Peroxide Test Strips Detect Added Hydrogen Peroxide in Raw Milk at Levels Affecting Bacterial Load

2014 ◽  
Vol 77 (10) ◽  
pp. 1809-1813 ◽  
Author(s):  
NICOLE H. MARTIN ◽  
ADAM FRIEDLANDER ◽  
ALLEN MOK ◽  
DAVID KENT ◽  
MARTIN WIEDMANN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Bacterial Load ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
The United States ◽  
Test Strips ◽  
Predicted Probability ◽  
Milk Adulteration ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Use

Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) has a long-established history of use as a preservative in milk worldwide. The use of H2O2 to activate the inherent lactoperoxidase enzyme system has dramatically improved the quality of raw dairy products in areas in which cooling is not widely available. In the United States, however, where refrigeration is widely available, the addition of H2O2 to milk is not permitted, with the exception of certain applications prior to cheesemaking and during the preparation of modified whey. Due to the relatively quick deterioration of H2O2 in fluid milk, the detection of raw milk adulterated with the compound can be challenging. In this study we evaluated (i) total aerobic bacterial counts and (ii) ability of peroxide test strips to detect H2O2 in raw milk with various concentrations (0, 100, 300, 500, 700, and 900 ppm) of added H2O2, incubated at both 6 and 21°C for 0, 24, and 48 h. Results showed that at both 6 and 21°C the H2O2 concentration and time had a significant effect on bacterial loads in raw milk. Additionally, commercially available test strips were able to detect H2O2 in raw milk, with predicted probability of >90%, immediately after addition and after 24 and 48 h for the higher concentrations used, offering a viable method for detecting raw milk adulteration with H2O2.

scholarly journals Patient Attitudes Toward Testicular Prosthesis Placement After Orchiectomy

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 155798831986101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashwin Srivatsav ◽  
Adithya Balasubramanian ◽  
Mohit Butaney ◽  
Nannan Thirumavalavan ◽  
J. Abram McBride ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Standard Of Care ◽  
The United States ◽  
Patient Attitudes ◽  
Psychosocial Burden ◽  
Cosmetic Appearance ◽  
Self Confidence ◽  
Implant Positioning ◽  
History Of

Orchiectomy is the standard of care for many testicular conditions. Testicular prosthesis placement (TPP) can mitigate psychosocial burden, restore self-image, and improve quality of life for patients requiring orchiectomy. Limited data exist regarding patient attitudes and counseling on TPP in the United States. The objective of this study was to characterize patient experiences after TPP, rationale for pursuing/declining TPP, and satisfaction levels. Patients with a history of urologic conditions warranting orchiectomy were identified and sent an anonymous survey addressing demographics, pre/post counseling, attitudes toward TPP, satisfaction rates, and postoperative complications. Sixteen percent (76/480) of patients completed the survey. Of these, 50.8% (32/63) undergoing orchiectomy were counseled by their surgeon about TPP, and 22.2% (14/63) received a prosthesis. The most common reasons for declining TPP included lack of concern for cosmetic appearance and lack of counseling. Leading reasons for pursuing TPP included improving self-confidence and cosmetic appearance. Although 71% (10/14) of patients were satisfied with TPP, they did highlight areas for improvement. Twenty percent (2/10) felt their implant was too high, 60% (6/10) felt their implant was too firm, 10% (1/10) endorsed discomfort during sex, and 30% (3/10) felt that TPP did not match their size expectations. Despite these findings, 71% (10/14) reported that they would have TPP again and 79% (11/14) would recommend TPP to others. TPP improves body image and quality of life following orchiectomy. Provider counseling plays an important role in influencing a patient’s decision to undergo TPP. Areas of improvement include implant positioning and more effective replication of testicular consistency.

