Biochemical and haematological changes following an acute toxicity study of a hydro-ethanolic whole plant extract of Synedrella nodiflora (L) Gaertn in male Sprague-Dawley rats

There are evidences that free radicals mediated damages play important role in the aetiology of several diseases necessitating search for antioxidants especially from natural origin. Free radical scavenging activities of Laportea aestuans (Urticaceae) is well documented, therefore this study aims at evaluating the safety of L. aestuans and isolating free radical scavenging compound(s) from the plant extract. The aerial (leaves, stem and inflorescence) parts of L. aestuans were collected together and extracted with 80% methanol. The toxicity of the plant extract was evaluated using brine shrimp lethality assay and acute toxicity study while Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) bioautography with 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl radical (DPPH•) radical as detection reagent was used to guide the isolation of compounds from the plant extract. The LC50 of L. aestuans extract was 4276.87 µg/mL, suggesting that the extract is nontoxic. This was further confirmed by the healthiness of study rats following administration of the extract at 5000 mg/kg b.wt in the acute toxicity study. TLC bioautography showed that hexane fraction had the most pronounced radical scavenging activities. Three compounds identified as hexadecanoic acid butyl ester, heptadecanoic and octadecane were characterized using IR, 1H, 13C NMR, ESI – MS and GC – MS analysis.

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Gastroprotective Effects of Lion’s Mane MushroomHericium erinaceus(Bull.:Fr.) Pers. (Aphyllophoromycetideae) Extract against Ethanol-Induced Ulcer in Rats

Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine ◽

10.1155/2013/492976 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2013 ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 29

Author(s):

Jing-Yang Wong ◽

Mahmood Ameen Abdulla ◽

Jegadeesh Raman ◽

Chia-Wei Phan ◽

Umah Rani Kuppusamy ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Acute Toxicity ◽

Aqueous Extract ◽

Gastric Wall ◽

Toxicity Study ◽

Control Group ◽

High Dose ◽

Sprague Dawley ◽

Bax Protein ◽

Acute Toxicity Study

Hericium erinaceusis a famous tonic in oriental medicine. The gastroprotective effects of aqueous extract ofH. erinaceusagainst ethanol-induced ulcers inSprague Dawleyrats were investigated. The possible involvements of lipid peroxidation, superoxide dismutase, and catalase were also investigated. Acute toxicity study was performed. The effects of aqueous extract ofH. erinaceuson the ulcer areas, ulcer inhibition, gastric wall mucus, gross and histological gastric lesions, antioxidant levels, and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents were evaluated in ethanol-induced ulcerin vivo. In acute toxicity study, a high dose of 5 g/kg did not manifest any toxicological signs in rats. The extract promoted ulcer protection as ascertained by a significant reduction of the ulcer area. Furthermore, it exhibited a significant protection activity against gastric mucosal injury by preventing the depletion of antioxidant enzymes. The level of MDA was also limited in rat stomach tissues when compared with the ulcer control group. Immunohistochemistry showed upregulation of HSP70 protein and downregulation of BAX protein in rats pretreated with the extract. The aqueous extract ofH. erinaceusprotected gastric mucosa in ourin vivomodel. It is speculated that the bioactive compounds present in the extract may play a major role in gastroprotective activity.

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Hepatoprotective effect of Helicanthus elastica

Bangladesh Journal of Pharmacology ◽

10.3329/bjp.v11i2.26149 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 525 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

K.N. Sunil Kumar ◽

R. Rajakrishnan ◽

J. Thomas ◽

G. Aadinaath Reddy

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Acute Toxicity ◽

Dose Level ◽

Video Clip ◽

Ethanolic Extract ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Toxicity Study ◽

Oral Toxicity ◽

Acute Toxicity Study ◽

Whole Plant

Search for medicinal plants to treat liver disorders is an important research topic on herbs. Acute toxicity study is a prerequisite for safety and dose fixation for further pharmacological actions. In the present study, aqueous and 95% ethanolic extract of whole plant of Helicanthus elastica were subjected to acute oral toxicity. The aqueous and ethanolic extract revealed no observable changes in the rats up to the dose level of 2,000 mg /kg body weight. The extracts were then screened for paracetamol-induced hepatic injury at dose levels of 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight (1/10 and 1/5 LD50 based on toxicity study). The aqueous extract of whole plant of H. elastica was found to produce significant (p<0.05) reversal of the paracetamol-induced changes in the measured biochemical and histopathological parameters at lower dose of 200 mg/kg which was found to be better than ethanol extract at the same dose level.Video Clip:<a href="https://www.youtube.com/v/cO6HI1Kikxs">Acute toxicity study and others:</a> 5 min 38 sec

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Toxicological evaluation of an antilithiatic polyherbal Siddha formulation-Sirupeellai Samoola Kudineer in experimental rats

Human & Experimental Toxicology ◽

10.1177/0960327110384522 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 30 (8) ◽

pp. 952-964 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

V. Gayathri ◽

V. Muthulakshmi ◽

C. Chandronitha ◽

M. Vasanthkumar ◽

G. Ramakrishnan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Morphological Changes ◽

Toxicity Study ◽

High Dose ◽

Gamma Glutamyl Transferase ◽

Sprague Dawley ◽

Toxicological Evaluation ◽

Subacute Toxicity ◽

Sprague Dawley Rats ◽

Haematological Changes ◽

Glutamyl Transferase

Sirupeellai samoola kudineer (SK), a polyherbal decoction, has been used in Siddha system of medicine for the management of Urolithiasis. Since, there exists no documentation of preclinical toxicological evaluation of SK earlier, in the present study, acute and subacute toxicity of SK was assessed in Sprague Dawley rats as per OECD guideline 423 and 407, respectively. In the acute toxicity study, SK did not produce any toxic signs at a dose level of 50 ml/kg b.wt/p.o. Three doses of SK (4.5, 9.0, 18.0 ml/kg b.wt) were administered and observed for various behavioral, physiological, biochemical, and haematological changes for 28 days in the subacute toxicity study. Low and mid dose of SK (4.5 and 9.0 ml/kg b.wt) did not exhibit any significant physiological and haematological alterations. Whereas, high dose (18.0 ml/kg bw) treatment exhibited significant changes in creatinine, gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT) and acid phosphatase (ACP) levels in serum. Further, histopathological examinations of brain, heart, liver, kidney and sex organs revealed normal architecture signifying no morphological changes upto a dose of 9.0 ml/kg. However, 18.0 ml/kg of SK administration showed few histopathological changes as compared to the control. Based on these results, it can be concluded that Sirupeellai samoola kudineer is safe and non-toxic upto 9.0 ml/kg for 28 days in experimental rats.

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