scholarly journals Evaluation of three fast- and slow-growing chicken strains reared in two production environments

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 378-388
Author(s):  
A. Ghayas ◽  
J. Hussain ◽  
A. Mahmud ◽  
M.H. Jaspal
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Rhode Island ◽  
Body Surface ◽  
Physiological Response ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Fast Growing ◽  
Free Range ◽  
Slow Growing ◽  
Intensive System

The present study evaluated performance, physiological response and economics of commercial fast growing (CFG), commercial slow growing (CSG), and Rhode Island Red (RIR) chickens under intensive and free-range rearing environments. After 21 days of rearing under the same intensive environment 240 birds from each strain were subjected to free-range and intensive rearing until they were 56 days old. Each treatment was replicated six times with 20 birds in each replicate. Body surface and cloacal temperatures, respiration and heart rates, feed intake, bodyweight and weight gain, feed conversion efficiency, growth efficiency, and liveability were recorded. Significant differences among strains were detected in physiological response and growth performance (except liveability). Rearing environment also caused significant differences in physiological parameters (except body surface temperature) and growth performance (except liveability). Significant interactions of the strains and production systems were detected. The CFG strain grew most rapidly under the intensive system with differences between strains being reduced in the free-range system. The RSG and CSG strains had similar respiration rates under the two production systems but differed significantly from each other. However, the CFG strain had a significantly elevated respiration rate in the free-range system. Total input cost of rearing CFG under the intensive system was highest ($3.54) among the treatments, whereas CSG under a free-range environment generated the highest profit ($0.37 per bird). In conclusion, rearing CSG under free range was the most economic farming strategy in today’s scenario.Keywords: economics, fast-growing, free range, growth, intensive system, physiology, slow-growing rural chickens

scholarly journals Effect of Production System and Age on the Growth Performance and Carcass Traits of Pheasants (Phasianus colchicus)

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 219-229
Author(s):  
Umut Sami Yamak ◽  
Musa Sarica ◽  
Mehmet Akif Boz ◽  
Ahmet Ucar
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Production System ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Carcass Traits ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Phasianus Colchicus ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Free Range ◽  
Slaughter Age

AbstractA total of 211 pheasants (Phasianus colchicus) were reared using two different production systems (free range and intensive) to determine the effect of production system and slaughter age on growth performance and carcass traits. Birds were slaughtered at 14, 16, and 18 weeks of age. Production system did not significantly affect body weight until 18 weeks; at this age, pheasants reared in free range exhibited a higher average weight (1149 g vs. 1012 g). Total feed consumption and feed conversion ratios did not differ among production systems. The most in-demand portions of the carcass (breast and leg) were not affected by differences in production system. The leg and breast proportions which were the most edible parts of the carcass were around 26% and 35%, respectively, in both free-range and intensive systems.

scholarly journals Behaviour, welfare, and tibia traits of fast- and slow-growing chickens reared in intensive and free range systems

2021 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Ghayas ◽  
J. Hussain ◽  
A. Mahmud ◽  
M.H. Jaspal ◽  
H.M. Ishaq ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Rhode Island ◽  
Production System ◽  
Tonic Immobility ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Medullary Canal ◽  
Free Range ◽  
Canal Diameter ◽  
Length Width ◽  
Slow Growing

The behaviour, welfare, and tibia characteristics of fast- and slow-growing chickens were evaluated in free-range and intensive production systems. A total of 720 birds of three strains were subjected to these systems after 21 days of rearing under the same intensive environment. Each treatment was replicated six times with 20 birds in each replicate. Data were collected for welfare aspects, including feather condition, footpad, hock joint and tonic immobility, behavioural features, especially feeding or foraging, sitting, walking, scratching, pecking and dust-bathing, and tibia characteristics, including weight, length, width, medullary canal diameter and robusticity index (4 - 8 weeks). Production system had significant effects on all welfare and behaviour aspects of the birds. However, tibia characteristics were not influenced by production system, except for medullary canal diameter. The strains differed significantly in welfare, tibia characteristics and behaviour. For example, the slow-growing strains had better feather condition,  footpad and hock joint scores. Significant interactions of strain and production system were noted for all characteristics. It was recommended that Rhode Island Red chickens could be raised under either production system without compromising their welfare or causing adverse effects on leg health.

scholarly journals Effects of sex and genotype on performance and yield characteristics of free range broiler chickens

2013 ◽  
Vol 65 (5) ◽  
pp. 1483-1490 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.C. Del Castilho ◽  
T.T Santos ◽  
C.A.F. Rodrigues ◽  
R.A. Torres Filho
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Experimental Design ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Free Range ◽  
Feeding Program ◽  
Slow Growing ◽  
Better Than

