scholarly journals Molecular characterization of fungi associated with stored soybean (Glycine max L) seeds

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 27-32
Author(s):  
C.G. Ikechi-Nwogu ◽  
F.C. Okene
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Local Alignment ◽  
Post Harvest ◽  
High Quality Protein ◽  
Search Tool ◽  
Food And Feed ◽  
Glycine Max L

Soybean is an important legume that has high quality protein and oil for food and feed. Despite the importance of this legume, the crop is affected by several post-harvest diseases caused by fungi. A study was carried out to identify the fungal species associated with the seeds of soybean using molecular techniques. The DNA of the isolate, was molecularly characterized using Internal Transcribed Spacer 1 (ITS-1) molecular marker. The isolate DNA sequence, was aligned using the Basic Local Alignment Search Tool for nucleotide (BLASTN) 2.8.0 version of the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) database. The results showed that the isolate sequence was 98% identical to Diaporthe spp. Voucher VP51, 98% identical to Diaporthe schini isolate L5N71 and 98% identical to Diaporthe schini strain B125. These findings showed that Diaporthe spp. is one of the causal fungal pathogens of post-harvest diseases of soybean seeds. It is anticipated that these results will provide information on culturing Diaporthe species also provide the basis for further study to show their antibiotic and anti-cancerous, enzymes and secondary metabolites producing ability. Keywords: Soybean, Diaporthe schini and RBCL marker

scholarly journals Isolation and Identification of Fungi Associated with Habanero Pepper (Capsicum chinense jacq) Using Basic Molecular Techniques

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (7) ◽  
pp. 1121-1125
Author(s):  
G.C. Ikechi-Nwogu ◽  
A.B. Odogwu ◽  
J. Ukomadu ◽  
E.P. Usiakponebro
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Local Alignment ◽  
Capsicum Chinense ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Post Harvest ◽  
Habanero Pepper ◽  
Mucor Irregularis ◽  
Identification Of Fungi ◽  
Rhizomucor Variabilis

Habanero pepper (Capsicum chinense Jacq.) is an economically important vegetable. It is used as spices for foods and for medicinal purposes in many parts of the country. Despite the importance of the crop, it has been observed that during storage, the fruits of the Habanero pepper (HP) shelf-life is reduced by several post-harvest diseases caused by fungal pathogens. A study was conducted to identify the common fungal pathogens causing post-harvest rot of Habanero fruits at the daily market in Omoko Aluu Town, Rivers State. The DNA of the most common fungal isolate HP-02 was molecularly characterized using Internal Transcribed Spacer 1 (ITS-1) molecular marker. The HP-02 isolate DNA sequence was aligned using the Basic Local Alignment Search Tool for nucleotide (BLASTN) 2.8.0 version of the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) database. The results indicated that the HP-02 isolate sequence was 79% identical to Mucor irregularis and also Rhizomucor viriabilis isolate SAPB3. These findings showed that Mucor irregularis, which was formerly known as Rhizomucor variabilis is one of the emerging causal fungal pathogens of post-harvest Habanero pepper.

scholarly journals Molecular Characterization of Post Harvest Fungus Associated with Spoilt Broccoli

2021 ◽  
pp. 47-51
Author(s):  
Ikechi – Nwogu, Chinyerum Gloria ◽  
B. A. Odogwu ◽  
O. G. Obiakoeze
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Sequence Similarity ◽  
Local Alignment ◽  
Control Approach ◽  
Post Harvest ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
Search Tool ◽  
Fungal Organisms ◽  
Post Harvest Deterioration

Broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica) is a nutritional vegetable that looks like a small tree. Despite the fact that it is extensively loaded with arrays of vitamins, minerals, fiber and antioxidants, it has been observed that it has a short lifespan of not more than 2-5 days due to post-harvest deterioration. A study was conducted to isolate and identify the common fungal pathogens causing post-harvest deterioration of broccoli crown. Diseased broccoli crowns were collected from Ogunabali Fruit Garden Market in D-Line, Port Harcourt Local Government Area of Rivers State. Fungal isolates were collected and morphologically identified. The DNA of the most common fungal isolate, BC-3B was molecularly characterized using Internal Transcribed Spacer 4 and 5 (ITS-4 and 5) molecular markers. The morphological studies revealed that the BC-3B isolate was an Aspergillus niger. The BC-3B isolate DNA sequence was aligned using Basic Local Alignment Search Tool for Nucleotide (BLASTN) 2.8.0 version of National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) database. The molecular weight of the DNA of the isolates was over 600base pairs. Based on sequence similarity, it was observed that the broccoli isolate BC-3B was 93% identical to Aspergillus niger. From the above results, these findings showed that Aspergillus niger is the causal fungal pathogen of post-harvest rot of broccoli. Phylogenetic tree was constructed to access the relationship between the isolates obtained from this study. This study has provided information on some of the fungal organisms found in broccoli. It is anticipated that this result will provide information for disease control approach for alleviating the post-harvest losses of broccoli caused by Aspergillus niger and provide a foundation for further study of possible harm of consuming diseased broccoli.

scholarly journals Incidence and characterization of Fusarium species in crown rot of bananas

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Kumindra Devrajh Ramsunder
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
Health Effects ◽  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Crown Rot ◽  
Post Harvest ◽  
Adverse Health Effects ◽  
Adverse Health ◽  
Economic Significance

Fusarium species produce toxic mycotoxins that are known to exert adverse health effects in humans and animals. No attempts have been made to establish mycotoxin-producing capabilities of isolates of Fusarium species from bananas exhibiting symptoms of crown rot. Crown rot is one of the most serious post harvest problems in banana and the disease is caused by different fungal species, principally Fusarium species. Banana, which is of great economic significance in growing countries (i.e. Costa Rica, Cameroon, Ecuador) is seriously affected by crown rot and is a major cause of fruit loss

scholarly journals Benzyl and Phenyl Glucosinolates Are Metabolized by the Specific Plant Pathogen Alternaria Brassicicola but Not by the Generalist Fungal Pathogens Rhizoctonia Solani or Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Soledade C. Pedras ◽  
Chintamani Thapa ◽  
Sajjad Hossain
Keyword(s):  
Carboxylic Acid ◽  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽  
Plant Pathogen ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Spectroscopic Characterization ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Alternaria Brassicicola ◽  
Metabolic Products

The metabolism of benzyl and phenyl glucosinolates by three phytopathogenic fungal species is investigated and established that <i>A. brassicicola </i>metabolized intact benzyl and phenyl glucosinolates and the corresponding desulfo derivatives. Syntheses and spectroscopic characterization of benzyl and phenyl desulfo-glucosinolates are reported. Phenylacetonitrile and benzylisothiocyanate are the first metabolic products of benzyl glucosinolate; benzyl isothiocyanate is further metabolized to 3-benzyl-2-thioxo-2,3-dihydrothiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid.

scholarly journals The Use of Galleria mellonella Larvae to Identify Novel Antimicrobial Agents against Fungal Species of Medical Interest

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Kavanagh ◽  
Gerard Sheehan
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Galleria Mellonella ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Antifungal Drugs ◽  
Immune Priming ◽  
Greater Wax Moth

The immune system of insects and the innate immune response of mammals share many similarities and, as a result, insects may be used to assess the virulence of fungal pathogens and give results similar to those from mammals. Larvae of the greater wax moth Galleria mellonella are widely used in this capacity and also for assessing the toxicity and in vivo efficacy of antifungal drugs. G. mellonella larvae are easy to use, inexpensive to purchase and house, and have none of the legal/ethical restrictions that are associated with use of mammals. Larvae may be inoculated by intra-hemocoel injection or by force-feeding. Larvae can be used to assess the in vivo toxicity of antifungal drugs using a variety of cellular, proteomic, and molecular techniques. Larvae have also been used to identify the optimum combinations of antifungal drugs for use in the treatment of recalcitrant fungal infections in mammals. The introduction of foreign material into the hemocoel of larvae can induce an immune priming effect which may operate independently with the activity of the antifungal drug. Procedures to identify this effect and limit its action are required.

