APPENDIX 4: ONE-TAILED PROBABILITIES OF SMALL OBSERVED VALUES IN THE BINOMIAL TEST APPENDIX 5: TWO-TAILED CRITICAL VALUES OF CHI-SQUARE

2002 ◽  
pp. 285-285
1978 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. B. Silverstein

Critical values for testing the significance of many-one contrasts, all-pairs contrasts, and two types of complex contrasts are presented in a single table. The table can be used in connection with four nonparametric analogs of analysis of variance, representing the one-way and two-way cases for dichotomous and ranked data: the 2 × K chi-square test, the Kruskal-Wallis test, the Cochran Q test, and the Friedman test.


Author(s):  
T. O. Olusanya ◽  
O. A. Ladipo ◽  
N. E. Okonkwo ◽  
J. N. Ngozi ◽  
V. O. Joseph ◽  
...  

Studies involving critical values in recent time have mainly dwelt on compliance to timely reporting as well as the volumes of the individual reported critical analytes. There is paucity of data however, especially in this environment, on the relationships that exist between reported critical biochemical analytes and the presenting clinical conditions of the patients as at the time of the laboratory investigation. This study therefore sought to investigate such relationships. This study is a retrospective study of data obtained in the year 2018 from the critical value register of the Department of Chemical Pathology, Babcock University Teaching Hospital Ilisan-Remo, Ogun state, Nigeria. Data obtained was analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21.0. Level of statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. Relationship between variables was determined using Chi-square Test. In the year under review, a total of 270 critical values from various biochemical analytes were obtained; out of which 34.0% was potassium, representing the highest occurrence. Calcium had the highest proportion of its tests from the year having critical outcomes (2.2%) compared to other biochemical parameters. Kidney disease was the most frequently reported clinical condition (25.1%) with critical values of biochemical analytes. This study also showed a strong statistical association (p = 0.000) between diabetic ketoacidosis and critical levels of hyperkalemia, critical outcomes of hypocalcaemia and infection/sepsis as well as critical level of azotemia and pregnancy related complications. This study has shown potassium as the most reported critical biochemical analyte which occurred mostly as cases of critical hyperkalemia. This was associated with a high burden of kidney diseases among the study population. The study has also drawn attention to the need for immediate and constant check of blood calcium and urea levels in patients that have sepsis and pregnancy related complications respectively.


2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda Eckl ◽  
Stefan Hansch

1ABSTRACTObjectiveCorrect use of face masks is required for their efficacy in preventing possible droplet infections with SARS-CoV-2. We tried to provide information about differences in the distribution of gender and age groups wearing face masks incorrectly.DesignPilot field studyMethodsVisual observation of mask use in public, not age- and gender-related places in central European large cities regarding incorrect mask-wearing (n=523); statistical analysis (nominal scale) in terms of gender and estimated age group using the total numbers, binomial test and chi-square test.ResultsThere is no significant difference (binomial test: p-value = 0.43) in mask misuse between the genders (female: 271 (51.8%), male: 252 (48.2%) and 0 non-binary individuals (0%)). There is a significant difference (chi-square test: p-value < 2.2e-16) in age group distribution (170 young 10-29 years (32.5%), 261 middle-aged 30-59 years (49.9%), 92 older adults ≥ 60 years (17.6%)). In total numbers, the highest counts were observed in middle-aged persons with 261 counts (49.9%).ConclusionOur study shows an uneven age-distribution of people wearing the face mask in public improperly.


2012 ◽  
pp. 374-379
Author(s):  
Steve McKillup ◽  
Melinda Darby Dyar
Keyword(s):  

Author(s):  
Paul Kellstedt ◽  
Guy Whitten
Keyword(s):  

1981 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin E. O’Grady
Keyword(s):  

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