The purpose of this work was to evaluate the effect of genotype and sex on the performance characteristics (weight gain, feed conversion and livability) and yields (carcass, breast and legs) of six free-range genotypes: Pesadão Vermelho (GEN1), Carijó (GEN2), Pescoço Pelado 1 (GEN3), Pescoço Pelado 2 (GEN4), Pescoço Pelado 3 (GEN5) and Pescoço Pelado 4 (GEN6). A total of 1584 sexed one day old chicks (792 males and 792 females) were housed in 48 pens, 33 birds per pen. The experimental design was a completely randomized factorial 2 x 6 (six genotypes and two sexes) design, with four replicates each. Diets were based on corn and soybean meal (no animal protein) provided in a feeding program in four phases: pre-starter (1 to 21 days), starter (22 to 42 days), growth (43 to 77 days) and finisher (78 to 91 days). Feed intake, feed conversion and livability were measured at 21, 42, 77 and 91 days of age. There was no genotype x sex interaction. The effect of sex was observed in all ages regarding weight gain, feed conversion (except at 21 days) and yields. For all these characteristics, males performed better than females, except in breast yield, which was higher in females. For the livability and feed conversion at 21 days no effect of sex was found. The effect of genotype was observed only in carcass and breast yields. The fast (GEN1) and intermediate (GEN2, GEN5 and GEN6) growing genotypes showed higher weight gain than the slow growing genotypes (GEN4 and GEN3). Carcass and breast yields of naked neck genotypes (GEN3, GEN4, GEN5 and GEN6) did not differ among themselves, and were higher than the Carijó genotype (GEN2) and are therefore recommended for production systems that sell industrialized birds.

scholarly journals Kapalı ve Serbest Gezinmeli Üretim Sistemlerinde Doğal ve Yapay Kuluçka ile Üretilen Kazların Ekonomik Değerlendirmesi

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (11) ◽  
pp. 981 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehmet Akif Boz ◽  
Musa Sarıca ◽  
Umut Sami YAMAK
Keyword(s):  
Production Systems ◽  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Economic Return ◽  
Free Range ◽  
Net Profit ◽  
Slaughter Age ◽  
Animal Material ◽  
Relative Profit

This study executed the economic return of naturally and artificially hatched geese in intensive and free-range production systems at different fattening periods. The animal material was consisted of 216 goslings which were naturally and artificially hatched from the eggs collected from back-yard. Goslings and feed was the highest share of variable expenses. Highest net profit from live and carcass sales was obtained from geese which were artificially hatched and reared in intensive (YK) and free-range (YSG) systems until 14, 16 and 18 weeks of age. Live sale relative profit was found higher at 14 weeks in YK and YSG groups. Relative profit of carcass sales in YSG and YK groups at 14 and 16 weeks; and YK group at 18 weeks. As a conclusion, when we consider feed consumption, feed conversion ratio and probable mortality at older ages-related to metabolic problems; 14 weeks seemed as the optimal slaughter age and economic return for the naturally and artificially hatched geese which were reared in intensive and free-range systems.

scholarly journals On-farm evaluation of the growth of Muscovies under free-range and confinement in the south-eastern Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 268-273
Author(s):  
A. B. I. Udedibie ◽  
R. C. Ogbonna
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
Feed Conversion Ratio ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
The South ◽  
Internal Organs ◽  
Free Range ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
On Farm

A 13-week on-farm study was conducted to determine the growth performance of Muscovies under free-range and confinement in south-eastern Nigeria. Forty-five (45) ducklings from 4 mothers were subjected to free-range system of production while another 45 ducklings from another 4 mothers were raised under confinement. At 13 weeks of age, the ducklings raised under confinement weighed an average 3.25kg which was significantly (P<0.05) heavier weights from their counterparts under free-range system. Breast, thigh and back weights of the ducks raised under confinement were also significantly (P<0.05) heavier. Weights of the internal organs (liver, gizzard, heart and kidney) were not affected by the treatments (P>0.05).The ducklings under confinement consumed on the average 123.6gm of feed daily with feed conversion ratio of 3.96%. Those under free-range system recorded 31% mortality as against the 11% recorded by those under confinement.

