Effects of Suspension in Emulsified Wiener or Incubation in Wiener Packages on the Virulence of Listeria monocytogenes Scott A in Intragastrically Inoculated A/J Mice†

2005 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 597-601 ◽  
Author(s):  
NANCY G. FAITH ◽  
MARK L. TAMPLIN ◽  
DARRELL BAYLES ◽  
JOHN B. LUCHANSKY ◽  
CHARLES J. CZUPRYNSKI
Keyword(s):  
Listeria Monocytogenes ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Brain Heart Infusion ◽  
Systemic Infection ◽  
Brain Heart Infusion Broth ◽  
Harsh Environment ◽  
Meat Matrix

Several outbreaks of listeriosis have been associated with contamination of wieners and other ready-to-eat meat products. In this study, we addressed the question of whether emulsification in, or growth on, wieners triggers a response in the listerial cells that makes them more virulent or protects them against the harsh environment of the gastrointestinal tract in mice. Our results indicate that Listeria monocytogenes Scott A grows poorly, if at all, in one brand of commercially prepared wieners inoculated with 5 × 103 to 5 × 106 CFU per package and incubated at 15°C. Neither L. monocytogenes Scott A emulsified in a slurry of homogenized wieners nor recovered from wiener package fluid after a 7-day incubation at 15°C were more virulent when inoculated into the stomachs of A/J mice than L. monocytogenes Scott A grown in brain heart infusion broth. These findings suggest that the ability of L. monocytogenes Scott A to cause systemic infection following introduction into the gastrointestinal tract was not improved by incubation with wieners or suspension in a meat matrix.

Resistance of Listeria monocytogenes F2365 Cells to Synthetic Gastric Fluid Is Greater following Growth on Ready-to-Eat Deli Turkey Meat Than in Brain Heart Infusion Broth

2007 ◽  
Vol 70 (11) ◽  
pp. 2589-2595 ◽  
Author(s):  
LUKE D. PETERSON ◽  
NANCY G. FAITH ◽  
CHARLES J. CZUPRYNSKI
Keyword(s):  
Listeria Monocytogenes ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Stationary Phase ◽  
Brain Heart Infusion ◽  
Gastric Fluid ◽  
Brain Heart Infusion Broth ◽  
Early Stationary Phase ◽  
Turkey Meat ◽  
Enhanced Resistance

Ready-to-eat (RTE) deli meats have been categorized as high-risk foods for contraction of foodborne listeriosis. Several recent listeriosis outbreaks have been associated with the consumption of RTE deli turkey meat. In this study, we examined whether the growth of Listeria monocytogenes F2365 on commercially prepared RTE deli turkey meat causes listerial cells to become more resistant to inactivation by synthetic gastric fluid (SGF). Listerial cells grown on turkey meat to late logarithmic–early stationary phase were significantly more resistant to SGF at pH 7.0, 5.0, or 3.5 than listerial cells grown in brain heart infusion (BHI) broth. The pH was lower in the fluid in packages of turkey meat than in BHI broth (6.5 versus 7.5). However, listerial cells grown in BHI broth adjusted to a lower pH (6.0) did not exhibit enhanced resistance to SGF. The lesser resistance to SGF of listerial cells grown in BHI broth may be due, in part, to the presence of glucose (0.2%). This study indicates the environment presented by the growth of L. monocytogenes on deli turkey meat affects its ability to survive conditions it encounters in the gastrointestinal tract.

