scholarly journals Lipid ratios in adriamycin-induced pre-eclamptic Wistar rats exposed to methanolic plant extracts

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 1617-1623
Author(s):  
K. Atoe ◽  
M. Idu ◽  
B. Ikhajiagbe ◽  
A.G. Bakre
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
The Third ◽  
Lipid Ratios

The study accessed the lipid ratios in preeclamptic Wistar rats exposed to methanolic leaf extracts of Jatropha cacus, Alchonnea cordifolia, and Secamone afzelii. Plant samples (leaves) were washed severally with distilled water, air-dried, and crushed to powder and were filtered, then soaked in 200ml of methanol for 12 hours. The LD50 was determined to ascertain the safety of the plant extracts for use. Female Wistar rats, aged 3 days apart, used in the study, were acclimatized for one week. Peeclampsia was induced used the Adriamycin Model. Results showed that there was elevation of blood pressure (bp) due to preeclampsia. At 3rd trimester, systolic bp (177 mmHg) was higher than at postpartum (160 mmHg). The administration of plant extracts caused a significant reduction in systolic (127 – 150 mmHg) and diastolic (86 – 103 mmHg) bp during the 3rd trimester.  Proteinuria was reduced to trace levels when Alchonnea cordifolia was used. Total cholesterol levels were higher in the third trimester (71.6 mg/dl) and postpartum (74.3 mg/dl), respectively. Preeclampsia was linked to similar increases in triglycerides, and low density lipoprotein cholesterol; with a reduction in high density lipoprotein cholesterol. The treatment with the various plant extracts lowered the incidence of arteriosclerotic cardiovascular events during preeclampsia. Although the extracts had a negative effect on systolic blood pressure and proteinuria during the third trimester, indicating that they were beneficial in reducing preeclampsia outcomes, there was no effect on blood pressure or proteinuria during the postpartum period.

scholarly journals Comparative effects of ethanol leaf and stem bark extracts of Irvingia gabonensis (BUSH MANGO) on sodium arsenite-induced lipid profile perturbtions in wistar rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Efosa Godwin Ewere ◽  
Ngozi Paulinus Okolie ◽  
Erhunmwunsee Dalton Avan ◽  
Patience Edet Umoh
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Sodium Arsenite ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Irvingia Gabonensis

Abstract Background Exposure to arsenic orchestrates a myriad of noxious health effects, including cancer. Different parts of Irvingia gabonensis are used as herbal remedies in traditional medicine. In this study, the comparative effects of the ethanol leaf (ELEIG) and stem bark extracts (ESEIG) of Irvingia gabonensis on sodium arsenite (SA)-induced lipid profile disturbances in Wistar rats were investigated. Methods Fifty five Wistar rats weighing between 100 g and 179 g were distributed into eleven groups (n=5). Group 1 (control) received feed and water ad libitum. Group 2 received SA at a dose of 4.1 mg/kg body weight (kgbw) for 14 days. Groups 3–11 were treated with the extracts with or without SA. Treatment was done by oral intubation for 14 days. Serum concentrations of total cholesterol (TC), triacylglycerol (TAG), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), very low density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-c), total lipids (TL) and atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) were used to determine the lipid profile effects of the extracts. Results Exposure to SA caused significant (p ˂ 0.05) increases in all assayed parameters, relative to control. Post-treatment and simultaneous treatment with ELEIG and ESEIG mitigated the effects of SA. In addition, ELEIG alone at various doses produced results comparable with control values. However, ESEIG alone caused significant (p ˂ 0.05) increases in all assayed parameters, relative to control. Conclusion These results show that ELEIG and ESEIG ameliorate SA-induced lipid profile disturbances in Wistar rats. However, long-term administration of ESEIG alone may be discouraged.

scholarly journals Age at period cessation and trajectories of cardiovascular risk factors across mid and later life

Heart ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 106 (7) ◽  
pp. 499-505 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda Marie O'Keeffe ◽  
Diana Kuh ◽  
Abigail Fraser ◽  
Laura D Howe ◽  
Debbie Lawlor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Glycated Haemoglobin ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
The Impact

ObjectiveTo examine the association between age at period cessation and trajectories of anthropometry, blood pressure, lipids and glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) from midlife to age 69 years.MethodsWe used data from the UK Medical Research Council National Survey of Health and Development to examine the association between age at period cessation and trajectories of systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) from 36 to 69 years and trajectories of triglyceride, low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and HbA1c from 53 to 69 years.ResultsWe found no evidence that age at period cessation was associated with trajectories of log triglyceride, LDL-C and HDL-C from 53 to 69 years and trajectories of SBP or DBP from 36 to 69 years, regardless of whether period cessation occurred naturally or due to hysterectomy. While we found some evidence of associations of age at period cessation with log BMI, log WC and log HbA1c, patterns were not consistent and differences were small at age 69 years, with confidence intervals that spanned the null value.ConclusionHow and when women experience period cessation is unlikely to adversely affect conventional cardiovascular risk factors across mid and later life. Women and clinicians concerned about the impact of type and timing of period cessation on conventional cardiovascular intermediates from midlife should be reassured that the impact over the long term is small.