Principal Currents in the Economic Historiography of Latin America

1971 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 222-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stanley J. Stein ◽  
Shane J. Hunt
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Economic History ◽  
The United States ◽  
Economic Systems ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
French School ◽  
History Of ◽  
And Function

It will perhaps clarify the remarks that follow if we observe at the outset that the economic history of Latin America is in its infancy. This is not to say that the development of economic institutions, the operation of economic systems, the formation and growth of economic activities and attitudes, and the formulation and execution of economic policy have gone unnoticed in the history of Latin America. It is only to state that the formal discipline of economic history, even the use of economic history as part of a title, are of recent date. As in the historiography of most areas of the world, political developments and personalities in Latin America have constituted the core of historiography, and even today the “new” interdisciplinary history of half a century ago in the United States or the more recent French school of “total” history have drawn few adherents to Latin America. Many factors may be adduced to explain the delayed interest in economic history, but one may hazard the guess that there is a positive correlation between the degree of criticism of the nature and function of an economy and both the quantity and quality of economic historiography. At least in the United States, economic history owes no small debt to a muck-raking tradition. In Latin America, on the contrary, the nature of the literate elite and the limits on education have tended to stifle until recently the development of a body of economic literature of protest and, by extension, of economic history.

Historiography (2001)

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce Trigger
Keyword(s):  
Social History ◽  
Historical Review ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Smithsonian Institution ◽  
The United States ◽  
History Of Archaeology ◽  
American Archaeology ◽  
The Public ◽  
History Of

Historical works dealing with archaeology have been written to entertain the public, commemorate important archaeologists and research projects, instruct students in the basic concepts of the discipline, justify particular programmes or ideas, disparage the work of rivals, and, most recently, try to resolve theoretical problems. These studies have taken the form of autobiographies, biographies, accounts of the development of the discipline as a whole, investigations of specific institutions or projects, and examinations of particular theories and approaches. They have used the analytical techniques of intellectual and social history and sought to treat their subject objectively, critically, hermeneutically, and polemically. Over time, historical studies have become more numerous, diversified, and sophisticated. Histories of archaeology are being written for all parts of the world, and in a growing number of countries, a large amount of material is being produced at local as well as national levels. There is no end in sight to the growing interest in this form of research. The history of archaeology has been written mainly by professional archaeologists, who have no training in history or the history of science, and by popularizers. Only a small number of these studies have been produced by professional historians. Archaeology has attracted little attention from historians of science, despite its considerable interest to philosophers of science. This lack of interest is hard to understand since the difficulties inherent in inferring human behaviour from archaeological evidence make archaeology an ideal discipline for addressing many of the issues of objectivity that are currently of interest to historians of science. The earliest use of the history of archaeology appears to have been for didactic purposes. In the mid-nineteenth century, the physicist Joseph Henry, the first secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, sought to purge American archaeology of useless speculation and to encourage an interest in factual research. To do this, he commissioned Samuel F. Haven, the librarian of the American Antiquarian Society, to write a critical historical review of studies of American prehistory titled Archaeology of the United States (1856). To improve the quality of American archaeology, Henry also published reports on developments in the discipline in the Annual Report of the Smithsonian Institution, which was widely distributed in North America.

Albert L. Operti: chronicler of Arctic exploration

Polar Record ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 276-293
Author(s):  
Douglas W. Wamsley
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
The Body ◽  
Polar Regions ◽  
Written Narratives ◽  
Professional Career ◽  
The Public ◽  
Metropolitan Opera ◽  
History Of ◽  
Arctic Exploration

