Salmonella Outbreaks in Restaurants in Minnesota, 1995 through 2003: Evaluation of the Role of Infected Foodworkers

2006 ◽  
Vol 69 (8) ◽  
pp. 1870-1878 ◽  
Author(s):  
CARLOTA MEDUS ◽  
KIRK E. SMITH ◽  
JEFFREY B. BENDER ◽  
JOHN M. BESSER ◽  
CRAIG W. HEDBERG
Keyword(s):  
Median Duration ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Environmental Samples ◽  
Median Number ◽  
Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Gastrointestinal Illness ◽  
Pulsed Field ◽  
Specific Food

The 23 restaurant-associated salmonellosis outbreaks that occurred in Minnesota from 1995 through 2003 were reviewed to characterize the role of infected foodworkers. The median duration of the outbreaks was 21 days (range, 1 to 517 days). The median number of culture-confirmed patron cases per outbreak was seven (range, 1 to 36 cases). The median incubation for patron cases ranged from9hto5.9 days. A specific food vehicle was implicated in four outbreaks and suspected in five. Salmonella of the same serotype and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis subtype as that found in patrons was recovered from foodworkers in 19 outbreaks. Overall, 12% (129 of 1,033) of foodworkers tested positive for Salmonella. Sixty-four (53%) of 121 Salmonella-positive foodworkers reported not having had a recent gastrointestinal illness. Overall, the median duration of Salmonella shedding was 16 days. Among foodworkers who reported gastrointestinal illness, the median shedding duration was 30 days as compared with 3 days for asymptomatic foodworkers. Positive environmental samples were recovered in 4 (33%) of 12 outbreaks. No specific food vehicle was identified in any outbreaks associated with Salmonella-positive environmental samples. The median duration of outbreaks with positive environmental samples (187 days) was significantly longer than the median duration of outbreaks with negative environmental results (26 days, P = 0.03). A higher proportion of Salmonella-positive foodworkers (22 versus 8%) was identified in outbreaks with positive environmental samples. Salmonella outbreaks in restaurants are frequently prolonged yet produce a small number of confirmed patron cases. Prolonged outbreak durations suggest a persistent reservoir of contamination. Infected foodworkers likely serve as an important source for Salmonella transmission. Therefore, assessment of foodworker infection is essential for controlling restaurant outbreaks.

scholarly journals The role of roof rats (Rattus rattus) in the spread ofSalmonellaEnteritidis andS. Infantis contamination in layer farms in eastern Japan

2007 ◽  
Vol 136 (9) ◽  
pp. 1235-1243 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. LAPUZ ◽  
H. TANI ◽  
K. SASAI ◽  
K. SHIROTA ◽  
H. KATOH ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Environmental Samples ◽  
Rattus Rattus ◽  
Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Field Pattern ◽  
Pulsed Field ◽  
Field Patterns ◽  
Eastern Japan

SUMMARYThe prevalence ofSalmonellain four layer farms in eastern Japan was investigated between 2004 and 2006 to determine the role of roof rats (Rattus rattus) in the epizootology ofSalmonella entericasubsp.entericaserovar Enteritidis (S. Enteritidis). PersistentS. Enteritidis andS. Infantis contamination of the environment and pooled egg samples were detected in three out of four layer farms. A total of 113 (13·3%) and 158 (18·6%) out of 851 rats examined were positive forS. Enteritidis andS. Infantis, respectively. By pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, only one indistinguishable pulsed-field pattern was yielded byS. Enteritidis strains from rats, eggs and environmental samples from each of the two contaminated layer farms. Although, a variety of pulsed-field patterns were generated byS. Enteritidis isolates from rats, eggs, and the environment of the other contaminated farms, there are, however, someS. Enteritidis strains that are closely related clones. These results suggest that roof rats are carriers ofS. Enteritidis andS. Infantis and that persistentS. Enteritidis andS. Infantis infections in a rat population may play an important role in the spread and maintenance of these pathogens inside the layer premises.

scholarly journals Trend of Salmonella enterica occurrence and serotypes in Sardinian pig slaughterhouses

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuliana Siddi ◽  
Francesca Piras ◽  
Vincenzo Spanu ◽  
Mariella Demontis ◽  
Maria Pina Meloni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Population Study ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Environmental Samples ◽  
Sharp Decrease ◽  
Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Pulsed Field ◽  
Salmonella Serotypes ◽  
Slaughtered Pigs

