoptera should be re-examined. Here, we sequenced and analyzed two complete mitochondrial genomes (mitogenomes) of Paraleuctra cercia and Perlomyia isobeae of the family Leuctridae. We reconstructed the phylogeny of Plecoptera based on 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs) from published stoneflies. Our results showed that the Bayesian inference and maximum-likelihood tree had similar topological structures except for the positions of two families, Peltoperlidae and Scopuridae. The Plecoptera is divided into two clades, the suborder Antarctoperlaria and the suborder Arctoperlaria. The two suborders subsequently formed two groups, Eusthenioidea and Gripopterygoidea, and Euholognatha and Systellognatha, which is consistent with the results of morphological studies. In addition, the Leuctridae is the earliest branch within the superfamily Nemouroidea. But the monophyly of Perloidea and Pteronarcyoidea are still not well supported.

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