Effects of pH and Agitation on the Growth of Listeria monocytogenes Scott A in Brain Heart Infusion Broth Containing Combined Potassium Lactate and Sodium Diacetate during Storage at 4 or 10°C

2003 ◽  
Vol 66 (8) ◽  
pp. 1469-1473 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. S. YOON ◽  
C. N. BURNETTE ◽  
R. C. WHITING
Keyword(s):  
Listeria Monocytogenes ◽  
Brain Heart Infusion ◽  
Lag Time ◽  
Low Ph ◽  
Brain Heart Infusion Broth ◽  
Limited Effect ◽  
Potassium Lactate ◽  
Effects Of Ph ◽  
Sodium Diacetate ◽  
Kinetics Of

The objective of this study was to compare the effects of pH on the growth kinetics of Listeria monocytogenes Scott A in static and agitated broths stored at 4 and 10°C with and without a combination of 1.85% potassium lactate (PL) and 0.13% sodium diacetate (SDA) (3.3% of a 60% commercial solution, PURASAL P Opti.Form 4). The pH of brain heart infusion broth without (control) or with 1.85% PL + 0.13% SDA was adjusted to 5.5, 6.0, 6.5, and 7.5. L. monocytogenes Scott A was inoculated (at 102 CFU/ml) into pH-adjusted broth, which was stored at 4 or 10°C with or without agitation. At pH 5.5, a listeriostatic effect was observed for the broth containing 1.85% PL + 0.13% SDA at 4 and 10°C both with and without agitation. At pH 6.0, 1.85% PL + 0.13% SDA fully controlled the growth of L. monocytogenes Scott A in static broth at 4°C for up to 20 days and significantly slowed the growth of the pathogen in agitated broth. At 10°C, the growth of L. monocytogenes Scott A was significantly reduced by 1.85% PL + 0.13% SDA in agitated and unagitated broths. At pH 6.5, 1.85% PL + 0.13% SDA significantly suppressed the growth of L. monocytogenes Scott A at both 4°C (P < 0.001) and 10°C (P < 0.01). At pH 7.5, 1.85% PL + 0.13% SDA had a limited effect on the growth of L. monocytogenes Scott A in broth stored at 4 and 10°C. At 4°C, agitation decreased the lag time and increased the growth rate of L. monocytogenes Scott A at all tested pHs. A similar but less obvious trend was observed for broths stored at 10°C. These results indicate that lactate-diacetate combinations effectively acted with low pH and temperature to inhibit the growth of L. monocytogenes Scott A.

Inhibitory Effect of Select Nitrocompounds on Growth and Survivability of Listeria monocytogenes In Vitro†‡

2006 ◽  
Vol 69 (5) ◽  
pp. 1061-1065 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. DIMITRIJEVIC ◽  
R. C. ANDERSON ◽  
T. R. CALLAWAY ◽  
Y. S. JUNG ◽  
R. B. HARVEY ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Listeria Monocytogenes ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Specific Growth ◽  
Brain Heart Infusion ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Brain Heart Infusion Broth ◽  
Anaerobic Culture ◽  
Aerobic Culture ◽  
Specific Growth Rates

We report the effects of 2-nitro-1-propanol (2NPOH), 2-nitroethanol (2NEOH), and nitroethane (NE) on growth and survivability of Listeria monocytogenes. In all cases, inhibition was greatest with 2NPOH and least with NE. For example, specific growth rates of L. monocytogenes strain 18 declined (P < 0.05) 76, 60, and 29% from controls during aerobic culture at 37°C in brain heart infusion broth containing 10 mM 2NPOH, 2NEOH, or NE, respectively. Mean specific growth rate for the controls incubated likewise without added nitrocompound was 0.62 ± 0.02 h−1. Specific growth rates of L. monocytogenes Scott A decreased (P < 0.05) 67, 45, and 11%, respectively, from controls (0.67 ± 0.02 h−1) when cultured similarly. Specific growth rates for L. monocytogenes strain 18 incubated similarly except at 30°C were reduced (P < 0.05) 76, 60, and 30%, respectively, and were reduced (P < 0.05) 78, 23, and 23% during anaerobic culture at 30°C in brain heart infusion broth containing 15 mM 2NPOH, 2NEOH, or NE (control rates ranged from 0.37 ± 0.07 to 0.74 ± 0.05 h−1). Survivability of L. monocytogenes strain 18 was reduced (P < 0.05) during aerobic storage (4 months at 4°C) in brain heart infusion broth containing 2NPOH or 2NEOH (by 7.8 and 1.9 log units, respectively) but not NE. The inhibitory effect of 2NPOH was approximately 20% greater during growth at pH 7.0 than at pH 5.6 or 8.0. These results demonstrate the differential inhibitory activity of 2NPOH, 2NEOH, and NE against L. monocytogenes in vitro.

