scholarly journals The Impact on Women on the Removal of Gender as a Rating Variable in Motor-Vehicle Insurance

2013 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
AN Wagnener
Keyword(s):  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Motor Vehicle Insurance ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals The Compatibility of Motor Vehicle Insurance Law between the UK and EU

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Hasan Alissa
Keyword(s):  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Case Law ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Insurance Law ◽  
The Road ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Motor Vehicle Insurance ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Eu

This thesis examines the EU and UK regulation in respect of motor insurance law, including the Motor Vehicle Insurance Directives (MVID), the Road Traffic Acts 1930 and 1988, the Uninsured Drivers’ Agreements and the Untraced Drivers’ Agreements. It provides a critical assessment of the compatibility of national laws with their EU source/parent laws – in both the substantive elements of the laws and the administrative and procedural rules under which they operate, and, given the significance of the UK’s withdrawal from the EU, the impact of Brexit is considered. The study will ably demonstrate the deficiencies in the UK’s transposition of the law and will argue, given the supporting case law and the underlying rationale for the development of the Directives – the free movement principles of people and goods, that an rationale can be presented that the offending aspects of the national law should be disapplied. It is this aspect of the work which is unique and offers a consistent and certain future for motor vehicle insurance law and the rights of third-party victims in the UK.

scholarly journals The Impact on Women on the Removal of Gender as a Rating Variable in Motor-Vehicle Insurance

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 482
Author(s):  
Anthea Natalie Wagener
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
South African ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Undesirable Consequence ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Motor Vehicle Insurance ◽  
The Impact

Insurers use actuarial statistics as rating variables to differentiate and distinguish for the purposes of risk classification. They justify their use of actuarial statistics due to its accuracy as a predictor of risk. South African motor-vehicle insurers use gender, inter alia, as a rating variable to classify risks into certain classes and to determine insurance premiums. Depending upon whether the insured is male or female, it could have a significant impact on the cost of his or her premium.  Women drivers pay less for motor-vehicle insurance because actuarial statistics indicate that women are more careful drivers and are involved in 20 per cent fewer accidents than men.  Men pay higher premiums because the statistics indicate that they are less responsible drivers than women. Should a South African court decide that the use of gender as a motor-vehicle insurance rating variable is unfair discrimination, this would benefit male drivers, as it would lower their premium. Women, on the other hand, would be disadvantaged as they would be required to pay higher premiums to subsidise men. The article examines the impact that the removal of gender as a rating variable in motor-vehicle insurance would have on women, and asks if the effects thereof would influence a South African Court’s decision in determining if the use of gender as a rating variable amounts to unfair discrimination.  The article first considers the findings of American and Canadian Courts in determining this same issue and then considers South African equality legislation, particularly the Promotion of Equality and Prevention of Unfair Discrimination Act 4 of 2000 (“the Equality Act”). Thereafter, the article provides recommendations for a South African Court. As the Equality Act indicates that the discriminatory insurance practice of placing a disadvantage or advantage on persons based inter alia on their gender may possibly be unfair, it is suggested that South African insurers would have to consider alternative methods of risk assessment. In the light of the American and the Canadian case law, the article suggests that there should be a change of approach to insurance risk assessment. Rather than using gender as a rating variable the insurer could assess the risk of the individual insured, using appropriate, neutral rating variables suited to the particular circumstances of the insured. This would require a much more intensive and individualised risk evaluation and would require the insurer to “tailor-make” insurance for each individual. It is submitted that such an approach would give effect to the right to equality by disallowing the use of gender as a rating variable without producing the undesirable consequence that women drivers would have to subsidise men.

