Physiological Theory

2019 ◽  
pp. 143-152
Author(s):  
Robert E. Lana
Keyword(s):  
Physiological Theory

Visual Processing without Awareness: Evidence from Unilateral Neglect

1992 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 345-351 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Berti ◽  
Giacomo Rizzolatti
Keyword(s):  
Visual Processing ◽  
Visual Awareness ◽  
Visual Cognition ◽  
Congruent Condition ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Unilateral Neglect ◽  
Normal Field ◽  
The Third ◽  
Physically Identical ◽  
Physiological Theory

Can visual processing be carried out without visual awareness of the presented objects? In the present study we addressed this problem in patients with severe unilateral neglect. The patients were required to respond as fast as possible to target stimuli (pictures of animals and fruits) presented to the normal field by pressing one of the two keys according to the category of the targets. We then studied the influence of priming stimuli, again pictures of animals or fruits, presented to the neglected field on the responses to targets. By combining different pairs of primes and targets, three different experimental conditions were obtained. In the first condition, "Highly congruent," the target and prime stimuli belonged to the same category and were physically identical; in the second condition, "Congruent," the stimuli represented two elements of the same category but were physically dissimilar; in the third condition, "Noncongruent," the stimuli represented one exemplar from each of the two categories of stimuli. The results showed that the responses were facilitated not only in the Highly congruent condition, but also in the Congruent one. This finding suggests that patients with neglect are able to process stimuli presented to the neglected field to a categorical level of representation even when they deny the stimulus presence in the affected field. The implications of this finding for psychological and physiological theory of neglect and visual cognition are discussed.

scholarly journals Thérèse Raquin d’Émile Zola : la notion de tempérament entre l’héritage antique et l’apport de la physiologie du XIXe siècle

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 91-100
Author(s):  
Anna Kaczmarek-Wiśniewska
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Mutual Influence ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Important Work ◽  
Xixe Siecle ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Xixe Siècle ◽  
Physiological Theory

Therese Raquin, Zola’s first important work, is based on the modern version of the old physiological theory of “temperaments”, e.g. the combination of four cardinal “humours” that determine a man’s physical and mental constitution. Through the story of two murderers, an adulterous woman and her lover who kill the woman’s husband, the author shows the mutual influence of two temperaments considered in the 19th century as more important than all the others: sanguine and melancholic (or nervous). The novel intends to “verify” a theory dealing with the consequences of each type of temperament for people’s behaviour, their relationships and their internal life.

NIKOLAI ALEKSANDROVICH BERNSTEIN — PIONEER IN CONTROL AND CYBERNETICS

2010 ◽  
Vol 07 (01) ◽  
pp. 213-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
MIOMIR VUKOBRATOVIĆ ◽  
MILOŠ JOVANOVIĆ
Keyword(s):  
Motor Behavior ◽  
Mathematical Formulation ◽  
Voluntary Movements ◽  
Vital Activity ◽  
Dynamic Regulation ◽  
Ocular Accommodation ◽  
Pupillary Reaction ◽  
Human Movements ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Physiological Theory

The article presents the facts about the pioneering research results of Professor Nikolai Bernstein in the area of man's voluntary movements. Relevant data are given concerning the priority of introducing the notion of feedback in the process of active voluntary human movements, twelve years before the known Wiener's publication. Bernstein demonstrated how the problems of general physiology can be explored in terms of the structural analysis of movements. He dealt with the most important aspects of the vital activity of higher organisms, and how this has been accorded the place in physiology and, when it developed, promised to be of the greatest value in cybernetics and in the exact mathematical formulation of a physiological theory of motor behavior. In his research, Bernstein modeled the function of the central nervous system and offered the cyberneticists a system for the development of analogs for experimental model-making that was not only incomparably richer than examples of internal stabilizing processes (blood-pressure, temperature and sugar-level regulating systems, for example), and also more complex than the systems of dynamic regulation that have already been studied in some depth, such as the mechanisms of ocular accommodation, or of the pupillary reaction.