Microbial Competition: Effect of Culture Conditions on the Suppression of Listeria monocytogenes Scott A by Carnobacterium piscicola†

1997 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 254-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
ROBERT L. BUCHANAN ◽  
LORI K. BAGI
Keyword(s):  
Listeria Monocytogenes ◽  
Brain Heart Infusion ◽  
Oxygen Depletion ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Brain Heart Infusion Broth ◽  
Microbial Competition ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Relative Growth Rates ◽  
Carnobacterium Piscicola ◽  
Effects Of Temperature

The effects of temperature (4,12, and 19°C), pH (5, 6, and 7), and NaCl (5, 25, and 45 g/liter) on the growth of Listeria monocytogenes Scott A in the presence of either Camobacterium piscicola LK5 or 2762 were studied quantitatively in brain heart infusion broth. Strain LK5 produces a bacteriocin that is released into the environment, whereas 2762 appears to produce a bacteriocin that remains cell associated. The primary effect of both C. piscicola strains was a suppression of the maximum population density (MPD) attained by L. monocytogenes. The extent of this depression was dependent on the three culture variables, and appeared to be a function of their influence on the relative growth rates of the two species. The effects were similar with both strains. However, two bacteriocin-negative strains, 2305 and 2818, also depressed the growth of L. monocytogenes. Little of the C. piscicola isolates' ability to suppress L. monocytogenes appeared attributable to bacteriocin production. The MPD-depressing activity of 2762 could not be attributed to peroxide, pH depression, or oxygen depletion. However, MPD suppression may involve nutrient depletion, since the extent of MPD suppression was decreased in a dose-related manner when the two species were cultured in 3 × and 6× brain heart infusion broth.

Listeria monocytogenes F5069 Thermal Death Times in Liquid Whole Egg1,2

1990 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. M. FOEGEDING ◽  
N. W. STANLEY
Keyword(s):  
Listeria Monocytogenes ◽  
Safety Factor ◽  
Capillary Tube ◽  
Brain Heart Infusion ◽  
Heating Time ◽  
Brain Heart Infusion Broth ◽  
Initial Population ◽  
Thermal Death ◽  
Liquid Whole Egg ◽  
Whole Egg

Thermal death times (F-values) for L. monocytogenes F5069 inoculated into sterile liquid whole egg were determined between 62 and 73°C by a submerged capillary tube procedure. The initial population was 5 × 106 to 2 × 107 CFU/tube (0.05 ml). High populations intentionally were selected to build in a safety factor. At each temperature, F-values were determined to be the shortest heating time which did not permit recovery of L. monocytogenes from six or more replicate tubes. L. monocytogenes were recovered by incubating the entire contents of the capillary tube in brain heart infusion broth at 25°C for 2 weeks. At 62°C, F = 16 min and at 69°C, F = 1.6 min. The zF-value was 7.1°C. Minimal pasteurization of egg would not result in product free from L. monocytogenes if initial populations were large. Ultrapasteurization processes may be designed to produce product free from L. monocytogenes and appropriate for prolonged refrigeration.

scholarly journals Multiple Deletions of the Osmolyte Transporters BetL, Gbu, and OpuC of Listeria monocytogenes Affect Virulence and Growth at High Osmolarity

2002 ◽  
Vol 68 (10) ◽  
pp. 4710-4716 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henrike H. Wemekamp-Kamphuis ◽  
Jeroen A. Wouters ◽  
Roy D. Sleator ◽  
Cormac G. M. Gahan ◽  
Colin Hill ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Listeria Monocytogenes ◽  
Brain Heart Infusion ◽  
Systemic Infection ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Transport Systems ◽  
Triple Mutant ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Single Deletion ◽  
Drastic Effect ◽  
Uptake Studies