European Respiratory Society Statement on Sleep Apnoea, Sleepiness and Driving Risk

2020 ◽  
pp. 2001272
Author(s):  
Maria R Bonsignore ◽  
Winfried Randerath ◽  
Sofia Schiza ◽  
Johan Verbraecken ◽  
Mark W Elliott ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Task Force ◽  
Present Report ◽  
Sleep Apnoea ◽  
Accident Risk ◽  
European Respiratory Society ◽  
Obstructive Sleep ◽  
Patients At Risk ◽  
The Impact

Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is highly prevalent and is a recognised risk factor for motor vehicle accidents (MVA). Effective treatment with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) has been associated with a normalisation of this increased accident risk. Thus, many jurisdictions have introduced regulations restricting the ability of OSA patients from driving until effectively treated. However, uncertainty prevails regarding the relative importance of OSA severity determined by the apnoea-hypopnoea frequency per hour and the degree of sleepiness in determining accident risk. Furthermore, the identification of subjects at risk for OSA and/or accident risk remains elusive. The introduction of official European regulations regarding fitness to drive prompted the European Respiratory Society to establish a Task Force to address the topic of sleep apnoea, sleepiness and driving with a view to providing an overview to clinicians involved in treating patients with the disorder. The present report evaluates the epidemiology of MVA in patients with OSA, the mechanisms involved in this association, the role of screening questionnaires, driving simulators and other techniques to evaluate sleepiness and/or impaired vigilance, the impact of treatment on MVA risk in affected drivers, and highlights the evidence gaps regarding the identification of OSA patients at risk for MVA.

scholarly journals System Dynamics Model for the Evolutionary Behaviour of Government Enterprises and Consumers in China’s New Energy Vehicle Market

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 1578 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongxia Sun ◽  
Yao Wan ◽  
Huirong Lv
Keyword(s):  
System Dynamics ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Replicator Dynamics ◽  
Evolutionary Game ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Subsidy Policy ◽  
New Energy ◽  
New Energy Vehicle ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Vehicle Market

Exhaust pollution and energy crises are worsening worldwide. China has become the largest motor vehicle producer; thus, promoting the use of new energy vehicles (NEVs) in China has important practical significance. In this paper, considering the limited rationality of governments, NEV enterprises and consumers, we study the subsidy policy of the China NEV market using the evolutionary game and system dynamics (SD) methods. First, a tripartite evolutionary game model is developed and the replicator dynamics equations and Jacobian matrix are obtained. A SD simulation of the model was conducted to further clarify the impact of the initial market proportion and three variables used in the model. The results show that the initial market proportion affects the evolution speed but does not affect the evolution result when the three group players all choose a mixed strategy. For governments, they should not hastily cancel price subsidies provided to consumers; rather, they should dynamically adjust the rate of the subsidy decrease and increase the consumers’ extra cost for purchasing fuel vehicles (FVs). NEV enterprises should appropriately increase their investments in the research and development (R&D) of NEVs.

PENGARUH PENGETAHUAN PERPAJAKAN TERHADAP KEPATUHAN WAJIB PAJAK KENDARAAN BERMOTOR DI KANTOR SAMSAT KOTA TOMOHON

2021 ◽  
pp. 292-301
Author(s):  
Stevly Tumanduk ◽  
Arie Kawulur ◽  
Aprili Bacilius
Keyword(s):  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Regression Coefficient ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Observation Data ◽  
Simple Regression Analysis ◽  
Variable Influence ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Linearity Test ◽  
Simple Regression