scholarly journals IV. Contributions to the mathematical theory of evolution. III. Regression, heredity, and panmixia

1896 ◽  
Vol 59 (353-358) ◽  
pp. 69-71 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Theory ◽  
Quantitative Measurement ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Regression Coefficients ◽  
Wide Field ◽  
Theory Of Evolution ◽  
Standard Deviations ◽  
Physiological Theory

The object of this paper is to develop the methods and generalise the conclusions of Mr. Francis Gallon’s work on ‘Natural Inheritance.’ It endeavours to show the wide field which a purely statistical (as distinguished from a mechanical or physiological) theory of heredity may be made to cover. In order to do this it is needful to define certain biological terms in such a manner that they are capable of quantitative measurement, the symbols in terms of which they are expressed being the standard-deviations, correlation-coefficients, and regression-coefficients already well known from the labours of Mr. Galton.

Hippocratic medicine

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.J. Hankinson
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Careful Observation ◽  
Hippocratic Corpus ◽  
Humoral Pathology ◽  
Hippocratic Medicine ◽  
Physiological Theory ◽  
Supernatural Explanations

The Hippocratic corpus is a disparate group of texts relating primarily to medical matters composed between c.450 and c.250 bc and dealing with physiology, therapy, surgery, clinical practice, gynaecology and obstetrics, among other topics. The treatises are (for the most part) notable for their sober naturalism in physiological theory, their rejection of supernatural explanations for disease, and their insistence on the importance of careful observation. Although embodying a variety of different physiological schemes, they are the origin of the enormously influential paradigm of humoral pathology. In antiquity, the authorship of the entire corpus was mistakenly ascribed to the semi-legendary doctor Hippocrates of Cos (fl. c.450 bc).

scholarly journals A physiological theory of depth perception from vertical disparity

2003 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nestor Matthews ◽  
Xin Meng ◽  
Peng Xu ◽  
Ning Qian
Keyword(s):  
Depth Perception ◽  
Vertical Disparity ◽  
Physiological Theory

scholarly journals Yin-Yang Theory, the Human Organism, and the Bai hu tong: A Need for Pairing and Explaining

2009 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-38
Author(s):  
Paul U. Unschuld
Keyword(s):  
Explanatory Models ◽  
Human Organism ◽  
Complex Issue ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Natural Categories ◽  
Yin Yang ◽  
Yin And Yang ◽  
Term Storage ◽  
Physiological Theory ◽  
Technical Terms

AbstractThis paper discusses some terminological consequences of the acceptance of a seemingly all-pervasive yin yang dualism by ancient Chinese naturalists, with a focus on the origin of certain technical terms introduced to designate morphological and functional items in the emerging Chinese medicine. These terms were selected from words not originally linked to morphological and physiological notions. They served as metaphors to illustrate both function and the yin yang nature of the items they were chosen to designate. How to translate these terms into Western languages is a complex issue not sufficiently discussed among philologists.In 79 CE, the historian Ban Gu (32‐92) published the Bai hu tong , based on contributions by an unknown number of participants in one of the first documented meetings of intellectuals in antiquity. Chapter 8 offers a discourse on the meaning of qing , ‘emotion’, and xing , ‘moral disposition’. Two terms were available that had been in long use in this arena of meanings, albeit without a clear-cut distinction along the lines of a Yin-Yang categorisation. No metaphors were required here. Rather, a redefinition of qing and xing was required to assign a yang nature to the former and a yin nature to the latter.The Bai hu tong is a telling example of a continuing heterogeneity of explanatory models in early Chinese life sciences. The following discussion offers an impression of the merger of what may originally have been a neutral attempt at a dualistic categorisation of all phenomena in terms of two natural categories of yin and yang with another doctrine. The second clearly valued yang phenomena more highly than yin phenomena and applied this distinction to more and less desirable moral categories. Also, the Bai hu tong offers evidence of different metaphorical usages of the term fu in physiological theory from as early as Han times. To the older meaning: ‘short-term storage facility’ a second meaning of ‘palace’ was added. The question of an adequate translation of such terms in modern languages is worth further thought.1

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