PREPARATION AND TITRATION OF CRUDE STAPHYLOCOCCAL BETA HEMOLYSIN FOR USE IN T.K.T. MEDIUM1,2

1968 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 171-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. E. Ward ◽  
D. S. Postle
Keyword(s):  
Method Of Production ◽  
Camp Test

A simple, effective method for preparation and titration of crude staphylococcal β hemolysin is presented. Factors which affect the results are discussed. This method of production and titration is useful for laboratories which us T.K.T. medium for the identification of CAMP test-positive streptococci in bulk, bucket or quarter milk.

Decision-Making Practice When Choosing the Method of Production of Ceramic Bricks

2020 ◽  
Vol 783 (8) ◽  
pp. 4-8
Author(s):  
Syromyasov V.A. ◽  
◽  
Vakalova T.V. ◽  
Storozhenko G.I. ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Method Of Production

Thematic mapping of the abandoned mining hazard: a pilot study for the South Wales Coalfield

1987 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 255-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Statham ◽  
C. Golightly ◽  
G. Treharne
Keyword(s):  
Back Analysis ◽  
Ground Surface ◽  
Historical Record ◽  
Mining Subsidence ◽  
Present Condition ◽  
Opencast Mining ◽  
The South ◽  
Mining Sites ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Method Of Production

AbstractThe Department of the Environment and the Welsh Office jointly sponsored a South Wales Desk Study into the feasibility of producing thematic maps of the Mining subsidence risk for planners. A method was to be developed and tested for a 25 km2 Pilot Area centred on Ebbw Vale.The study was started by collecting geological and mining data for the Pilot Area and compiling this information on a map. It was then intended to prepare the mining subsidence map from this map by back analysing subsidence incidents to determine the hazardous areas. This simple approach could not be followed for two reasons. First, the record of mining was incomplete and it was therefore necessary to define ‘worked’ seams and areas from the total historical record and not only from the surviving mine plans. Secondly, insufficient subsidence incidents were discovered in the Pilot Area to carry out meaningful back analysis.The study was extended to collect all readily available records of subsidence incidents throughout the Coalfield. A total of 388 were traced, mainly dating from 1960. About threequarters were collapses through superficial materials and were either close to the outcrop or above mine entries, the remaining 25% propagated to the ground surface through rock. The upper limit of migration was typically 8 times the extracted height where the dip was shallow, incrasing to as much as 18 times for steep dips. Selected grout contracts and opencast mining sites were also examined to gain information on the present condition of old workings and to study the ‘reputations’ of the various seams for voids.The results of the coalfield study were applied to the Pilot Area to produce a 1:10 000 scale Development Advice Map, ‘Mining Subsidence for use by developers and planners’. The map is zoned to show areas where specialist advice is necessary to support a planning application and it also shows all mine entries traced by the desk study. The method of production is general for the South Wales Coalfield and further maps could be prepared, using the Coalfield Study, quickly and cheaply.

SUITABILITY OF ACID-SOLUBLE AND ACID-INSOLUBLE LEATHER FRACTIONS IN RADIOCARBON DATING

Radiocarbon ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Alyssa M Tate ◽  
Brittany Hundman ◽  
Jonathan Heile
Keyword(s):  
Radiocarbon Dating ◽  
Insoluble Fraction ◽  
Economic Life ◽  
Chemical Pretreatment ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
The Past ◽  
Acid Soluble Collagen ◽  
Method Of Production ◽  
Insight Into

ABSTRACT Leather has been produced by a variety of methods throughout human history, providing researchers unique insight into multiple facets of social and economic life in the past. Archaeologically recovered leather is often fragile and poorly preserved, leading to the use of various conservation and restoration efforts that may include the application of fats, oils, or waxes. Such additives introduce exogenous carbon to the leather, contaminating the specimen. These contaminants, in addition to those accumulated during interment, must be removed through chemical pretreatment prior to radiocarbon (14C) dating to ensure accurate dating. DirectAMS utilizes organic solvents, acid-base-acid (ABA) and gelatinization for all leather samples. Collagen yield from leather samples is variable due to the method of production and the quality of preservation. However, evaluating the acid-soluble collagen fraction, when available, provides the most accurate 14C dates for leather samples. In instances where gelatinization does not yield sufficient material, the resulting acid-insoluble fraction may be dated. Here we examine the effectiveness of the combined organic solvent and ABA pretreatment with gelatinization for leather samples, as well as the suitability of the acid-insoluble fraction for 14C dating.

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