The aim of this study was to evaluate Salmonella prevalence and serotypes in four Sardinian pig slaughterhouses. Moreover, a population study was conducted with pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). The results were compared with previous investigations carried out during years 2008 and 2014. A total of 147 samples were collected, 117 from slaughtered pigs (lymph nodes, colon content and carcass surface) and 30 from the slaughterhouse environment (surfaces in contact and not in contact with meat). Salmonella was isolated from 3.4% pig samples and was not detected from environmental samples. Comparing the results with those of previous investigations, occurrence showed a sharp decrease through the years in both animals (18.8% in 2008, 10% in 2014 and 3.4% in 2020) and environmental samples (34.1% in 2008, 3.7 in 2014, and 0% in 2020). At the same time, prevalence of carriers (pigs positive at lymph nodes and/or colon content level) showed a reduction through the years and was always lower in animals coming from local farms rather than those coming from other European Member States, probably indicating the role of stressful factors as transport in increasing Salmonella susceptibility and shedding. Salmonella serotypes were monophasic Typhimurium, Rissen and Muenchen. Overall, 13 different Salmonella serotypes were identified during the three surveys with the most prevalent being serotypes often isolated from slaughtered pigs and during human salmonellosis cases: S. Derby and S. Typhimurium in 2008, S. Anatum and S. Rissen in 2014, monophasic S. Typhimurium in 2020. Population study with pulsed field gel electrophoresis showed a high similarity between Salmonella strains belonging to the same serotype. The results of the investigations showed a decrease of Salmonella occurrence during twelve years in Sardinia, probably due to the improvement in the application of correct GMPs and GHPs at slaughterhouse and also to a reduction of the rate of carrier pigs at farm level.

scholarly journals Outbreak of Salmonella enterica serotype Muenster infections associated with goat's cheese, France, March 2008

2009 ◽  
Vol 14 (31) ◽  
Author(s):  
D van Cauteren ◽  
N Jourdan-da Silva ◽  
F X Weill ◽  
L King ◽  
A Brisabois ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Consumption ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Gastrointestinal Illness ◽  
Pulsed Field

Salmonella enterica serotype Muenster (hereafter referred to as S. Muenster) is rare in France and in Europe. In France, a nationwide outbreak of gastrointestinal illness due to S. Muenster occurred during March and April 2008. Twenty-five laboratory-confirmed cases of S. Muenster were documented by telephone using a trawling questionnaire. Four patients were admitted to hospital and no death was recorded. Among the 21 interviewed cases, 16 reported consumption of goat's cheese in the days prior to symptoms. The investigation incriminated goat's cheese from producer X as being the most likely source of the outbreak. S. Muenster was isolated from both cases and the incriminated goat's cheese. The pulsed-field gel electrophoresis profiles of the food isolates of producer X and the isolates from cases were indistinguishable. Following the withdrawal of the contaminated batch of cheese, the number of cases decreased to its usual level. To our knowledge, this is the first published outbreak of S. Muenster associated with food consumption in Europe.

Monitoring of Chicken Houses and an Attached Egg-Processing Facility in a Laying Farm for Salmonella Contamination between 1994 and 1998

2001 ◽  
Vol 64 (12) ◽  
pp. 1912-1916 ◽  
Author(s):  
TOSHIYUKI MURASE ◽  
KAZUKO SENJYU ◽  
TAKESHI MAEDA ◽  
MASAYUKI TANAKA ◽  
HIROSHI SAKAE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Environmental Samples ◽  
Pfge Pattern ◽  
Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Drain Water ◽  
Pulsed Field ◽  
Processing Facility ◽  
Single Clone

Two chicken houses and an attached egg-processing facility in a laying farm were sampled between 1994 and 1998 to investigate Salmonella contamination. Each of the houses was environmentally controlled and fitted with egg belts that transported eggs from the houses to the egg-processing facility. Four hundred twenty-eight Salmonella isolates were obtained from 904 environmental samples collected from the houses. Two hundred fifty-two of the 428 (58.9%) isolates yielded five serotypes as follows: Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Livingstone, Salmonella serovar Cerro, Salmonella serovar Montevideo, Salmonella serovar Mbandaka, and Salmonella serovar Corvallis. The remaining (41.1%, 176 of 428) isolates included four other serotypes and isolates that were untypeable. Salmonella isolates obtained from the drain water collected after the washing of the eggs in the egg-processing facility yielded the same serotypes as those found in the chicken houses. Strains having an identical pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) pattern were continually recovered from a house for more than 1 year. Several strains of Salmonella Cerro, Salmonella Mbandaka, and Salmonella Montevideo obtained from both the houses and from the egg-processing facility were indistinguishable by PFGE, respectively. These results suggest that Salmonella organisms originating from a single clone colonized the chicken houses and that the egg belts are likely to be one of the means by which Salmonella organisms are spread from one house to the others.