Abstrak Riset ini bermaksud demi mengetahui apakah pengaruh pengetahuan perpajakan terhadap kepatuhan wajib pajak di Kantor SAMSAT Kota Tomohon. Pada riset ini variabel kepatuhan wajib pajak menjadi variabel dependen. Sampel pada pengkajian ini sebanyak 100 wajib pajak serta diambil memakai rumus Slovin.             Metode yang dipergunakan dalam riset ini ialah metode survei dengan pendekatan kuantitatif. Pada riset ini data primer dikumpulkan dengan cara teknik pengumpulan data observasi, dokumentasi serta angket/kuesioner, adapun teknik analisis data yang digunakan pada pengkajian ini ialah analisis regresi sederhana dengan uji normalitas, uji linieritas, dan uji hipotesis.             Hasil pengkajian ini adanya dampak positif dan signifikan mengenai dampak pengetahuan perpajakan terhadap kepatuhan wajib pajak kendaraan bermotor di mana persamaan regresi sederhana dalam riset ini menunjukkan nilai koefisien Regresi X sebesar 0.072 memperlihatkan ternyata setiap penambahan 1% pengaruh pengetahuan perpajakan, maka nilai kepatuhan wajib pajak kendaraan bermotor bertambah sebesar 0.072. Koefisien regresi tersebut bernilai positif, sehingga dapat dikatakan bahwa dampak variabel X terhadap Y ialah positif. Dengan demikian variabel pengaruh pengetahuan perpajakan berdampak signifikan atas kepatuhan wajib pajak kendaraan bermotor di Kantor Samsat Kota Tomohon.   Kata Kunci : Pengetahuan Perpajakan, Kepatuhan Wajib Pajak   Abstract                This research intends to find out whether the influence of tax knowledge on taxpayer compliance at the Tomohon City SAMSAT Office. In this research, the taxpayer compliance variable becomes the dependent variable. The sample in this study was 100 taxpayers and was taken using the Slovin formula. The method used in this research is a survey method with a quantitative approach. In this research, primary data were collected by means of observation data collection techniques, documentation and questionnaires, while the data analysis techniques used in this study were simple regression analysis with normality test, linearity test, and hypothesis testing. The results of the study are that there is a positive and significant impact on the impact of tax knowledge on motor vehicle taxpayer compliance where the simple regression equation in this research shows the X regression coefficient value of 0.072 showing that all 1% additions affect tax knowledge, then the motor vehicle taxpayer compliance value increases by 0.072. The regression coefficient is positive, so it can be said that the impact of variable X on Y is positive. Thus the variable influence of tax knowledge has a significant impact on motor vehicle taxpayer compliance at the Tomohon City Samsat Office.   Keywords: Tax Knowledge, Taxpayer Compliance

The impact of sex on motor vehicle crash injury outcomes

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-25
Author(s):  
Alyssa Ryan ◽  
Francis Tainter ◽  
Cole Fitzpatrick ◽  
Jennifer Gazzillo ◽  
Robin Riessman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Motor Vehicle Crash ◽  
Vehicle Crash ◽  
Injury Outcomes ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Reserves of Motor-Vehicle Insurance in Finland

1962 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 161-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teivo Pentikäinen
Keyword(s):  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Insurance Companies ◽  
Accurate Calculation ◽  
Short Term ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Image Position ◽  
Premium Income ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Motor Vehicle Insurance ◽  
Cluster Points

The Ministry of Social Affairs, which acts i.a. as the supervising office in Finland, has given instructions regarding the normal reserves of insurance companies. A summary of these and some comments are given here as far as they concern motor-vehicle insurance. The instructions as far as they concern the subject referred to in the following in the items 2-6, 9 and 10, were compiled by a committee, presided over by Mr. I. Ketola, M. Sc, which availed itself of the experience of several Finnish insurance companies.In order to give a review of the system as a whole many items, which are mathematically trivial and well-known, are briefly explained.The conventional principle of “pro rata parte temporis” is followed, which leads to the well-known reserve where P is the premium income of the company. This provides that the days when the premiums fall due are approximately equally distributed over the year (which can be checked from the premium sums of the different months in the book-keeping) or at least have no cluster points in the second half of the year and that the cost of the collecting of premiums is not less than 0.2 P. A more accurate calculation takes into account i.a. temporary short term policies etc.In casu-reserve. All unpaid claims (except those mentioned later) due to accidents which occured before the end of the account year, are listed and rated one by one. Doubtful cases, e.g. where the cause of the accident is still under litigation, are calculated in accordance with the “worst” alternative.

scholarly journals CINP 2005 Regional Meeting, 20-22 April 2005

2005 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 10
Author(s):  
Anissa Abi-Dargham ◽  
Christer Allgulander ◽  
O Gureje ◽  
Rachel Jenkins ◽  
R N Kalaria ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Mental Health Care ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Motor Vehicle Accident ◽  
Mental Health Policy ◽  
Traumatic Experiences ◽  
Focus Group Study ◽  
African Context ◽  
The Impact