ABSTRACTThe great wave of immigrants to the United States during the late 1800s brought many talented individuals who enriched American culture and society. Notable among them stands the Italian-born artist, Albert L. Operti (1852–1927), a versatile painter, illustrator and sculptor. For much of his professional career, Operti served as a scenic artist for the Metropolitan Opera House and later as an exhibit artist for the American Museum of Natural History. However, he maintained an avid personal interest in polar explorers and the history of polar exploration, ultimately turning his artistic skills to the subject. Operti served as official artist for Robert E. Peary during his Arctic expeditions of 1896 and 1897, producing paintings, drawings and even plaster casts of the Inuit from the expedition. Over the course of his lifetime he painted a number of ‘great’ pictures depicting, in a factually accurate manner, important incidents in Arctic history along with numerous smaller paintings, sketches, illustrations and studies. The quality of his work never rivaled his more talented contemporaries in the field of ‘great’ paintings, such as the prominent artists William Bradford and Frederic Church. Nonetheless, Operti achieved some recognition in his time as a painter of historical Arctic scenes, but the full extent of his contributions are little known and have been largely unexamined. Unlike the explorers themselves whose legacy rests upon geographic or scientific accomplishments and written narratives, Operti's legacy stands upon the body of distinctive artwork that served to convey, in realistic and graphic terms, the hardships and accomplishments of those explorers. This article recounts the life of Operti and his role as an historian in disseminating knowledge of the polar regions and its explorers to the public.

The In Vitro and In Vivo Genotoxicity of Benzocaine: A Brief Communication

2012 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 222-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
William J. Brock ◽  
Thomas A. Bell
Keyword(s):  
Micronucleus Assay ◽  
The United States ◽  
Fda Approval ◽  
History Of ◽  
Good Laboratory ◽  
History Of Use ◽  
Mutation Assay ◽  
Forward Mutation

Benzocaine has a long history of use in human medicine. However, benzocaine also has been used in aquaculture with finfish for more than 40 years for sedating fish for marking, transport, surgery, and so on, although benzocaine does not have a current Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval for this application in the United States. As part of a FDA approval for use as an animal drug, the genotoxicity of benzocaine was evaluated in the in vitro bacterial reverse mutation assay and the forward mutation assay and in vivo in the mouse micronucleus assay. These studies were conducted in compliance with Good Laboratory Practice regulations and according to Veterinary International Conference on Harmonisation guidelines. Based on the results of these studies, benzocaine was determined not to be genotoxic.

Music Therapy in the Management of Dementia

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Blanka Klímová ◽  
Kamil Kuča ◽  
Martin Vališ
Keyword(s):  
Music Therapy ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Behavioral Symptoms ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Dementia Patients ◽  
History Of ◽  
Review Study ◽  
History Of Use ◽  
Cognitive Competency

Background: Due to the increase in life expectancies and the number of aging population worldwide, there is a rise of aging diseases, out of which the most common is dementia. Therefore, researchers all over the world look for another alternative ways that can improve cognitive competency and neuropsychiatric disorders of these people in order to assist them in maintaining the quality of their life and reducing the overall economic burden. One of the alternative approache seems to be non-pharmacological therapies, which are non-invasive, with minimum side effects and definitely less costly, such as a music therapy (MT). Objective: The purpose of this review study is to discuss benefits and limitations of music therapy in the management of dementia. Method: This was done by conducting a literature review of available sources found in the Web of Science, Scopus and MEDLINE. Results: The findings show that MT may be a promising non-invasive strategy with a long history of use, relatively favorable acceptance among patients with dementia, and its efficacy especially in the treatment of psycho-behavioral symptoms of dementia. Conclusion: However, more research should be conducted in the area of cognitive functioning, as well as on the mechanism of MT for dementia patients.

scholarly journals Shiitake Mushroom: A Tool of Medicine

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taufiqur Rahman ◽  
MBK Choudhury
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cholesterol ◽  
Gastric Ulcers ◽  
Shiitake Mushroom ◽  
Medicinal Mushrooms ◽  
Medicinal Uses ◽  
Nutritional Values ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Use