Enrichment culture can bias the isolation ofCampylobactersubtypes

2011 ◽  
Vol 140 (7) ◽  
pp. 1227-1235 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. K. WILLIAMS ◽  
L. C. SAIT ◽  
T. A. COGAN ◽  
F. JØRGENSEN ◽  
R. GROGONO-THOMAS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Environmental Samples ◽  
Broiler Chicken ◽  
Enrichment Culture ◽  
Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Enrichment Method ◽  
Enrichment Broth ◽  
Pulsed Field ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
Significant Difference

SUMMARYEnrichment culture is often used to isolateCampylobacter. This study compared isolation ofCampylobacterspp. from 119 broiler chicken environments from two farms, using Preston and modified Exeter (mExeter) and modified Bolton (mBolton) enrichments. mExeter was significantly more effective in isolatingCampylobacterspp. from the environmental samples compared to Preston (P<0·001) and mBolton (P<0·04) broths but there was no significant difference between the latter two methods (P>0·05). Enrichment broth type did not affect isolation from chicken faecal or soil and litter samples.C. jejuniwas isolated from significantly more environmental samples using mExeter broth compared to Preston (P<0·01) and mBolton (P<0·003) broths; there was no difference between the latter two methods or between all methods for detection ofC. coli(P>0·05). OnlyC. coliwas isolated from the soil and litter samples and although bothC. jejuniandC. coliwere recovered from the faecal samples there was no effect of using different enrichment broths. The majority of samples where the same species had been isolated yielded the same or closely related genotypes as defined by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. Isolates recovered using Preston and mBolton broths were less genetically diverse than those from mExeter broth. We conclude that the enrichment method used affects both the number and species ofCampylobacterisolated from naturally contaminated samples.

scholarly journals Detection of Carbapenemase Genes in Aquatic Environments in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

2016 ◽  
Vol 60 (7) ◽  
pp. 4380-4383 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Felipe Machado de Araujo ◽  
Dalton Marcondes Silva ◽  
Marcos Tavares Carneiro ◽  
Sthefanie Ribeiro ◽  
Marcela Fontana-Maurell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Samples ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Multilocus Sequence Typing ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Aquatic Environments ◽  
Gene Pools ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Pulsed Field

ABSTRACTThis study reveals the presence of different carbapenemase genes (blaKPC,blaNDM,blaGES, andblaOXA48-likegenes) detected directly from water samples and clonal dispersion (by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis [PFGE] and multilocus sequence typing [MLST]) of KPC-2-producingEnterobacteriaceaein two important urban aquatic matrixes from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, highlighting the role of aquatic environments as gene pools and the possibility of community spreading.

scholarly journals Tracing of Listeria monocytogenes Contamination Routes in Fermented Sausage Production Chain by Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis Typing

Foods ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valerij Pažin ◽  
Dean Jankuloski ◽  
Lidija Kozačinski ◽  
Vesna Dobranić ◽  
Bela Njari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Listeria Monocytogenes ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Environmental Samples ◽  
Detection System ◽  
Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Group Method ◽  
Fermented Sausage ◽  
Production Chain ◽  
Pulsed Field

In this study, the presence of Listeria monocytogenes was assessed along the production process of fermented sausages in a small-scale facility. Following the isolation of the pathogen from the final product (ISO 11290-1), retrospective sampling was performed during the production of a new batch of sausages, including raw materials, casings, additives, sausage mixtures, sausages during fermentation, and environmental samples. L. monocytogenes was recovered from the following sampling points: the defrosting room and the cuttering, mixing, stuffing, and fermentation phases. Ten strains were isolated, molecularly confirmed as L. monocytogenes by means of a molecular detection system, and subjected to pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) typing. On the basis of an unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA) dendrogram from Ascl pulsotypes, the strains were indistinguishable (no band difference). The same pulsotypes of strains present in both batches of sausages, as well as in environmental samples, indicated the persistence of L. monocytogenes in the sausage production unit.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document