ABSTRACT The success of Listeria monocytogenes as a food-borne pathogen owes much to its ability to survive a variety of stresses, both in the food environment and, after ingestion, within the animal host. Growth at high salt concentrations is attributed mainly to the accumulation of organic solutes such as glycine betaine and carnitine. We characterized L. monocytogenes LO28 strains with single, double, and triple deletions in the osmolyte transport systems BetL, Gbu, and OpuC. When single deletion mutants were tested, Gbu was found to have the most drastic effect on the rate of growth in brain heart infusion (BHI) broth with 6% added NaCl. The highest reduction in growth rate was found for the triple mutant LO28BCG (ΔbetL ΔopuC Δgbu), although the mutant was still capable of growth under these adverse conditions. In addition, we analyzed the growth and survival of this triple mutant in an animal (murine) model. LO28BCG showed a significant reduction in its ability to cause systemic infection following peroral coinoculation with the wild-type parent. Altering OpuC alone resulted in similar effects (R. D. Sleator, J. Wouters, C. G. M. Gahan, T. Abee, and C. Hill, Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 67:2692-2698, 2001), leading to the assumption that OpuC may play an important role in listerial pathogenesis. Analysis of the accumulation of osmolytes revealed that betaine is accumulated up to 300 μmol/g (dry weight) when grown in BHI broth plus 6% NaCl whereas no carnitine accumulation could be detected. Radiolabeled-betaine uptake studies revealed an inability of BGSOE (ΔbetL Δgbu) and LO28BCG to transport betaine. Indeed, for LO28BCG, no accumulated betaine was found, but carnitine was accumulated in this strain up to 600 μmol/g (dry weight) of cells, indicating the presence of a possible fourth osmolyte transporter.

Growth, Injury, and Survival Potential of Yersinia enterocolitica. Listeria monocytogenes, and Staphylococcus aureus in Brine Chiller Conditions†

1997 ◽  
Vol 60 (11) ◽  
pp. 1334-1340 ◽  
Author(s):  
ARTHUR J. MILLER ◽  
JEFFREY E. CALL ◽  
B. SHAWN EBLEN
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Listeria Monocytogenes ◽  
Yersinia Enterocolitica ◽  
Brain Heart Infusion ◽  
Brain Heart Infusion Broth ◽  
Processed Foods ◽  
Survival Potential ◽  
And Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Significant Injury

A model brine system was used to evaluate growth, injury, and survival potential of Yersinia enterocolitica. Listeria monocytogenes, and Staphylococcus aureus. Each strain was incubated for up to 30 days at −12 to 28°C in brain heart infusion broth containing 0.5 to 20% NaCl. Samples were enumerated on a dual agar plating system to assess growth and injury. Y. enterocolitica grew at −2°C in 0.5% brine and at 5°C in 5% NaCl. L. monocytogenes grew at 5°C in 5% NaCl and at 12°C in 9% NaCl. S. aureus grew at 12°C in 5% NaCl. Significant injury was observed for two of the pathogens, but not for L. monocytogenes. Bacteriostatic or lethal conditions were maintained for the three organisms at −2°C and 9% NaCl. While lethal NaCl and temperature combinations were defined for Y. enterocolitica and S. aureus. L. monocytogenes survived for 30 days at −12°C in 20% NaCl. This study provides safety criteria and recommendations for use in the operation of recycle brine systems for cooling processed foods.

Diversity Assessment of Heat Resistance of Listeria monocytogenes Strains in a Continuous-Flow Heating System

2009 ◽  
Vol 72 (5) ◽  
pp. 999-1004 ◽  
Author(s):  
STIJN van der VEEN ◽  
ARJEN WAGENDORP ◽  
TJAKKO ABEE ◽  
MARJON H. J. WELLS-BENNIK
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Listeria Monocytogenes ◽  
Continuous Flow ◽  
Foodborne Pathogen ◽  
Brain Heart Infusion ◽  
Brain Heart Infusion Broth ◽  
Heat Resistant ◽  
High Temperature Short Time ◽  
Diversity Assessment ◽  
Short Time

