scholarly journals Methanol Stem Bark Extract of Tamarindus indica Exhibited Antidepressant Activity in Mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 39-43
Author(s):  
S. Yunusa ◽  
I.D. Bidazun ◽  
S.Y. Magaji ◽  
F.H. Ashemi
Keyword(s):  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Antidepressant Activity ◽  
Tail Suspension Test ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Tamarindus Indica ◽  
Tail Suspension ◽  
Immobility Time ◽  
Stem Bark Extract ◽  
Suspension Test

Background: Depression is one of the most common psychiatric disorders affecting nearly 17% of the world population and the existing antidepressant drugs used in clinical settings are largely associated with serious side effects. Tamarindus indica (Fabaceae) is a plant that has been used ethno-medicinally as a remedy for depression.Objectives: The objective of this study was to determine the antidepressant activity of methanol stem bark extract of Tamarindus indica using mice, also to determine the LD50 and phytoconstituents of same extract.Methods: Fresh leaves of Tamarindus indica were collected, pulverised and extracted using 70% v/v methanol. Phyto-constituents of the extract were screened and Median lethal dose (LD50) was determined using standard protocols. Antidepressant effects of the extract were investigated using Tail suspension test (TST) and forced swimming test (FST) models.Results: The results of median lethal dose revealed the LD50 value of 470 mg/kg body weight and the phytochemical screening showed the presence of saponins, alkaloids and glycosides. The extract at the doses of 75 and 150 mg/kg body weight significantly (p<0.05) and dose-dependently decreased the immobility time in tail suspension test (TST) as compared to control. In forced swim test, the extract significantly (p<0.05) decreased the immobility time only at the highest tested dose (150 mg/kg) when compared to placebo group.Conclusion: Methanol stem bark extract of Tamarindus indica contains secondary metabolites that possess antidepressant action and thus, justifying the traditional use of this plant in the treatment of mental disorders including depression.

scholarly journals Antidepressant effect of methanol root bark extract of Acacia seyal Del. (Fabaceae): Possible involvement of the inflammatory pathway

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (7) ◽  
pp. 1459-1464
Author(s):  
Aishatu Shehu ◽  
Bishio Anyip ◽  
Mohammed Garba Magaji
Keyword(s):  
Field Test ◽  
Open Field Test ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Antidepressant Activity ◽  
Tail Suspension Test ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Root Bark ◽  
Tail Suspension ◽  
Suspension Test ◽  
Acacia Seyal

Purpose: To study the involvement of inflammatory pathways in the antidepressant activity of Acacia seyal in mice.Methods: The median lethal dose (LD50) of the extract Acacia seyal (AS) was determined using OECD guideline 425. The antidepressant activity of AS was assessed against BCG (0.2 mg/kg, ip)-induced depression in mice using Tail suspension test (TST) and open field test (OFT) at 4, 24 and 48  hours post BCG administration.Results: The median lethal dose (LD50) for the extract was > 5000 mg/kg orally. The extract AS at all tested doses (250 – 1000 mg/kg) significantly (p ≤ 0.001) decreased the duration of immobility in TST but increased the number of line crossing in OFT post-BCG.Conclusion: The antidepressant activity of the methanol root bark extract of Acacia seyal in mice may involve an inflammatory mechanism. Thus, the extract of Acacia seyal may be suitable for the management of depression in humans resistant to other conventional antidepressant agents. However, further studies are required to ascertain this Keywords: Depression, Acacia seyal, Tail suspension test, Open field test, Bacillus Calmette-Guerin

scholarly journals Evaluation of antidepressant activity of tramadol in comparison with imipramine in Swiss albino mice

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 695
Author(s):  
Chiranjeevi Bonda ◽  
Sudhir Pawar ◽  
Jaisen Lokhande
Keyword(s):  
Forced Swim Test ◽  
Antidepressant Activity ◽  
Tail Suspension Test ◽  
Antidepressant Effect ◽  
Tail Suspension ◽  
Swim Test ◽  
Forced Swim ◽  
Group I ◽  
Immobility Time ◽  
Suspension Test

Background: The aim of the study was to evaluate the antidepressant effect of opioid analgesic tramadol using forced swim test and tail suspension test models.Methods: The antidepressant effect was assessed by recording the immobility time in Forced swim test (FST) and Tail suspension test (TST). The mice were randomly divided into five groups. Mice belonging to group I was given normal saline (0.1ml/kg) which acted as control. Group II received imipramine (15mg/kg) considered as the standard drug tramadol was given in graded dose (10, 20 and 40 mg/kg) to mice of groups III, IV, V respectively. All drugs were administered intraperitoneally for seven successive days; test was done on 7th day.Results: Tramadol and Imipramine showed antidepressant activity when compared to control. There is dose dependent increase in antidepressant activity of tramadol. The antidepressant activity of imipramine was significantly (P<0.05) more than tramadol at dose 10 and 20 mg/kg but antidepressant activity with tramadol 40mg/kg was comparable to imipramine treated mice.Conclusions: The results of this study indicated the presence of antidepressant activity of tramadol at 40mg/kg.

