Bauer, Bruno (1809–82)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lawrence S. Stepelevich
Keyword(s):  
New Testament ◽  
Strong Influence ◽  
Gifted Students ◽  
Critical Philosophy ◽  
Biblical Hermeneutics ◽  
Radical Interpretation ◽  
The New Testament ◽  
Historical Writings ◽  
Radical Atheism ◽  
Bruno Bauer

The career of the Hegelian theologian Bruno Bauer is marked by his sudden turn from a reasoned defender of Christianity into one of its most extreme critics. His radical interpretation of Hegel’s philosophy, which he first used to defend orthodox biblical hermeneutics, ultimately led him to become, as one of his admirers said, the ‘Robespierre of theology’. As the leader of the so-called ‘Young Hegelian’ school, Bauer was one of Hegel’s most gifted students. However, his condemnation of theology in general and his thesis that the New Testament was merely the fictional product of an unknown author contributed to the general distrust of Hegelianism among religious thinkers. Although his many theological and historical writings now remain largely unread, his ‘Critical Philosophy’ and his radical atheism exerted a strong influence upon Marx, who was his student and friend, and is still evident in such contemporaries as Jürgen Habermas.

Biblical Interpretation among African-American New Testament Scholars

2005 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-82
Author(s):  
Larry L. Enis
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
African Americans ◽  
Ethnic Minorities ◽  
New Testament ◽  
Biblical Interpretation ◽  
Biblical Studies ◽  
Biblical Hermeneutics ◽  
Scholarly Journals ◽  
The New Testament ◽  
Epistle Of James

Given the small, but growing, number of ethnic minorities in the field of biblical studies, the issue of African-American biblical hermeneutics has received only marginal attention in scholarly journals. In an effort to discern major themes and objectives among these interpreters, this article surveys published works by African Americans who have attained either a PhD or ThD in the New Testament. In this study, six areas of particular interest emerged: hermeneutics, the black presence in the New Testament, Paul, the Gospels, the epistle of James, and Revelation. Moreover, this investigation will demonstrate that the phenomenon of African-American New Testament hermeneutics is a methodologically diverse one.

scholarly journals The figure of Jesus Christ in the context of religious studies

2003 ◽  
pp. 146-157
Author(s):  
Pavlo Yuriyovych Pavlenko
Keyword(s):  
Roman Empire ◽  
New Testament ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
Jesus Christ ◽  
Early Christianity ◽  
Religious Studies ◽  
Historical Evidence ◽  
Christian Religion ◽  
The New Testament ◽  
Bruno Bauer

The study of the origins of the Christian religion has always been one of the most difficult problems. This is due, first of all, to the almost complete absence of specific historical evidence of early Christianity and of its founder, which in turn led to the emergence of the so-called "mythological theory" according to which Christianity emerged "spontaneously" in Palestine and is unknown in any way. F. Engels, who borrowed from Bruno Bauer the date of writing the Book of the Annunciation of John the Theologian, the last book of the New Testament canon, played a significant role in the formation of such views. In accepting this date, understanding of Christianity as a "spontaneous" phenomenon, initially representing the movement of the underprivileged masses of the Roman Empire, played a role. In this sense, any "spontaneity" automatically excluded the historicity of virtually all evangelical characters (according to Engels, all of them are nothing but mythological images). If neither Jesus nor his apostles existed, then the gospel narrative of Christ evolved from the myth of Christ as God to the myth of Jesus as God-man.

scholarly journals Biblical hermeneutics as the structuralist of the poetics of "The Word of Law and Grace" of Ilarion

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
New Testament ◽  
Old Testament ◽  
Holy Spirit ◽  
Eternal Life ◽  
Biblical Hermeneutics ◽  
The Bible ◽  
The New Testament ◽  
The Holy Spirit ◽  
The Law ◽  
Allegorical Interpretation

