Pliny’s Indian Tribes (NH 6.56–80)

2021 ◽  
pp. 140-144
Author(s):  
Richard Stoneman
Keyword(s):  
Indian Tribes

scholarly journals Uncovering the superior corrosion resistance of iron made via ancient Indian iron-making practice

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Deepak Dwivedi ◽  
Jitendra P. Mata ◽  
Filomena Salvemini ◽  
Matthew R. Rowles ◽  
Thomas Becker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Materials Science ◽  
Scientific Explanation ◽  
Central India ◽  
Protective Mechanisms ◽  
Excellent Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Metal Treatment ◽  
Indian Tribes ◽  
Superior Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Metallurgical Processes

AbstractAncient Indian iron artefacts have always fascinated researchers due to their excellent corrosion resistance, but the scientific explanation of this feature remains to be elucidated. We have investigated corrosion resistance of iron manufactured according to traditional metallurgical processes by the Indian tribes called ‘Agaria’. Iron samples were recovered from central India (Aamadandh, Korba district, Chhattisgarh). Iron artefacts are investigated using a range of correlative microscopic, spectroscopic, diffraction and tomographic techniques to postulate the hidden mechanisms of superlative corrosion resistance. The importance of manufacturing steps, ingredients involved in Agaria’s iron making process, and post-metal treatment using metal-working operation called hot hammering (forging) is highlighted. This study also hypothesizes the probable protective mechanisms of corrosion resistance of iron. Findings are expected to have a broad impact across multiple disciplines such as archaeology, metallurgy and materials science.

"Without a Cross": The Cultural Significance of the Sublime and Beautiful in Cooper's The Last of the Mohicans

1997 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven Blakemore
Keyword(s):  
James Fenimore Cooper ◽  
Racial Ideology ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Cultural Significance ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
The Sublime ◽  
The World ◽  
Indian Tribes ◽  
Last Of The Mohicans ◽  
Historical Moment

This essay demonstrates that James Fenimore Cooper was incorporating the language and values of Edmund Burke's A Philosophical Enquiry into the Origin of Our Ideas of the Sublime and Beautiful (1757) into the "world" of The Last of the Mohicans (1826). In the Enquiry Burke's distinction between the sublime and beautiful centers on traditional distinctions between men and women-an "eternal distinction" that Burke continually underscores. In Mohicans Cooper initially incorporates the beautiful into the sublime, in an intentionally illusive "mix" that corresponds to the illusory mixing of the white and Indian races. He then reinscribes Burke's distinction between the sublime and beautiful as an eternal distinction between whites and Indians-writing "out" the problem of the "Other" (gendered "femininity" and alien, "red" beauty) in a meditation of the significance of culture and race in America. In retrospect, Mohicans is a novel of ambiguous "crosses" and complicitous combinations-a novel of fatal and fruitful mixes comprising a series of covert traces telling a secret story contradicting Cooper's overt, racial ideology. Yet it is this "pristine" ideology that finally overpowers and double-crosses the novel's "other" message. Written in 1826, at a specific historical moment when the Indian tribes were being removed or destroyed, the novel reaffirms a racial ideology tortured with its own historical ambiguities.

Bone Grease

1951 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 355-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas Leechman
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Marrow Fat ◽  
Early Literature ◽  
Broken Bones ◽  
Indian Tribes

In the early literature, especially that relating to the prairies, there are numerous brief references to the extraction of oil or grease from bones by boiling. For instance, W. R. Gerard in his article on pemmican in Bulletin 30 of the Bureau of American Ethnology says: “Sweet pemmican is a superior kind of pemmican in which the fat used is obtained from marrow by boiling broken bones in water.” Wissler in his paper on the Material Culture of trte Blackfoot Indians says: “Marrow fat was obtained by boiling cracked bones and skimming the floating fat from the top of the kettle with a dipper made of horn.” A still earlier reference to the same process is found in Schoolcraft's History, Condition and Prospects of the Indian Tribes (Vol. 4, p. 107) in which he says: “The men break bones, which are boiled in water to extract the marrow to be used for frying and for other culinary purposes. The oil is then poured into the bladder of the animal, which contains when filled about twelve pounds, being the yield of the marrow bones of two buffaloes.”

Compositional Stasis and Flexibility in American Indian Tribes

Ethnohistory ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-213
Author(s):  
Raymond I. Orr ◽  
Yancey A. Orr
Keyword(s):  
American Indian ◽  
The Self ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
Governance Systems ◽  
Indian Tribes ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Tribal Politics ◽  
Traditional Governance

Abstract American Indian tribal power has typically expanded since the 1960s. During this period, often referred to as the Self-Determination Era, tribes have regained much of their earlier political centrality. One rarely addressed limitation during this period is the inability of tribal polities to break into smaller units while maintaining recognition as legitimate. This essay identifies the inability of tribes to exercise what the authors call compositional flexibility and fracture to form new polities discrete of the previous tribe. The authors argue the absence of compositional flexibility shapes tribal politics and is at odds with many forms of traditional governance systems.

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