PESTICIDE RESIDUES – A MEDICAL APPRAISAL1

1962 ◽  
Vol 25 (7) ◽  
pp. 219-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. R. Zavon
Keyword(s):  
Pesticide Residues ◽  
Human Population ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Pesticide Exposure ◽  
Positive Information ◽  
Mortality Statistics ◽  
Positive Evidence ◽  
Reliable Evidence ◽  
Clinical Investigations

New analytical procedures make it possible to detect pesticide residues in food at a fraction of the level previously detectable. The possibility exists that products formerly thought to have no residues will now be shown to have them. Fear has been voiced that pesticide residues may cause disease. If pesticide residues in food are shown to be more widespread than formerly believed, this fear of danger may be further stimulated. Investigations among the human population have failed to reveal any deleterious effects from pesticide residues in food. Nor is there any other positive evidence of effect on the human population resulting from pesticide residues. Analysis of mortality statistics tends to show many more likely reasons than the introduction of pesticides for changes in causes of death. There is no reliable evidence that the leading causes of death have been influenced by pesticide exposure in food or otherwise. Despite this absence of positive information there is no doubt that we need quantitative investigations to determine the actual exposure of the population to pesticide residues and long term, carefully controlled clinical investigations to determine whether or not injury actually occurs.

scholarly journals Garbage codes as causes of death and quality of mortality statistics in Belo Horizonte, Brazil

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
L Ishitani ◽  
R Teixeira ◽  
D Abreu ◽  
L Paixão ◽  
E França
Keyword(s):  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Health Planning ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
International Classification Of Diseases ◽  
Mortality Statistics ◽  
Classification Of Diseases ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
Hospital Deaths ◽  
Belo Horizonte

Abstract Background Quality of cause-of-death information is fundamental for health planning. Traditionally, this quality has been assessed by the analysis of ill-defined causes from chapter XVIII of the International Classification of Diseases - 10th revision (ICD-10). However, studies have considered other useless diagnoses for public health purposes, defined, in conjunction with ill-defined causes, as garbage codes (GC). In Brazil, despite the high completeness of the Mortality Information System, approximately 30% of deaths are attributable to GCs. This study aims to analyze the frequency of GCs in Belo Horizonte municipality, the capital of Minas Gerais state, Brazil. Methods Data of deaths from 2011 to 2013 in Belo Horizonte were analyzed. GCs were classified according to the GBD 2015 study list. These codes were classified in: a) GCs from chapter XVIII of ICD-10 (GC-R), and b) GC from other chapters of ICD-10 (GC-nonR). Proportions of GC were calculated by sex, age, and place of occurrence. Results In Belo Horizonte, from the total of 44,123 deaths, 5.5% were classified as GC-R. The majority of GCs were GC-nonR (25% of total deaths). We observed a higher proportion of GC in children (1 to 4 years) and in people aged over 60 years. GC proportion was also higher in females, except in the age-groups under 1 year and 30-59 years. Home deaths (n = 7,760) had higher proportions of GCs compared with hospital deaths (n = 30,182), 36.9% and 28.7%, respectively. The leading GCs were the GC-R other ill-defined and unspecified causes of death (ICD-10 code R99)), and the GCs-nonR unspecified pneumonia (J18.9), unspecified stroke (I64), and unspecified septicemia (A41.9). Conclusions Analysis of GCs is essential to evaluate the quality of mortality information. Key messages Analysis of ill-defined causes (GC-R) is not sufficient to evaluate the quality of information on causes of death. Causes of death analysis should consider the total GC, in order to advance the discussion and promote adequate intervention on the quality of mortality statistics.

scholarly journals Long-term mortality in young patients with spontaneous intracerebral haemorrhage: Predictors and causes of death

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-193
Author(s):  
Jamie I Verhoeven ◽  
Marco Pasi ◽  
Barbara Casolla ◽  
Hilde Hénon ◽  
Frank-Erik de Leeuw ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Risk ◽  
Intracerebral Haemorrhage ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Young Patients ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Standardized Mortality Ratio ◽  
Excessive Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Long Term Mortality

Introduction Intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH) in young adults is rare but has devastating consequences. We investigated long-term mortality rates, causes of death and predictors of long-term mortality in young spontaneous ICH survivors. Patients and methods We included consecutive patients aged 18–55 years from the Prognosis of Intracerebral Haemorrhage cohort (PITCH), a prospective observational cohort of patients admitted to Lille University Hospital (2004–2009), who survived at least 30 days after spontaneous ICH. We studied long-term mortality with Kaplan-Meier analyses, collected causes of death, performed uni-/multivariable Cox-regression analyses for the association of baseline characteristics with long-term mortality. Results Of 560 patients enrolled in the PITCH, 75 patients (75% men) met our inclusion criteria (median age 50 years, interquartile range [IQR] 44–53 years). During a median follow-up of 8.2 years (IQR 5.0–10.1), 26 patients died (35%), with a standardized mortality ratio of 13.0 (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 8.5–18.0) compared to peers from the general population. Causes of death were vascular in 7 (27%) patients, non-vascular in 13 (50%) and unknown in 6 (23%). Global cerebral atrophy (hazard ratio [HR] 3.0, 95% CI 1.1–8.6), modified Rankin Score >2 before ICH (HR 3.4, 95% CI 1.0–11.0), and excessive alcohol consumption (HR 3.3, 95% CI 1.1–10.2) were independently associated with long-term mortality. Discussion We found a 13-fold higher mortality risk for young ICH survivors compared to the general French population. Predictors of long-term mortality were pre-existing conditions, not ICH-characteristics. Conclusion Young ICH survivors remain at increased mortality risk of vascular and non-vascular death for years after ICH.