The article states that, for the purpose of interpreting the Biblical topos of the Law and Grace, Hilarion refers to the genre of the word. Hilarion takes first place in the title, and then in the text of the work God brings out wisdom. By law, he believes the Old Testament, which has already fulfilled its task, and Grace - the New Testament, which outlines the existence of man, his relationship with God, gives hope for eternal life. The subject of the "Word" breaks the sermon into four fragments. In the first of them, we notice the allegorical meaning of reading the Scriptures in relation to the history of mankind. The second part is devoted to the interpretation of the image of Jesus Christ, which appears as a synthesis of God and human nature. The third fragment depicts events beyond the boundary of the Bible. It is devoted to the baptism of Rus. In the fourth fragment Prince Volodymyr is glorified. Following the best traditions of Byzantine oratory prose, the author of the Word simply pours his text into quotations from the Bible and adds to them a predominantly allegorical interpretation, emphasizing that the work is not intended for proclamation, but for reading, which enabled the author to interpret the Scriptures and in the literal, and in allegorical sense. The advantage of the New Testament over the Old Testament is embodied by the author in the images of the free wife of Abraham Sarah - Grace and his servant Hagar - Law. Laconic retelling of God-inspired text, Hilarion interprets the old-czarist images, as those that represent the new covenants at the level of allusions, presented them in the form of additional parallel antithesis. The same anti-colored color is also depicted by the images of their children. Isaac was born from a free woman, which means that he represents freedom, Ishmael is from a slave, hence his image symbolizes slavery. He who receives Grace receives goodness, love, becomes the son of God, and begins to live a new life in the Holy Spirit through which the believer is through. The overcoming of the Law and the perception of Grace means, according to Hilarion, the acquisition of spiritual freedom.

Allegorical Interpretation of the Holy Scripture in Qumran Scrolls' Pesharim

2019 ◽  
pp. 163-184
Author(s):  
Илья Сергеевич Вевюрко
Keyword(s):  
New Testament ◽  
Biblical Hermeneutics ◽  
The New Testament ◽  
Biblical Allusions ◽  
Symbolic Content ◽  
Allegorical Interpretation

Данная статья посвящена проблеме аллегорезы как способа интерпретации Священного Писания кумранитами. Несмотря на то, что аллегорический метод интерпретации считается визитной карточкой александрийской школы с её ярко выраженным эллинистическим субстратом, мы можем заметить, что кумранская литература, возникшая главным образом в контексте эсхатологического прочтения пророческих книг, активно использует его в своих пешарим. Первоначально аллегорический метод толкования становится актуальным при условии, что все другие виды интерпретации не дают ожидаемого автором результата. Аллегорезу отличает жёсткая внутренняя логика, применяемая автором для извлечения более глубоких аспектов рассматриваемого текста. Аллегореза пешарим, опираясь на библейские аллюзии, а также цепочки смежных смыслов, ставит целью раскрытие символического содержания пророческих книг, актуализируя их в современной толкователю ситуации. При этом кумранские экзегеты используют герменевтические ходы, встречающиеся в Священном Писании (особенно в Новом Завете), что делает их тексты ценными для понимания внутренней библейской герменевтики в её первоначальном контексте. The article deals with a problem of allegoresis as a means of interpretation of the Scriptura Sacra in Qumran. Though an allegorical method is considered to be the hallmark of the Alexandrian school with its pronounced Hellenistic substrate, we can see that Qumran literature, which arose mainly in the context of eschatological reading of prophetic books, actively uses it in the pesharim. Initially, the allegorical method of interpretation becomes relevant provided that all other types of interpretation do not work as be expected by the author. Allegoresis is marked by a strong inner logic, used by the author for extracting of the more deep aspects of the text. Based on biblical allusions, as well as the chain of interchangeable related meanings, the allegoresis of pesharim sets its goal in revealing of the symbolic content of prophetic books, actualizing them in the modern interpreter’s situation. At the same time, Qumran exegetes use hermeneutical ways present in the Holy Scripture (especially in the New Testament), which makes their texts valuable for understanding the internal biblical hermeneutics in its original context.

