Preparation of a Positive Control Sample for Use in the Routine Analysis of Milk and Milk Products for Alkaline Phosphatase

1982 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 108-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. K. MURTHY
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Filter Paper ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Control Sample ◽  
Skim Milk ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Routine Analysis ◽  
Milk Products ◽  
Continuous Vacuum ◽  
Control Samples

A method was developed for preparing filter paper impregnated with raw skim milk to serve as positive control samples during the routine analysis of milk and milk products for alkaline phosphatase. Whatman No. 40 filter paper circles (12.5-cm diameter) were dipped in raw skim milk standardized to known concentrations of alkaline phosphatase. Excess milk was removed by draining and blotting between folds of blotting paper. The filter papers were dried over silica gel in a desiccator under continuous vacuum for 5 to 6 days. Disks measuring 0.64-cm were punched out of the dried filter paper circles and stored in screw-cap test tubes at room temperature in the dark until use. The relationship between the alkaline phosphatase contents of milk and the filter paper disks was linearly correlated and characterized by the equation: [Edisk] = 0.0071 × [Emilk] + 0.41, and r = 0.98. Reproducibility of preparing impregnated filter paper circles showed coefficients of variation of 3.3 to 15.7%. Statistical analysis of the data relating alkaline phosphatase activity with days of storage by analysis of variance and regression analysis indicated significant differences in the slope of the regression lines at the a = 0.05 level. At the end of 406 to 599 days of storage, the estimated decrease in [Edisk] for significant samples ranged from 25.6 to 38.9%, with an average ± SD of 33.0 ± 4.4%. Data do show, however, that filter paper disks can be prepared to contain known concentrations of alkaline phosphatase and stored at room temperature for several months for use as positive control samples.

Collaborative Study of Alkaline Phosphatase Activity in Filter Paper Disks Impregnated with Skim Milk: Positive Control Sample

1982 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 112-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. K. MURTHY ◽  
J. T. PEELER
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Phosphatase Activity ◽  
Alkaline Phosphatase Activity ◽  
Filter Paper ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Collaborative Study ◽  
Control Sample ◽  
Skim Milk ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Colorimetric Test

The rapid colorimetric test was used in a collaborative study to determine alkaline phosphatase activity in filter paper disks impregnated with skim milk then dried and stored for several months at room temperature. Five samples of filter paper disks (0 to 6 μg phenol/disk) in duplicate were sent to six collaborators for analysis. Computations of analytical and analyst errors showed variations of 22.2 to 48.8%. Most of the variations were due to differences among analysts, but some were partly due to differences in the slopes of the calibration curves (a = 0.05 level) they prepared at the time of analysis. Collaborator's performance was evaluated by comparing % correct results that were positive (negative) with the expected results. About 95% of the samples were correctly analyzed.

SEM Observations on the Germination of Euonymous Americanus

1985 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 508-509
Author(s):  
D.R. Hill ◽  
J.R. McCurry ◽  
L.P. Elliott ◽  
G. Howard
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Filter Paper ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Food Source ◽  
Environmental Chamber ◽  
Dormant Stage ◽  
Scanning Electron

Germination of Euonymous americanus in the laboratory has previously been unsuccessful. Ability to germinate Euonymous americanus. commonly known as the american strawberry bush, is important in that it represents a valuable food source for the white-tailed deer. Utilizing the knowledge that its seeds spend a period of time in the rumin fluid of deer during their dormant stage, we were successful in initiating germination. After a three month drying period, the seeds were placed in 25 ml of buffered rumin fluid, pH 8 at 40°C for 48 hrs anaerobically. They were then allowed to dry at room temperature for 24 hrs, placed on moistened filter paper and enclosed within an environmental chamber. Approximately four weeks later germination was detected and verified by scanning electron microscopy; light microscopy provided inadequate resolution. An important point to note in this procedure is that scarification, which was thought to be vital for germination, proved to be unnecessary for successful germination to occur. It is believed that germination was propagated by the secretion of enzymes or prescence of acids produced by microorganisms found in the rumin fluid since sterilized rumin failed to bring about germination.