Listeria monocytogenes is a foodborne pathogen that has the ability to survive relatively high temperatures compared with other nonsporulating foodborne pathogens. This study was performed to determine whether L. monocytogenes strains with relatively high heat resistances are adequately inactivated in a high-temperature, short-time pasteurization process (72°C for 15 s). To obtain heat-resistant strains, 48 strains were exposed to 55°C for up to 3 h. The energy of activation constant and inactivation constant of strains that survived best (strains 1E and NV8) were subsequently determined in a continuous-flow-through system. Strain Scott A was taken along as a reference. The 3 strains were cultured in whole milk and in brain heart infusion broth at 30 and 7°C. Strains 1E and NV8 were significantly more heat resistant than was strain Scott A after growth in brain heart infusion broth at 30°C and after growth in milk at 7°C. From the inactivation parameters, it was calculated that exposure to high-temperature, short-time pasteurization (72°C for 15 s) will result in 12.1-, 14.2-, and 87.5-log reductions for the strains 1E, NV8, and Scott A, respectively. These results demonstrate that industrial pasteurization conditions suffice to inactivate the most heat-resistant L. monocytogenes strains tested in this study.

scholarly journals PSIX-18 Laurate and its glycerol monoester, monolaurin, as potential additives to control Listeria monocytogenes and tetracycline resistant Enterococcus faecalis in air-exposed silage

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. 414-415
Author(s):  
Yamicela Castillo-Castillo ◽  
Marina Ontiveros ◽  
Eric J Scholljegerdes ◽  
Robin Anderson ◽  
Claudio Arzola-Alvarez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Listeria Monocytogenes ◽  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Brain Heart Infusion ◽  
Bactericidal Effect ◽  
Complete Elimination ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Viable Cells ◽  
Colony Forming Units ◽  
Feed Value ◽  
Risk Infection

Abstract Silages can harbor pathogenic and antimicrobial resistant microbes which risk infection of food-producing animals. Livestock producers need effective yet environmentally friendly interventions to preserve the feed value of these fermented materials. Medium chain fatty acids such as laurate and its glycerol monoester, monolaurin, are potent inhibitors of many Gram-positive bacteria and when tested at 5 mg/mL in anaerobic cultures (n = 3/treatment) inoculated with 105 colony forming units (CFU) of Listeria monocytogenes and grown at 37oC in ½ strength Brain Heart infusion broth achieved near complete elimination of viable cells after 6 h compared to a 2.2 ± 0.1 log10 CFU/mL increase observed in controls. Culture of a tetracycline-resistant Enterococcus faecalis with 5 mg laurate/mL likewise achieved near complete elimination of viable cells (5 log10 CFU/mL) by 6 h incubation. The bactericidal effect of 5 mg monolaurin was less against E. faecalis, achieving a decrease of 1.8 ± 0.2 log10 CFU/mL and not decreased further after 24 h. When tested against air-exposed silage, pH 7.53 (4 g), mixed with 4 mL water, 5 mg laurate or monolaurin decreased viability of experimentally-inoculated L. monocytogenes (105 CFU/g silage) more (P < 0.05) than untreated controls after 24 h aerobic incubation (22oC), with viable counts being decreased 6.3 ± 0.1, 5.9 ± 0.8 and 4.5 ± 0.1 log10 CFU/g, respectively. In contrast, viable recovery of the experimentally-inoculated (105 CFU/g) tetracycline-resistant E. faecalis was reduced more (P < 0.05) than controls (decreased 0.7 ± 0.1 log10 CFU/g) after 6 h incubation when similarly tested with laurate and monolaurin (1.7 ± 0.5 and 3.0 ± 0.9 log10 CFU/g, respectively) but counts after 24 h were similar, decreasing on average 2.0 ± 0.5 log10 CFU/g). Results indicate laurate and monolaurin may be useful in killing L. monocytogenes and tetracycline-resistant E. faecalis during silage feed-out.

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