scholarly journals Botryosphaeria Tree Fungal Pathogens and Their Diversity

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. ACCEPTED
Author(s):  
Wendu A. Darge ◽  
Samuel S. Woldemariam
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Its Region ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Nutrient Deficiencies ◽  
Morphological Findings ◽  
Optimal Health ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
Host Tree Species

The genus Botryosphaeria identified in 1863 as saprophytes of dead tissue of woody plants have been described as pathogens of economically important plantation trees in agriculture and native forests. The genus is a species-rich, worldwide distributed occurring on diverse host ranges. Species of the Botryosphaeria are reported as the pathogens of many plantation trees, including species of Acacia, Eucalyptus, and Pinus causing canker and rapid dieback diseases which often end up in death. Botryosphaeria fungal pathogens have cross pathogenicity on different host tree species which enables them important and focus area of research. The taxonomy of Botryosphaeria spp. have been under research, identification of these fungi has generally been based on morphological features of the anamorph that usually seen under the microscope. Characters that are used to classify genera in the Botryosphaeria have mostly relied on the macroscopic features of the ascospores and the conidial features. Currently, molecular techniques such as DNA sequencing involving amplification of ITS region are important for exact identification of the genera to species level. Recent molecular, phylogenetic and morphological findings showed that order Botryosphaeriales is diverse consisting nine families and 33 genera with 23 genera only in the family Botryosphaeriaceae. Botryosphaeria spp. are naturally endophytes associated with tree plants known to cause monocyclic or polycyclic diseases resulting in polyetic epidemics. The factor that makes plants more prone to Botryosphaeria fungal species is assumed to be stress or wounding associated with the host plants. Global climate change driven drought is an important factor that initiate stress resulting in nutrient deficiencies. Botryosphaeria fungal tree diseases can be best managed by ensuring plants are in optimal health through appropriate integration of cultural, silvicultural and fungicidal applications to effectively prevent and control the diseases.

scholarly journals rDNA based analysis of autochtonous fungal species from Serbia

Genetika ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-42
Author(s):  
Eleonora Capelja ◽  
Nevena Stevic ◽  
Vladislava Galovic ◽  
Milana Novakovic ◽  
Maja Karaman
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Tree ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Its Sequences ◽  
Local Alignment ◽  
Phylogenetic Species Concept ◽  
Morphological Approach ◽  
Search Tool ◽  
Morphological And Molecular Data

Determination of fungal species by traditional morphological approach can often be problematic. In the phylum Basidiomycota, sporocarps of different species can share very similar morphoanatomical characteristics. Using molecular markers and phylogenetic species concept this problem can be reduced. In this study identification of six autochtonous fungal species, collected from several locations in Serbia (Tara, Kopaonik, Stara planina) was done by comparison between morphological and molecular data of fungal species, as well as information obtained from phylogenetic tree. ITS sequences amplified from 11 specimens of two genera of ph. Basidiomycota: Marasmius and Ganoderma, were compared with ITS sequences from database using basic local alignment search tool (BLAST). Phylogenetic tree was constructed using Neighbor joining method based on differences between analyzed ITS sequences. Our results showed that within genera Marasmius and Ganoderma morphological and molecular determinations are usually in accordance, but for proper species delimitation both approaches should be used.

scholarly journals Benzyl and Phenyl Glucosinolates Are Metabolized by the Specific Plant Pathogen Alternaria Brassicicola but Not by the Generalist Fungal Pathogens Rhizoctonia Solani or Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Soledade C. Pedras ◽  
Chintamani Thapa ◽  
Sajjad Hossain
Keyword(s):  
Carboxylic Acid ◽  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽  
Plant Pathogen ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Spectroscopic Characterization ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Alternaria Brassicicola ◽  
Metabolic Products

The metabolism of benzyl and phenyl glucosinolates by three phytopathogenic fungal species is investigated and established that <i>A. brassicicola </i>metabolized intact benzyl and phenyl glucosinolates and the corresponding desulfo derivatives. Syntheses and spectroscopic characterization of benzyl and phenyl desulfo-glucosinolates are reported. Phenylacetonitrile and benzylisothiocyanate are the first metabolic products of benzyl glucosinolate; benzyl isothiocyanate is further metabolized to 3-benzyl-2-thioxo-2,3-dihydrothiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid.

scholarly journals Molecular identification of Bradyrhizobium japonicum strains isolated from root nodules of soybean (Glycine max L.)