In Situ Localization of PPAR Gamma and Uncoupling Protein in Mouse Embryo Sections Using Digoxigenin-Labeled Riboprobes

1996 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 32-33
Author(s):  
C. Jennermann ◽  
S. A. Kliewer ◽  
D. C. Morris
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Uncoupling Protein ◽  
Ppar Gamma ◽  
Nuclear Hormone Receptor ◽  
Full Length ◽  
Northern Analysis ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARg) is a member of the nuclear hormone receptor superfamily and has been shown in vitro to regulate genes involved in lipid metabolism and adipocyte differentiation. By Northern analysis, we and other researchers have shown that expression of this receptor predominates in adipose tissue in adult mice, and appears first in whole-embryo mRNA at 13.5 days postconception. In situ hybridization was used to find out in which developing tissues PPARg is specifically expressed.Digoxigenin-labeled riboprobes were generated using the Genius™ 4 RNA Labeling Kit from Boehringer Mannheim. Full length PPAR gamma, obtained by PCR from mouse liver cDNA, was inserted into pBluescript SK and used as template for the transcription reaction. Probes of average size 200 base pairs were made by partial alkaline hydrolysis of the full length transcripts. The in situ hybridization assays were performed as described previously with some modifications. Frozen sections (10 μm thick) of day 18 mouse embryos were cut, fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde and acetylated with 0.25% acetic anhydride in 1.0M triethanolamine buffer. The sections were incubated for 2 hours at room temperature in pre-hybridization buffer, and were then hybridized with a probe concentration of 200μg per ml at 70° C, overnight in a humidified chamber. Following stringent washes in SSC buffers, the immunological detection steps were performed at room temperature. The alkaline phosphatase labeled, anti-digoxigenin antibody and detection buffers were purchased from Boehringer Mannheim. The sections were treated with a blocking buffer for one hour and incubated with antibody solution at a 1:5000 dilution for 2 hours, both at room temperature. Colored precipitate was formed by exposure to the alkaline phosphatase substrate nitrobluetetrazoliumchloride/ bromo-chloroindlylphosphate.

Cholesterol in Serum and Lipoprotein Fractions

1956 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 145-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph T Anderson ◽  
Ancel Keys
Keyword(s):  
Human Serum ◽  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Filter Paper ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Paper Electrophoresis ◽  
Cholesterol Content ◽  
Intraindividual Variability ◽  
Detailed Data ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Source Of Error

Abstract 1. Methods are described for the separation, by paper electrophoresis and by cold ethanol, of α- and β-lipoproteins in 0.1 ml. of serum, with subsequent analysis of cholesterol in the separated portions. 2. It is shown that both methods of separation yield separated fractions containing substantially the same amounts of cholesterol. 3. Detailed data are given on the errors of measurement for total cholesterol and for cholesterol in the separated lipoprotein fractions. 4. Studies are reported on the stability of cholesterol in stored serum and on paper electrophoresis strips. It is shown that simple drying on filter paper causes no change in cholesterol content and yields a product that is stable for many weeks at ordinary room temperature. 5. The sources of variability in human serum cholesterol values are examined and it is shown that spontaneous intraindividual variability is a much greater source of error than the errors of measurement with these methods.

Effect of concentration by ultrafiltration on the heat stability of skim-milk

1980 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 327-335 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. W. Maurice Sweetsur ◽  
D. Donald Muir
Keyword(s):  
Skim Milk ◽  
Heat Stability ◽  
High Protein ◽  
Milk Products ◽  
Total Solids

SUMMARYAn examination has been made of the heat stability characteristics of skim-milk concentrate prepared by ultrafiltration (UF). Concentrate prepared by UF was found to be more stable than that prepared by conventional evaporation. In contrast to conventional concentrate, the heat stability of UF concentrate was not appreciably affected by forewarming or addition of permitted stabilizers, but the effect of addition of urea was generally the same for both UF and conventional concentrates; an increase in heat stability was obtained if the milk total solids level was less than 14%. As with conventional concentrate, addition of simple aldehydes induced large increases in the heat stability of UF concentrate. It is suggested that a novel range of sterile milk products could be prepared from UF concentrates. Because of the high protein and low lactose contents of these concentrates, the products might be nutritionally more attractive than those prepared from conventional concentrates.