Long-Term Survival and Causes of Death in Children with Trisomy 21 After Congenital Heart Surgery

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer K. Peterson ◽  
Lazaros K. Kochilas ◽  
Jessica Knight ◽  
Courtney McCracken ◽  
Amanda S. Thomas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trisomy 21 ◽  
Congenital Heart ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Heart Surgery ◽  
Congenital Heart Surgery ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Long Term Survival

Long-term results of treatment of patients with limb arterial embolism

1986 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 300-300
Author(s):  
I. I. Strelnikov
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Long Term Results ◽  
Peripheral Artery ◽  
Arterial Embolism ◽  
Cardiac Defects ◽  
Results Of Treatment ◽  
Artery Embolism ◽  
Conservative And Surgical Treatment

We followed the fate of 166 patients with limb arterial embolism in the late stage of the disease after conservative and surgical treatment from 6 months to 10 years. Of 166 patients, 44 (26.5%) died after hospital discharge. Thirty of them were older than 61 years. The most frequent causes of death in the long-term period were acute cerebrovascular disease (11), myocardial infarction (7), progressive cardiovascular insufficiency due to cardiac defects (6), repeated peripheral artery embolism causing limb gangrene (7). In 7 patients the cause of death was not determined.

scholarly journals Between Foragers and Farmers: Climate Change and Human Strategies in Northwestern Patagonia

Quaternary ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 17
Author(s):  
Adolfo F. Gil ◽  
Ricardo Villalba ◽  
Fernando R. Franchetti ◽  
Clara Otaola ◽  
Cinthia C. Abbona ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Population ◽  
Probability Distributions ◽  
Southern Annular Mode ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Hunter Gatherers ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
N Isotopes ◽  
Wild Resources ◽  
C And N

In this paper we explore how changes in human strategies are differentially modulated by climate in a border area between hunter-gatherers and farmers. We analyze multiple proxies: radiocarbon summed probability distributions (SPDs), stable C and N isotopes, and zooarchaeological data from northwestern Patagonia. Based on these proxies, we discuss aspects of human population, subsistence, and dietary dynamics in relation to long-term climatic trends marked by variation in the Southern Annular Mode (SAM). Our results indicate that the farming frontier in northwestern Patagonia was dynamic in both time and space. We show how changes in temperature and precipitation over the last 1000 years cal BP have influenced the use of domestic plants and the hunting of highest-ranked wild animals, whereas no significant changes in human population size occurred. During the SAM positive phase between 900 and 550 years cal BP, warmer and drier summers are associated with an increase in C4 resource consumption (maize). After 550 years cal BP, when the SAM changes to the negative phase, wetter and cooler summer conditions are related to a change in diet focused on wild resources, especially meat. Over the past 1000 years, there was a non-significant change in the population based on the SPD.

scholarly journals Long-Term Outcomes and Causes of Death among Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma Patients with Distant Metastases

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (18) ◽  
pp. 4670
Author(s):  
Hyunju Park ◽  
Heera Yang ◽  
Jung Heo ◽  
Tae Hyuk Kim ◽  
Sun Wook Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Carcinoma ◽  
Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma ◽  
Distant Metastasis ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Hazard Ratio ◽  
Poor Prognostic Factor ◽  
Medullary Thyroid ◽  
Metastatic Site

Distant metastasis is a poor prognostic factor in medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC), but the significance of differentiating the characteristics according to the site of distant metastasis remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical characteristics and long-term oncologic outcomes in MTC patients with distant metastasis. We identified 46 MTC patients with distant metastasis between 1994 and 2019. Clinical characteristics were compared based on the timing of the detection of distant metastasis. Additionally, survival rates following the detection of distant metastasis were evaluated to compare the clinical significance of metastatic site. The detailed causes of death were also investigated. Of the 46 patients, 15 patients (32.6%) had synchronous distant metastasis and 31 patients (67.4%) had metachronous distant metastasis. There was no clinical difference between these two groups except regarding initial surgical extent. The lung (52.2%) was the most common metastatic site, followed by the bone (28.3%), mediastinum (19.6%), liver (17.4%), adrenal gland (4.3%), brain (4.3%), kidney (2.2%), and pancreas (2.2%). Patients with bone metastasis and multisite metastasis had significantly worse prognoses than those with lung metastasis (hazard ratio: 5.42; p = 0.044 and hazard ratio: 6.11; p = 0.006). Complications due to the progression of distant metastasis, airway obstruction due to tracheal invasion, and complications related to chemotherapy were leading causes of death. In conclusion, there was no difference in clinical characteristics according to the timing of distant metastasis. Oncological outcomes differed by metastatic site.

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