List of abstract titles and authors:1. Antipsychotics across the spectrum: An overview of their mechanisms of actionAnissa Abi-Dargham2. Recent advances in the treatment of common anxiety disordersChrister Allgulander3. Psychiatry in Africa: The myths, the realities and the exoticO Gureje4. Mental Health policy developmet in Kenya and Tanznia - A DFID funded projectRachel Jenkins, David Kima, Joseph Mbatia, Frank Njenga5. Vascular factors in Alzheimer's diseaseR N Kalaria6. Depression as an immunologically based Neurodegenerative disorderBrian Leonard7. Eight years of progress in Arican PsychiatryF Njenga8. Treatment of Depression: Present and futureDr R.M. Pinder9. Imaging the Serotinergic system in impulsive aggressive personality disorder patientsLarry J Siever, Antonia S. New, Mari Goodman, Monte Buchsbaum, Erin Hazlett, Karen O'Flynn, Anissa Abi-argham, Marc Lauelle10. Mode of action of Atypical antipsychotic rugs: Focus on A2 AdrnoceptorsT.H. SvenssonNeuroscience: Selected Abstracts11. Chemical odulato of Fronto-execuitive functions: Neropsychiatric implicationsTrevor W Robbins12. Neural mechanisms of recognition memory and of social atacntProf. G Horn13. Estrogen signling after estrogen receptor ß (ERß)Jan-Ake Gustafsson14. Getting Lost: Hippocampal contributions to agerelated memory dysfunctionCarol BarnesMetals and the brain: Selected abstracts15. Modeling the contributin of iron mismanagement to Neurological disordersProf. J R C Connor16. Aluminium-triggered fibrillogenesis of B-AmyloidsProf. PZ Zatta, Dr D Drago, Mr G Tognon, Dr F RicchelliPsychiatry in Africa:17. Psychosocal aspects of Khat use among the youth of NairobiMs T M Khamis18. PTSD among motor vehicle accident survivors, KenyaDr F A Ongecha19. Psychiatric relities within African context - The Kenyan case StudyProf. D M  N Ndetei20. Adolescent-parenta interactions from infancy, Nairobi KenyaDr L K Ksakhala, Prof. D M N Ndetei21. Alcohol use ong young persons: A focus group study in Southwest NigeriaO A Obeijide22. Personality disorders and personality traits among tyoe 2 Diabetic patientsProf. O El Rufaie, Dr M Sabosy, Dr M S Abuzeid23. Association of traumatic experiences with depression among Nigerian adolescentsDr O Omigbodun, Dr K BakareMs O B Yusuf, Dr O Esan24. Prevalence of depression among women attending outpatient clinics in MalawiDr  M Tugumisirize, Prof. Agn, Dr Musisi25. Non-fatal suicidalbehaviour at the Johannesburg General HospitalDr  M Y H Moosa, Prof. F Y Jeenah, Dr A Pillay, Pof. M Vorstere, Dr R Liebenberg26. Integrating mental health into general primary health care - Uganda's experienceDr N Kigozi27. Depression among Nigerian survivors of stroke:Prevalance and associated factorsDr F.O Fatoye Dr M A Komolafe, Dr A. O Adewuya, Dr B.A. Eegunranti Prof. M.A. Lawal28. NGO Involvement mental health care -The way forwardDr  Basangwa29. Prevalen of Attenton Deficit Hyperactivity sorder among African school childrenDr E KashalaProf. T Tylleskar, Dr I Elgen, Dr K Sommerfelt30. Barriers to effective mental health care in NigeriaMs L. Kola31. Quay of life evaluation in patients with HIV-I infection with respect to the impact of Phyttherapy (Traditional Herb in Zimbabwe)M B Sebit, S K Chandiwaa, A S Latif, E Gomo, S W Acuda, F Makoni, J Vushe

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