Policy Elites

2019 ◽  
pp. 37-47
Author(s):  
Terrence R. Tutchings
Keyword(s):  
Policy Elites

North Korean Policy Elites

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kongdan O. Hassig ◽  
Joseph S. Bermudez Jr ◽  
Kenneth E. Gause ◽  
Ralph C. Hassig ◽  
Alexandre Y. Mansourov
Keyword(s):  
Policy Elites

US grand strategy after the Cold War: Can realism explain it? Should realism guide it?

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen M Walt
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Cold War ◽  
World Order ◽  
The United States ◽  
Grand Strategy ◽  
Structural Constraints ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Cold War ◽  
Policy Elites

This article uses realism to explain past US grand strategy and prescribe what it should be today. Throughout its history, the United States has generally acted as realism depicts. The end of the Cold War reduced the structural constraints that states normally face in anarchy, and a bipartisan coalition of foreign policy elites attempted to use this favorable position to expand the US-led ‘liberal world order’. Their efforts mostly failed, however, and the United States should now return to a more realistic strategy – offshore balancing – that served it well in the past. Washington should rely on local allies to uphold the balance of power in Europe and the Middle East and focus on leading a balancing coalition in Asia. Unfortunately, President Donald Trump lacks the knowledge, competence, and character to pursue this sensible course, and his cavalier approach to foreign policy is likely to damage America’s international position significantly.

Unwitting Architect

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julian Germann
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
Export Markets ◽  
Neoliberal Reforms ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The Us ◽  
Pragmatic Reasoning ◽  
Anglo American ◽  
Crisis Managers ◽  
Policy Elites ◽  
Interest Rate Shock

The global rise of neoliberalism since the 1970s is widely seen as a dynamic originating in the United States and the United Kingdom, and only belatedly and partially repeated by Germany. From this Anglocentric perspective, Germany's emergence at the forefront of neoliberal reforms in the eurozone is perplexing, and tends to be attributed to the same forces conventionally associated with the Anglo-American pioneers. This book challenges this ruling narrative. It recasts the genesis of neoliberalism as a process driven by a plenitude of actors, ideas, and interests. And it lays bare the pragmatic reasoning and counterintuitive choices of German crisis managers obscured by this master story. This book argues that German officials did not intentionally set out to promote neoliberal change. Instead they were more intent on preserving Germany's export markets and competitiveness in order to stabilize the domestic compact between capital and labor. Nevertheless, the series of measures German policy elites took to manage the end of golden-age capitalism promoted neoliberal transformation in crucial respects: it destabilized the Bretton Woods system; it undermined socialist and social democratic responses to the crisis in Europe; it frustrated an internationally coordinated Keynesian reflation of the world economy; and ultimately it helped push the US into the Volcker interest-rate shock that inaugurated the attack on welfare and labor under Reagan and Thatcher. From this vantage point, the book illuminates the very different rationale behind the painful reforms German state managers have demanded of their indebted eurozone partners.

Gender Equality Policy, Elites and Women Empowerment in Higher Education Institutions

2018 ◽  
pp. 96-113
Author(s):  
Joshua Mugambwa ◽  
Susan Mwebaza ◽  
Bridget Namubiru
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Gender Equality ◽  
Cultural Beliefs ◽  
Women Empowerment ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Disaggregated Data ◽  
Policy Elites ◽  
Gender Equality Policy

Gender equality, and its resultant empowerment of women, is a recent phenomenon in Africa. This study examined two questions; 1) To what extent do the elites in Institutions of Higher Education practise gender equality to women empowerment? 2) What are the inhibitions of the contribution of higher education towards women empowerment? The study was qualitative and cross-sectional. Data was obtained from reports and semi-structured interviews, as well as 5 focus group discussions. Semi-structured interviews respondents included 20 academic and 20 support staff. Findings showed that there is still a gap to enable women participate on the same footing as men. Women empowerment in Education takes leadership interest, networks, meritocracy as well as women assertiveness. Limitations to gender equality policy implementation among elites in higher education are individual, social-cultural and economic. Higher education is characterised by stereotypes and retrogressive cultural beliefs which are subtly reproduced throughout the education system. The gender equality policy (2009) has been implemented in favour of men; therefore, the situation has to be improved with concerted efforts by the various stakeholders. Gender disaggregated data should be used in Higher Education to assess women empowerment as well as tracking both quantitative and qualitative women empowerment outcomes in higher education.

Grey Hair, Grey Matter, and ICT Policy in the Global South

2013 ◽  
pp. 245-260
Author(s):  
Lloyd G. A. Amoah
Keyword(s):  
Good Governance ◽  
World View ◽  
Policy Outcomes ◽  
Development Projects ◽  
The World ◽  
Government Project ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Policy Elites ◽  
Ict Policy

By exploring the case of Ghana, this chapter examines the often cited linkages between good governance, ICTs, and development in developing societies. Though some significant ICT-related infrastructural development projects have been undertaken in Africa, the empirics indicate that the region, compared to other regions, such as Asia, has yet to experience the expected results. Using an e-government project at the presidency in Ghana as a case study, this chapter attempts to understand why the vast potential benefits of ICTs have not been realized in countries like Ghana. The argument put forward by the author is that e-government and by extension ICT policy outcomes in developing polities must be understood as partly a reflection of the world view of policy elites, which is at best generally antagonistic, ambivalent, and even apprehensive of the very notion of a cyber society. The chapter concludes with recommendations relevant to Ghana and other developing polities.

The “Cognitive Prior” and the European Challenge

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jürgen Rüland
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Financial Crisis ◽  
Asian Financial Crisis ◽  
Regional Level ◽  
The Other ◽  
Strong Sense ◽  
Institutional Changes ◽  
Regional Leadership ◽  
The One ◽  
Policy Elites

This chapter seeks to establish what Acharya has termed the “cognitive prior.” It explores extant Indonesian ideas on foreign policymaking and ASEAN cooperation. Europeanizing changes were triggered by the Asian Financial Crisis (1997–1998), which discredited the ASEAN Way as ASEAN’s established repository of cooperation norms. The chapter shows how the worldviews of Indonesian foreign policy elites have been shaped by adverse historical experiences, which have evoked on the one hand strong sentiments of insecurity and vulnerability, on the other, a strong sense of entitlement to regional leadership. At the regional level, the cognitive prior is strongly influenced by Westphalian sovereignty norms. In the aftermath of the Asian Financial Crisis the ASEAN Way was challenged by external and domestic critics, climaxing with the ASEAN Charter debate. The chapter ends with an analysis of the institutional changes the Charter inaugurated and the ideas and norms it seemingly appropriated from the EU.

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