scholarly journals Lifestyle and impact on cardiovascular risk factor control in coronary patients across 27 countries: Results from the European Society of Cardiology ESC-EORP EUROASPIRE V registry

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (8) ◽  
pp. 824-835 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kornelia Kotseva ◽  
Guy De Backer ◽  
Dirk De Bacquer ◽  
Lars Rydén ◽  
Arno Hoes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Cardiovascular Prevention ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Coronary Patients

Aims The aim of this study was to determine whether the Joint European Societies guidelines on secondary cardiovascular prevention are followed in everyday practice. Design A cross-sectional ESC-EORP survey (EUROASPIRE V) at 131 centres in 81 regions in 27 countries. Methods Patients (<80 years old) with verified coronary artery events or interventions were interviewed and examined ≥6 months later. Results A total of 8261 patients (females 26%) were interviewed. Nineteen per cent smoked and 55% of them were persistent smokers, 38% were obese (body mass index ≥30 kg/m2), 59% were centrally obese (waist circumference: men ≥102 cm; women ≥88 cm) while 66% were physically active <30 min 5 times/week. Forty-two per cent had a blood pressure ≥140/90 mmHg (≥140/85 if diabetic), 71% had low-density lipoprotein cholesterol ≥1.8 mmol/L (≥70 mg/dL) and 29% reported having diabetes. Cardioprotective medication was: anti-platelets 93%, beta-blockers 81%, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin receptor blockers 75% and statins 80%. Conclusion A large majority of coronary patients have unhealthy lifestyles in terms of smoking, diet and sedentary behaviour, which adversely impacts major cardiovascular risk factors. A majority did not achieve their blood pressure, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and glucose targets. Cardiovascular prevention requires modern preventive cardiology programmes delivered by interdisciplinary teams of healthcare professionals addressing all aspects of lifestyle and risk factor management, in order to reduce the risk of recurrent cardiovascular events.

scholarly journals The association of nadir CD4-T cell count and endothelial dysfunction in a healthy HIV cohort without major cardiovascular risk factors

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 205031212092489
Author(s):  
Emad Mogadam ◽  
Kevin King ◽  
Kimberly Shriner ◽  
Karen Chu ◽  
Anders Sondergaard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Endothelial Dysfunction ◽  
Vascular Reactivity ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Reactivity Index ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol

Objectives: HIV-infected population may have increased risk of cardiovascular disease. The prevalence of traditional cardiovascular disease risk factors such as hypertension, diabetes and dyslipidemia in HIV-infected individuals has made it difficult to assess the direct effects of HIV and immune factors on endothelial dysfunction and associated increased risk of atherosclerosis. The purpose of this study was to investigate indicators of endothelial dysfunction in an HIV cohort without hypertension and diabetes. Methods: We studied 19 HIV-infected patients between the ages of 25–76 years old with effectively suppressed viral load and without diagnosis of hypertension or diabetes. Endothelial function was measured by digital thermal monitoring of vascular reactivity using the VENDYS technique. Endothelial function was reported as vascular reactivity index. Systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure at the time of VENDYS test were measured and latest lipid panels were recorded. The association between vascular reactivity index and CD4-T cells count, different antiretroviral therapy types (non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase, nucleoside reverse transcriptase, protease inhibitors, integrase inhibitors), vitamins use, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol was investigated. Results: Mean vascular reactivity index was 1.87 ± 0.53. Vascular reactivity index, marker of endothelial dysfunction, showed a significant correlation with lower nadir CD4 count (p = 0.003) as well as low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (p = 0.02). No additional significant correlation between vascular reactivity index and the rest of the investigated variables was found. Conclusion: Vascular reactivity index, a clinical predictor of endothelial dysfunction, is associated with lower nadir CD4-T cell and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in HIV-infected men with no history of hypertension or diabetes and before clinical evidence of cardiovascular disease.

scholarly journals Cardiometabolic risk factors are associated with immune cell mitochondrial respiration in humans

2020 ◽  
Vol 319 (2) ◽  
pp. H481-H487
Author(s):  
Theodore M. DeConne ◽  
Eric R. Muñoz ◽  
Faria Sanjana ◽  
Joshua C. Hobson ◽  
Christopher R. Martens
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Mitochondrial Respiration ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol

Independent of other cardiometabolic risk factors, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and systolic blood pressure were found to be negatively associated with several parameters of mitochondrial respiration in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of healthy adults. These data suggest that low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and systolic blood pressure may induce metabolic reprogramming of immune cells, contributing to increased cardiovascular disease risk and impaired immune health.

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