2017 ◽  
pp. 49-56
Author(s):  
Jelena Marinkovic ◽  
Dragana Bjelic ◽  
Branislava Tintor ◽  
Maja Ignjatov ◽  
Zorica Nikolic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Identification ◽  
Bradyrhizobium Japonicum ◽  
Root Nodules ◽  
Biochemical Properties ◽  
Universal Primers ◽  
Local Alignment ◽  
Molecular Characteristics ◽  
Bradyrhizobium Sp ◽  
Search Tool ◽  
Glycine Max L

The aim of this study was to isolate and identify Bradyrhizobium japonicum strains on the basis of molecular characteristics. From root nodules of different soybean cultivars were obtained 56 isolates, characterized according to morphological, cultural, and biochemical properties. Among these isolates, 33 isolates showing resemblance with Bradyrhizobium sp. were further subjected to molecular identification. Following DNA extraction, a partial 16S rDNA gene sequence from the isolates was amplified by PCR using universal primers fD1 (27F) and rP3 (1492R). Purification and sequencing of the amplified fragments were done in the bio?technology company Macrogen, Seoul, South Korea. Sequences were analyzed using the pro?gram FinchTV and BLAST (Basic Local Alignment Search Tool) and compared to sequences in GenBank and the Bradyrhizobium ID-database for identification. Comparison of the se?quences with the Bradyrhizobium ID-database showed that all tested isolates were identified as Bradyrhizobium japonicum. Each isolate was deposited in the NCBI GenBank database under a unique accession number. Identification of Bradyrhizobium species from root nodules of soybean is of great importance because the symbiosis between rhizobia and legumes are a cheaper and usually more effective agronomic practice for ensuring an adequate supply of nitrogen for legumes, while preserving and improving fertility and productivity of soils.

scholarly journals Identification and Pathogenicity of Fungal Pathogens Associated with Stem-End Rot of Avocado in California

Plant Disease ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 97 (12) ◽  
pp. 1580-1584 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Twizeyimana ◽  
H. Förster ◽  
V. McDonald ◽  
D. H. Wang ◽  
J. E. Adaskaveg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Southern California ◽  
Colletotrichum Gloeosporioides ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Pathogenicity Test ◽  
Avocado Fruit ◽  
Low Humidity ◽  
Neofusicoccum Luteum

Stem-end rot of harvested avocado fruit commonly occurs wherever the crop is cultivated. Multiple fungal species have been described as causal agents. To determine the causal pathogens of stem-end rot in California, fungal isolations were conducted from symptomatic fruit, and fungi were identified by morphological and molecular techniques. In 2010 and 2011, a total of 177 isolates were recovered from 290 avocado fruit collected from seven orchards in one of the major avocado growing areas in Southern California. The majority of isolates was identified as Neofusicoccum luteum (65%), with the remainder either as Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (33%) or Phomopsis sp. (2%). In a pathogenicity test, N. luteum caused significantly (P < 0.05) more severe stem-end rot than either C. gloeosporioides or Phomopsis sp. No significant (P > 0.05) differences in stem-end rot severity were observed between inoculations with N. luteum isolated from fruit stem-end rot and N. luteum or N. parvum isolated from branch cankers. This confirms that stem-end rot of avocado can be initiated by fungi causing branch cankers. Although low humidity and rainfall during much of the growing and harvest seasons in California are considered unfavorable conditions for the development of avocado stem-end rot, the identification of the causal pathogens is of value when decays have to be managed during outbreaks, and it stresses the importance of managing branch cankers.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document