Medicinal mushrooms have an established history of use in traditional oriental therapies. Contemporary research has validated and documented much of the ancient knowledge. Over the last three decades, the interdisciplinary fields of science that study medicinal mushrooms has sprung up and has increasingly demonstrated the potent and unique properties of compounds extracted from a range of species. Currently, the field is being developed into a very fruitful area. Modern clinical practice in Japan, China, Korea and other Asian countries rely on mushroom-derived preparations.Mushrooms have been studied for nutritional and medical purposes for its various potential anti-tumoral and immunomodulatory componests like polysaccharides that have been identified. For medical purposes, mushrooms have been consumed to prevent cancer and cardiac diseases, to improve blood circulation and to reduce blood cholesterol level. Some of these mushrooms have also been used for the treatment of physical and emotional stress, osteoporosis, gastric ulcers and chronic hepatitis, for the improvement of the quality of life of patients with diabetes and especially for the stimulation of immunity.Shiitake has a history of medicinal uses. The mushroom is used as anticarcinogenic, antiinflammatory, antioxidant, antifungal, antibacterial, antiviral as well as antithrombotic in cardiovascular disorders. This article has been written to throw some light on Shiitake mushroom which has many nutritional values. Many Shiitake preparations came in market containing the active ingredients which can replace many other marketed synthetic medicines and may prove to have promising results with fewer side effects. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjmb.v5i1.13428 Bangladesh J Med Biochem 2012; 5(1): 24-32

A Quantitative Approach to the Russian Past: A Comment on “European Statistics, Russian Numbers and Social Dynamics, 1861–1914” by Alessandro Stanziani

Slavic Review ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-44
Author(s):  
Andrei Markevich ◽  
Ekaterina Zhuravskaya
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Economic History ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Social Dynamics ◽  
The United States ◽  
Quantitative Approach ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
History Of ◽  
Potential Benefits

Alessandro Stanziani’s article re-launches the discussion about the quality of Russian imperial statistics and the relevance of quantitative analysis for historical research at an important moment for Russia’s economic history, when a lot of new data are being compiled and used by scholars. Similar productive discussions took place at other critical junctions for the fields of history, economics, political science, and other social sciences. For example, Robert Fogel’s and Stanley Engerman’s “Time on the Cross” (1974) triggered a profound discussion of potential benefits and limitations of quantitative approach to studying the history of the United States. The punch line of that discussion can be illustrated by the justification of the 1993 Nobel Prize in economics dedicated to Fogel “for having renewed research in economic history by applying economic theory and quantitative methods in order to explain economic and institutional change.” In the context of Russian history, similar discussions took place in the Soviet Union in the 1970s between Ivan Koval'chenko and Boris Litvak and then later in this journal in the 1990s.

Development of Hospice and Palliative Care in the United States

2008 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen R. Connor
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Palliative Care ◽  
Health Care Industry ◽  
The United States ◽  
Regulatory Change ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Care Industry ◽  
History Of ◽  
Hospice And Palliative Care

More than 30 years have passed since palliative care was introduced in the United States, and what began as a small rebellion has evolved into a fairly large health care industry. Although the palliative care movement has considerably improved the care given to those at the end of life, many challenges remain for palliative care providers in the United States. This article discusses the history of hospice and palliative care in the United States, the Medicare Hospice Benefit, the growth of hospice and palliative care, and challenges such as the need for regulatory change, workforce issues, improving access to care, and improving the quality of palliative care.

scholarly journals Changes of Soybean Protein during Tofu Processing

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1594
Author(s):  
Xiangfei Guan ◽  
Xuequn Zhong ◽  
Yuhao Lu ◽  
Xin Du ◽  
Rui Jia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Production Process ◽  
Soy Protein ◽  
Soybean Protein ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Protein Gel ◽  
Composition And Structure ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Use

Tofu has a long history of use and is rich in high-quality plant protein; however, its production process is relatively complicated. The tofu production process includes soybean pretreatment, soaking, grinding, boiling, pulping, pressing, and packing. Every step in this process has an impact on the soy protein and, ultimately, affects the quality of the tofu. Furthermore, soy protein gel is the basis for the formation of soy curd. This review summarizes the series of changes in the composition and structure of soy protein that occur during the processing of tofu (specifically, during the pressing, preservation, and packaging steps) and the effects of soybean varieties, storage conditions, soybean milk pretreatment, and coagulant types on the structure of soybean protein and the quality of tofu. Finally, we highlight the advantages and limitations of current research and provide directions for future research in tofu production. This review is aimed at providing a reference for research into and improvement of the production of tofu.

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