scholarly journals Antidepressant Activity of Methanolic Extract of Vitis vinifera

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (02) ◽  
pp. 01-04
Author(s):  
Jyoti Singh ◽  
Bishnu Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Vitis Vinifera ◽  
Forced Swim Test ◽  
Antidepressant Activity ◽  
Tail Suspension Test ◽  
Tail Suspension ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Swim Test ◽  
Forced Swim ◽  
Immobility Time ◽  
Suspension Test

The present study was determined to evaluate the effect of methnolic extract of Vitis vinifera (MEVV) as well as its interaction with conventional antidepressant drug using tail suspension test (TST) and forced swim test (FST) and to evaluate the possible mechanisms involved in its actions. The extract was found to reduce the explorative tendencies of the rats in the tail suspension test and forced swim test the extract caused a significant reduction in immobility time and increased swimming time. The leaf of the plant were collected and authenticated. The methnolic extract of Vitis vinifera (MEVV) showed the significant antidepressant activity comparable to the standard drug. The oral administration of methnolic extract of Vitis vinifera (MEVV) at 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg respectively as compared to the control treated group showed an antidepressant activity comparable to that of standard drug. The antidepressant effects of methnolic extract of Vitis vinifera (MEVV) having a particular quality to be mainly associated with the activation of dopamineergic system and possess potential antidepressant activities.

scholarly journals ANTI-DEPRESSANT EFFECT OF CEFTRIAXONE IN FORCED SWIMMING TEST AND IN TAIL SUSPENSION TEST IN MICE

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ajoy Borah ◽  
Binita Singha ◽  
Swopna Phukan
Keyword(s):  
Forced Swimming Test ◽  
Antidepressant Activity ◽  
Tail Suspension Test ◽  
Forced Swimming ◽  
Antidepressant Effect ◽  
Tail Suspension ◽  
Neuroprotective Effects ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Swimming Test ◽  
Suspension Test

Objective: Depression is a major psychiatric disorder affecting nearly 350 million people worldwide and imposes a substantial health burden on the society. Ceftriaxone has demonstrated neuroprotective effects in animals. It has also undergone trials as a treatment option for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. This study was therefore undertaken to evaluate the antidepressant-like effect of ceftriaxone in mice.Methods: Ceftriaxone was administered at three different doses (0.130, 0.195 and 0.260g/kg) to Swiss albino mice of either sex by intra peritoneal (i. p.) route. The period of immobility in control and drug-treated mice were recorded in forced swimming test (FST) and tail suspension test (TST). The antidepressant effect of ceftriaxone indicated by the decrease in duration of immobility was compared to that of fluoxetine (0.020 g/kg, i. p.).Results: Ceftriaxone decreased the duration of immobility in mice. It showed a significant dose-dependent antidepressant effect. The antidepressant effect of 0.260g/kg of ceftriaxone was comparable to that of fluoxetine in the TST but not in the FST.Conclusion: The results of the present study indicate antidepressant activity of Ceftriaxone. The study shows that ceftriaxone has additional action on the central nervous system other than neuroprotection. Ceftriaxone therapy in cases of encephalomeningitis and in various cases of hemorrhages in the brain can, therefore, prevent the development of depression in future

scholarly journals IN-VIVO ANTI-DIARRHOEAL ACTIVITY AND PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING OF ETHANOL STEM BARK EXTRACT OF VITELLARIA PARADOXA GAERTN F. (SAPOTACEAE)

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 247-251
Author(s):  
Z. Abdullahi ◽  
A. A. Jimoh ◽  
B. E. Patrick ◽  
M. I. Yakubu ◽  
D. Mallam
Keyword(s):  
Castor Oil ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Vitellaria Paradoxa ◽  
Stem Bark Extract