Bultmann, Rudolf (1884–1976)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Loup Seban
Keyword(s):  
New Testament ◽  
Christian Theology ◽  
Early Church ◽  
Theology Of The Cross ◽  
Major Influence ◽  
Biblical Hermeneutics ◽  
Dialectical Theology ◽  
The New Testament ◽  
Existentialist Philosophy ◽  
Form Criticism

Rudolf Bultmann was one of the most influential Protestant theologians of the period that immediately followed the Second World War. A founding member of the school of dialectical theology in the 1920s, he was a major New Testament scholar, who refined the method of form criticism. He argued that the Synoptic Gospels reveal not the historical Jesus, but the Christ of faith, the Christ-myth developed by the early church. The existentialist philosophy of Martin Heidegger was a major influence, and he adapted it to the needs of Christian theology, devising an existential access to faith. He contrasted Historie – objective, factual accounts of historical events – with Geschichte – the meaning that people choose to give to those events. One must demythologize the New Testament – strip it of its prescientific imagery – before one can interpret its significance for oneself. Bultmann defined biblical hermeneutics as an inquiry into the reality of human existence and proposed a new understanding of the person and teaching of Christ. Central to this is the concept of the kerygma, the proclamation of the salvation-event focused on Christ. It is in response to the kerygma that a human being can actively opt for faith. Bultmann reinterpreted the Lutheran doctrine of justification and the theology of the cross in the light of this.

Neutestamentliche Hermeneutik aus alttestamentlicher Sicht. Theologische Anmerkungen zum Entwurf von Ulrich Luz

2017 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-70
Author(s):  
Friedhelm Hartenstein
Keyword(s):  
New Testament ◽  
Old Testament ◽  
Biblical Hermeneutics ◽  
Theological Hermeneutics ◽  
The New Testament ◽  
Personal Accountability

Abstract Published in 2014, the Theologische Hermeneutik des Neuen Testaments (Theological Hermeneutics of the New Testament) by Ulrich Luz challenges its readers to a theological response through its intentionally personal accountability and its dialogical structure. This essay approaches the discussion from the perspective of the neighboring discipline of Old Testament scholarship. It reconstructs the basic intentions of Luz’s conception and tries to integrate it into the present theological landscape regarding the question of biblical hermeneutics (II./ III.). Afterwards it discusses Luz’s treatment of the Old Testament related to this background and formulates impulses for further discussion of the issue (IV.). It concludes with five theses (»Für eine biblische Hermeneutik der zweiteiligen Bibel«/»For a biblical hermeneutics of the two-partite Bible«) intended to serve the communication about a common subject of the biblical disciplines and Protestant theology as a whole (V.).

scholarly journals The New Testament Images in the works of Sergei Timofeevich Kon’enkov

2020 ◽  
pp. 77-89
Author(s):  
Алла Кирилловна Конёнкова
Keyword(s):  
New Testament ◽  
Jesus Christ ◽  
Strong Influence ◽  
Spiritual Life ◽  
Scientific Analysis ◽  
The New Testament ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Government

Статья посвящена исследованию творческих поисков скульптора С. Т. Конёнкова. Несмотря на то, что многие созданные им произведения скульптуры и графики стали предметом художественного анализа и исследования, отдельные направления его творческих исканий до сих пор остались неизученными. В первую очередь, это касается художественных размышлений Конёнкова на раскрытие сюжетов Нового Завета, а также создание образа Иисуса Христа в графике и скульптуре. Духовная жизнь родного села Верхние Караковичи была тесно связана с Оптиной Пустынью, и память об общении с оптинскими старцами оказала сильное влияние на становление личности и творчества художника. В 1923 г. С. Т. Конёнков по поручению правительства в составе делегации художников и общественных деятелей уехал в Америку с выставкой работ советских художников и скульпторов, где задержался более чем на 20 лет. Этот период творчества слабо изучен, но именно в это время появляются первые скульптурные работы, изображающие Иисуса Христа. The article is devoted to the study of the creative heritage of the sculptor S. T. Konenkov. Despite the fact that many of his sculptures and graphic works became the subject of scientific analysis and research, some areas of his artistic search have remained unexplored. First of all it concerns Konenkov’s reflections on the New Testament subjects, as well as the creation of the image of Jesus Christ in graphics and sculpture. The spiritual life of his native village Verkhniye Karakovichi was closely connected to Optina Hermitage, and the memory of discussions with the Optina elders had a strong influence on the formation of the artist’s personality and his further work. In 1923, on behalf of the government, S. T. Konenkov, left for America as part of a delegation which organized an exhibition of Soviet artists and sculptors. There he stayed for more than 20 years. That period of his life and work is poorly studied, but it was the time when the first sculptural works depicting Jesus Christ appeared.

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