scholarly journals A retrospective study of Newcastle disease in Kenya

2019 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 699-710 ◽  
Author(s):  
Auleria A. Apopo ◽  
Henry M. Kariithi ◽  
Leonard O. Ateya ◽  
Yatinder S. Binepal ◽  
Jane H. Sirya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Newcastle Disease ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
Diagnostic System ◽  
Poultry Production ◽  
Ecological Zones ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
Free Range ◽  
Intensive System ◽  
Agro Ecological Zones

Abstract Newcastle disease (ND) is a major constraint to Kenya’s poultry production, which is comprised of approximately 80% indigenous chickens (ICs; caged and free-range system) and 20% exotic chickens (intensive system). This study analyzed cases reported as suspected ND in Kenya between 2005 and 2015. Of the suspected 332 ND reported cases from the three production systems in 27 locations within six Kenyan Agro-Ecological Zones (AEZs), 140 diagnosed as infected with avian orthoavulavirus 1 (AOaV-1; formerly Newcastle disease virus) were present in every year in all AEZs. The numbers of AOaV-1-positive cases differed significantly (p < 0.05) between the production systems across the years depending on the season, climate, and location. In the free-range system, both ambient temperatures and season associated significantly (p = 0.001 and 0.02, respectively) with the number of cases, while in the intensive and caged systems, the positive cases correlated significantly with season and relative humidity, respectively (p = 0.05). Regardless of the production systems, the numbers of clinically sick birds positively correlated with the ambient temperatures (r = 0.6; p < 0.05). Failure to detect AOaV-1 in 58% of the ND cases reported, and mortalities exceeding the observed numbers of clinically sick birds suggest deficiencies in the current ND reporting and diagnostic system. Intensive farmers were the slowest in reporting the cases and diagnostic deficiencies were most evident by failure to test the exposure of ICs to natural infection with AOaV-1 and for the AOaV-1-negative cases lack of testing for other pathogens and/or AOaV-1 variants. This study indicates a need for improved surveillance and diagnostics in Kenyan domestic poultry.

scholarly journals Effect of a free-range raising system on growth performance, carcass yield, and meat quality of slow-growing chicken

2009 ◽  
Vol 88 (10) ◽  
pp. 2219-2223 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.H. Wang ◽  
S.R. Shi ◽  
T.C. Dou ◽  
H.J. Sun
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Meat Quality ◽  
Carcass Yield ◽  
Free Range ◽  
Slow Growing

scholarly journals Comparison of the Growth Performance of Three Commercial Hybrid Chicken Varieties Using Grain Based Feeds

2021 ◽  
pp. 19-27
Author(s):  
C. Obudulu ◽  
N. P. Udeh ◽  
J. J. Okeke ◽  
O. A. Okeke ◽  
K. P. Okafor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Rhode Island ◽  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
Feed Conversion Ratio ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Poultry Feed ◽  
Total Production ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Initial Weight

In poultry, feed costs represent a major part of total production costs. Accordingly, improvement of feed conversion ratio; feed intake: weight gain should be a major objective in most breeding programmes. Growth performance of three commercial broiler hybrids in Nigeria were investigated using a total of 60 unsexed day old chicks consisting of 15 each of Rhode Island White, Plymouth Rock and Rhode Island Red; and 15 of the purebred, the Nigerian Southern light ecotype used as control. The breeds were maintained separately in wooden cages of dimension 120cm × 80cm × 40cm at stocking density of 15 birds per m2 and fed for six weeks using broiler starter feed for first four weeks and finisher feed for next two weeks. The broiler starter feed was composed of broiler concentrate (energy Keauka) 2950Kcal, crude protein 2.1%, crude fibre 4.0%, calcium 1.0%, Available phosphorus 0.48%, cysine 1.2% and methionine 0.5%. The finisher’s diet consisted of 1:1.8 mixtures of broiler concentrate and maize meal. No medication was provided during the study. The result showed Rhode Island White had highest maximum weight gain (2874.43% initial weight), Plymouth Rock (1053.14% initial weight) intermediate and Rhode Island Red (986.12% initial weight) lowest. The pure breed weight gain (441.50% initial weight) was lower than the hybrids. Average feed conversion ratio was highest for Rhode Island White (0.394±0.0047), intermediate for Plymouth Rock (0.373± 0.0051) and Rhode Island Red (0.366± 0.0048) next. The difference was significant (P< 0.05). The purebred had the lowest feed conversion ratio (0.346± 0.0047). Rhode Island Red had the lowest mortality (0%), Rhode Island White (6.67%) intermediate and Plymouth Rock next (20%). The purebred had the highest mortality (33.33%). The study showed Rhode Island White was the most economically viable breed due to its higher growth rate, feed conversion ratio and low mortality rate.

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