Different parts of Vitellaria paradoxa plant have many applications in ethno-medicine. Some of the uses of this plant include treatment of diarrhoea and other GIT disorders. In this study the antidiarrhoeal activity of the ethanol extract of Vitellaria paradoxa was evaluated using three experimental models: Castor oil-induced diarrhoea; small intestinal motility and intestinal fluid accumulation (enteropooling) models in mice. Five groups of five mice were used for each model. Group one mice received 10 ml/kg of distilled water, while groups 2, 3, and 4 received 125, 250 and 500 mg/kg of the extract orally respectively. Group 5 mice received Loperamide 5 mg/kg orally. Oral median lethal dose (LD50) of the extract was determined using OECD (2008) Guideline 425. Phytochemical studies were conducted using standard procedures. The LD50 was estimated to be greater than 5000 mg/kg body weight and there were no signs of mortality or visible signs of toxicity in all the mice treated. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of carbohydrates, alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, triterpenes, steroids, cardiac glycosides and anthraquinones glycosides. Extract showed a dose-dependent anti-diarrhoeal activity by reducing stool frequency and consistency. The extract at the higher doses significantly (p < 0.05) inhibited GIT motility and castor oil-induced enteropooling, comparable to that of the reference control drug Loperamide. The study showed that ethanol stem bark extract of Vitellaria paradoxa possess anti-diarrhoeal activity and thus justifies its ethno-medicinal use in the treatment of diarrhoea.

scholarly journals Antidepressant-Like Activity of the Ethanolic Extract fromUncaria lanosaWallich var.appendiculataRidsd in the Forced Swimming Test and in the Tail Suspension Test in Mice

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lieh-Ching Hsu ◽  
Yu-Jen Ko ◽  
Hao-Yuan Cheng ◽  
Ching-Wen Chang ◽  
Yu-Chin Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Forced Swimming Test ◽  
Antidepressant Drugs ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Antidepressant Activity ◽  
Tail Suspension Test ◽  
Probable Mechanism ◽  
Tail Suspension ◽  
Swimming Test ◽  
Mice Brain ◽  
Suspension Test

This study investigated the antidepressant activity of ethanolic extract ofU. lanosaWallich var.appendiculataRidsd (ULEtOH) for two-weeks administrations by using FST and TST on mice. In order to understand the probable mechanism of antidepressant-like activity of ULEtOHin FST and TST, the researchers measured the levels of monoamines and monoamine oxidase activities in mice brain, and combined the antidepressant drugs (fluoxetine, imipramine, maprotiline, clorgyline, bupropion and ketanserin). Lastly, the researchers analyzed the content of RHY in the ULEtOH. The results showed that ULEtOHexhibited antidepressant-like activity in FST and TST in mice. ULEtOHincreased the levels of 5-HT and 5-HIAA in cortex, striatum, hippocampus, and hypothalamus, the levels of NE and MHPG in cortex and hippocampus, the level of NE in striatum, and the level of DOPAC in striatum. Two-week injection of IMI, CLO, FLU and KET enhanced the antidepressant-like activity of ULEtOH. ULEtOHinhibited the activity of MAO-A. The amount of RHY in ULEtOHwas 17.12 mg/g extract. Our findings support the view that ULEtOHexerts antidepressant-like activity. The antidepressant-like mechanism of ULEtOHmay be related to the increase in monoamines levels in the hippocampus, cortex, striatum, and hypothalamus of mice.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF FLAVONE AND ITS MONOHYDROXY DERIVATIVES ON ANIMAL MODELS OF DEPRESSION IN SWISS ALBINO MICE

2019 ◽  
pp. 513-517
Author(s):  
SHANMUGAPRIYAN S ◽  
JAIKUMAR S ◽  
VISWANATHAN S ◽  
PARIMALA K ◽  
RAJESH M
Keyword(s):  
Animal Models ◽  
Forced Swim Test ◽  
Antidepressant Activity ◽  
Tail Suspension Test ◽  
Tail Suspension ◽  
Swim Test ◽  
Forced Swim ◽  
Animal Models Of Depression ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Suspension Test

Objectives: This research was designed to investigate the antidepressant activity of a few structurally related flavones (flavone, 3‑hydroxyflavone, and 7‑hydroxyflavone) and the possible mechanisms involved. Methods: Antidepressant activity was evaluated in mice by subjecting them to forced swim test and tail suspension test. The involvement of adrenergic, serotonergic, nitric oxide (NO), and opioid mechanisms was investigated using suitable interacting chemicals. Results: Flavone, 3‑hydroxyflavone, and 7‑hydroxyflavone exhibited a significant and dose‑dependent reduction in total time of immobility in the forced swim test and tail suspension test. Pre‑treatment with alpha‑methyl‑para‑tyrosine and parachlorophenyl alanine attenuated the reduction in immobility period produced by flavone and its derivatives in forced swim test. Naloxone pre‑treatment partially reversed the effect of flavone while L‑arginine pre‑treatment did not alter their effect. Conclusion: The investigated flavones exhibited promising antidepressant activity in both the animal models of depression. However, the flavone compounds did not alter the motor coordination and ambulatory behavior in the Rotarod and locomotor activity test. The participation of serotonergic, adrenergic, and opioid mechanism in the antidepressant activity of these compounds was elucidated from the results, and the role of NO pathway was excluded.

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