DEVELOPMENT OF CITRUS BASED BEVERAGE UTILIZING BACOPA MONNIERI

2021 ◽  
pp. 18-19
Author(s):  
Twamoghna De ◽  
Purushottam Kumar ◽  
Jayati Pal
Keyword(s):  
Sensory Evaluation ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Control Sample ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Nutritional Values ◽  
Soda Water ◽  
Three Samples ◽  
Microbial Analysis ◽  
And Storage

The study was done to formulate a drink from an old medicinal herb and retain all the potential benets with a new taste and avor. For this an herbal drink was formulated and its quality ascertained. In the rst part of the study, syrup was prepared from the raw leaves of the herb with addition of acids and avors. Then this syrup was diluted further followed by carbonation with 1:3 ratio of soda water and bottled. Three samples were prepared namely, T1 (same as previous but with 1:3 ratio carbonation and dividing the sample hot lled and cold lled ). In the next part, prepared samples were subjected to sensory evaluation,chemical and microbial analysis when fresh and 0 after regular intervals at room temperature (27±1 °C) and refrigerated temperature (below 7 C). Microbial analysis of the product was done to check the quality of the herbal drink and self-life of the product. The control sample T1 cold lled was the most acceptable due to its unique taste and avor, followed by sample T1( hot lled) . The present study entailed to conclude that preparation of a drink with B. monnieri leaf extracts gives a new taste and avor with high nutritional values. This drink can be stored safe for nearly a month if carbonated and storage at refrigerated 0 temperature (below 5 C).

Residual Alkaline Phosphatase Activity in Milks Subjected to Various Time-Temperature Treatments

1997 ◽  
Vol 60 (5) ◽  
pp. 525-530 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. J. PAINTER ◽  
R. L. BRADLEY
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Milk Product ◽  
Milk Products ◽  
Alp Activity ◽  
High Temperature Short Time ◽  
Thermally Processed ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Fluid Milk

Milk is routinely tested for proper pasteurization. The Scharer and Fluorophos methods, among others, test for residual alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity to assure proper pasteurization. Until recently there were no tests available to accurately detect residual ALP activity levels below the U.S. legal limit of 1 μg of phenol or 350 mU of ALP per liter of milk. The new Fluorophos method can detect accurately residual ALP activity levels as low as 10 mU/liter. The Fluorophos method was used to investigate residual ALP activity levels in several fluid milk products. The milk products were thermally processed under various time and temperature protocols below, at, and above current U.S. Food and Drug Administration-mandated heat treatments for fluid milk and milk products. The data established values for residual ALP activity in milks pasteurized under high-temperature short-time (HTST) and low-temperature long-time (LTLT) treatments. The mean ALP activities for whole, 2% lowfat, 1% lowfat, skim, half and half, and chocolate-flavored milks thermally processed at the legal minimum HTST pasteurization treatment are 169.7 ± 12.3, 145.2 ± 9.3, 98.6 ± 8.9, 72.5 ± 4.2, 38.4 ± 4.6 and 157.3 ± 6.5 mU/liter, respectively. The mean ALP activities generated at the legal minimum LTLT pasteurization treatment are 81.8 ± 4.8, 66.4 ± 5.9, 56.4 ± 2.1, 39.1 ± 3.9, 35.0 ± 1.2 and 91.3 ± 7.7 mU/liter, respectively. The values for all milks pasteurized at the legal minimum heat treatment were significantly below the current legal cutoff for residual ALP activity of 350 mU/liter of milk or milk product.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document