Neural Mechanisms of Arousal, Attention, and Information Processing

2018 ◽  
pp. 315-408
Author(s):  
Donald B. Lindsley
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Neural Mechanisms

Presentational format and financial consumers’ behaviour: an eye-tracking study

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 821-837 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Gabriella Ceravolo ◽  
Vincenzo Farina ◽  
Lucrezia Fattobene ◽  
Lucia Leonelli ◽  
GianMario Raggetti
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Neural Mechanisms ◽  
Financial Disclosure ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Nonprofessional Investors ◽  
Cross Sectional Design ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine whether financial consumers are sensitive to presentational format of financial disclosure documents and whether this influences the financial attractiveness of products. Design/methodology/approach In order to observe and measure consumers’ attention, the authors exploit the unobtrusive methodology of eye tracking on a sample of nonprofessional investors, applying an ecological protocol, through a cross-sectional design. Findings The analysis reveals that financial information processing and attention distribution are influenced by the way the information is conveyed. Moreover, some layouts induce individuals to rate the products as less financially attractive, independent of the information content. This suggests the importance of studying the neural mechanisms of investors’ behaviour in the scrutiny of financial product documents. Practical implications The results lead to recommend regulators and managers to study how investors respond to financial disclosure documents by exploiting neuroscientific techniques. Moreover, there is a role for the search of any benefit coming from emphasising specific sources of information inside documents. Originality/value This research investigates the influence of presentational format on consumers’ information processing measuring the underlying neurophysiological processes; the consequent perception of financial attractiveness is also explored.

scholarly journals Human Empathy Through the Lens of Social Neuroscience

2006 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 1146-1163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean Decety ◽  
Claus Lamm
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Cognitive Neuroscience ◽  
Executive Control ◽  
Perspective Taking ◽  
Functional Neuroimaging ◽  
Social Neuroscience ◽  
Neural Mechanisms ◽  
The Self ◽  
Neural Systems

Empathy is the ability to experience and understand what others feel without confusion between oneself and others. Knowing what someone else is feeling plays a fundamental role in interpersonal interactions. In this paper, we articulate evidence from social psychology and cognitive neuroscience, and argue that empathy involves both emotion sharing (bottom-up information processing) and executive control to regulate and modulate this experience (top-down information processing), underpinned by specific and interacting neural systems. Furthermore, awareness of a distinction between the experiences of the self and others constitutes a crucial aspect of empathy. We discuss data from recent behavioral and functional neuroimaging studies with an emphasis on the perception of pain in others, and highlight the role of different neural mechanisms that underpin the experience of empathy, including emotion sharing, perspective taking, and emotion regulation.

scholarly journals Neural Mechanisms and Information Processing in Recognition Systems

Insects ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 722-741 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mamiko Ozaki ◽  
Abraham Hefetz
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Neural Mechanisms ◽  
Recognition Systems

scholarly journals Conscious Perception: Time for an Update?

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moti Salti ◽  
Asaf Harel ◽  
Sébastien Marti
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Cognitive Neuroscience ◽  
Dynamic Process ◽  
Alternative Hypothesis ◽  
Neural Correlates ◽  
Neural Mechanisms ◽  
Conscious Perception ◽  
Neural Correlates Of Consciousness ◽  
Stimulus Saliency ◽  
Perception Time

Understanding the neural mechanisms underlying conscious perception has become a central endeavor in cognitive neuroscience. In theories of conscious perception, a stimulus gaining conscious access is usually considered as a discrete neuronal event to be characterized in time or space, sometimes referred to as a conscious “episode.” Surprisingly, the alternative hypothesis according to which conscious perception is a dynamic process has rarely been considered. Here, we discuss this hypothesis and its implications. We show how it can reconcile inconsistent empirical findings on the timing of the neural correlates of consciousness and make testable predictions. According to this hypothesis, a stimulus is consciously perceived for as long as it is recoded to fit an ongoing stream composed of all other perceived stimuli. We suggest that this “updating” process is governed by at least three factors (1) context, (2) stimulus saliency, and (3) observers' goals. Finally, this framework forces us to reconsider the typical distinction between conscious and unconscious information processing.

scholarly journals How placebo responses are formed: a learning perspective

2011 ◽  
Vol 366 (1572) ◽  
pp. 1859-1869 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luana Colloca ◽  
Franklin G. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Medical Care ◽  
Placebo Effect ◽  
Theoretical Perspective ◽  
Scientific Investigation ◽  
Neural Mechanisms ◽  
Scientific Interest ◽  
Proximate Cause ◽  
Theoretical Conceptualization

Despite growing scientific interest in the placebo effect and increasing understanding of neurobiological mechanisms, theoretical conceptualization of the placebo effect remains poorly developed. Substantial mechanistic research on this phenomenon has proceeded with little guidance by any systematic theoretical paradigm. This review seeks to present a theoretical perspective on the formation of placebo responses. We focus on information processing, and argue that different kinds of learning along with individuals' genetic make-up evolved as the proximate cause for triggering behavioural and neural mechanisms that enable the formation of individual expectations and placebo responses. Conceptualizing the placebo effect in terms of learning offers the opportunity for facilitating scientific investigation with a significant impact on medical care.

Memory and Attention

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brice A. Kuhl ◽  
Marvin Chun
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Selective Attention ◽  
Neural Mechanisms ◽  
Obvious Advantage ◽  
Memory And Attention ◽  
Perceptual Attention

A primary theme in attention research is that there is too much information in our environment for everything to be processed and, as a consequence, information processing is selective. This chapter reviews various properties of memory from the perspective of selective attention. It argues that the ways in which we form, retrieve, and work with our memories largely represent acts of attention. One obvious advantage of framing mnemonic processes as attentional phenomena is that it underscores the processing limits that are central to memory and the necessity of selection. Another advantage is that this framework can aid our understanding of the neural mechanisms that guide memory and their relation to neural mechanisms of perceptual attention.

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