Mass murders in Rwanda

2020 ◽  
pp. 95-125
Author(s):  
René Lemarchand
Keyword(s):  
Mass Murders

Psychotic symptoms in mass shootings v. mass murders not involving firearms: findings from the Columbia mass murder database

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Gary Brucato ◽  
Paul S. Appelbaum ◽  
Hannah Hesson ◽  
Eileen A. Shea ◽  
Gabriella Dishy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Legal History ◽  
Alcohol Misuse ◽  
Mass Murder ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
Mass Shootings ◽  
Fully Automatic ◽  
Mass Murders

Abstract Background Mass shootings account for a small fraction of annual worldwide murders, yet disproportionately affect society and influence policy. Evidence suggesting a link between mass shootings and severe mental illness (i.e. involving psychosis) is often misrepresented, generating stigma. Thus, the actual prevalence constitutes a key public health concern. Methods We examined global personal-cause mass murders from 1900 to 2019, amassed by review of 14 785 murders publicly described in English in print or online, and collected information regarding perpetrator, demographics, legal history, drug use and alcohol misuse, and history of symptoms of psychiatric or neurologic illness using standardized methods. We distinguished whether firearms were or were not used, and, if so, the type (non-automatic v. semi- or fully-automatic). Results We identified 1315 mass murders, 65% of which involved firearms. Lifetime psychotic symptoms were noted among 11% of perpetrators, consistent with previous reports, including 18% of mass murderers who did not use firearms and 8% of those who did (χ2 = 28.0, p < 0.01). US-based mass shooters were more likely to have legal histories, use recreational drugs or misuse alcohol, or have histories of non-psychotic psychiatric or neurologic symptoms. US-based mass shooters with symptoms of any psychiatric or neurologic illness more frequently used semi-or fully-automatic firearms. Conclusions These results suggest that policies aimed at preventing mass shootings by focusing on serious mental illness, characterized by psychotic symptoms, may have limited impact. Policies such as those targeting firearm access, recreational drug use and alcohol misuse, legal history, and non-psychotic psychopathology might yield more substantial results.

From Jonestown to 9/11 and Beyond

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca Moore
Keyword(s):  
Public Perceptions ◽  
Religious Violence ◽  
Religious Movements ◽  
New Religious Movements ◽  
Political Landscape ◽  
Branch Davidians ◽  
Internal Forces ◽  
Mass Murders ◽  
And Control ◽  
Theoretical Considerations

This chapter examines violent outbursts perpetrated by New Religious Movements (NRMs) and considers the competing and complementary theories that have arisen to explain them. It argues that theories about cult violence change as new data become available. Public perceptions of cults and a shifting religious-political landscape also shape theoretical considerations of religion and violence. The chapter notes that prior to the mass murders-suicides in Jonestown, Guyana, and immediately following, theories of violence focused on inwardly-directed coercion and control. The demise of the Branch Davidians in 1993, along with other eruptions of violence in the 1990s, challenged this perspective, and a theory of interaction between external and internal forces arose. The events of September 11, 2001 internationalized considerations of religious violence, and returned attention to the influence of apocalyptic worldviews. A pressing problem that has emerged most recently is the violence perpetrated against NRMs, particularly state-sponsored repression.

scholarly journals Finding High Risk Persons with Internet Tests to Manage Risk—A Literature Review with Policy Implications to Avoid Violent Tragedies, Save Lives and Money

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 212
Author(s):  
Robert John Zagar ◽  
Agata Karolina Zagar ◽  
Kenneth G. Busch ◽  
James Garbarino ◽  
Terry Ferrari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Mentally Ill ◽  
Revolving Door ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Success Rates ◽  
Background Checks ◽  
Psychiatric Admissions ◽  
Severely Mentally Ill ◽  
Psychiatric Conditions ◽  
Mass Murders

<p>The goal is to share policy implications of sensitive, specific internet-based tests in place of current approaches to lowering violence, namely fewer mass murders, suicides, homicides. When used, internet-based tests save lives and money. From 2009-2015, a Chicago field test had 324 fewer homicides (saving $2,089,848,548, <em>ROI</em>=6.42). In 60 yrs., conventional approaches for high risk persons (e.g.,. inappropriately releasing poor, severely mentally ill) led to unnecessary expense including yearly: (a) 300 mass murders (59% demonstrating psychiatric conditions); (b) 1-6% having costly personnel challenges; (c) 2,100,000 “revolving door” Emergency-Room (ER) psychiatric admissions (41,149 suicides, 90% mentally ill); (d) 10,000,000 prisoners (14,146 homicides, 20% psychiatric challenges). Current metrics fail [success rates from 25%-73%: (1) for background checks (25%); (2) interviews (<em>M</em>=46%); (3) physical exams (<em>M</em>=49%); (4) other tests (<em>M</em>=73%)]. Internet-based tests are simultaneously sensitive (97%), specific (97%), non-discriminatory, objective, inexpensive, $100/test, require 2-4 hrs.</p>

scholarly journals The Dilemma of Lawlessness: Organized Crime, Violence, Prosperity, and Security Along Guatemala’s Borders

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 37
Author(s):  
Emily M. Alford
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Organized Crime ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Public Security ◽  
Border Control ◽  
Security Issues ◽  
Criminal Organizations ◽  
Narcotics Trafficking ◽  
Mass Murders ◽  
Illicit Trafficking

This book presents the reader with both facts and conclusions drawn from three case studies. Authors Ralph Espach, Daniel Haering, Javier Meléndez Quiñonez, and Miguel Castillo Giron focus on the lack of security along Guatemala’s borders and the serious narcotics trafficking, execution-style mass murders, and other severe public security issues that have developed as a result. This research looks closely at the effects of criminal organizations and illicit trafficking within the three particular border municipalities of Guatemala—Sayaxché, Gualán, and Malacatán. The three areas are compared demographically and economically, and through which a deeper analysis is developed on creating better border control through the behaviors of the local communities themselves.

scholarly journals Midlife - Maturity and Creativity

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-149
Author(s):  
Valeria Egidi Morpurgo
Keyword(s):  
Severe Trauma ◽  
Ageing Process ◽  
Collective Trauma ◽  
Generational Transmission ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Process Loss ◽  
Specific Difficulty ◽  
Mass Murders ◽  
Development Of Tolerance ◽  
Mourning Process

Abstract Midlife is an age of crisis according to many authors, as it sets the subject up against the inevitability of the ageing process, loss, and the limitedness of life. Most authors view midlife as an age of crisis where everything can be staked back into the game. But some other authors have highlighted how midlife is characterised by a new burst of creativity, by new object investments and by a redressing of the balance between narcissism (which decreases) and object investments for which a larger share of the libido becomes available. The Author thinks that it seems worthwhile to make a distinction between midlife, as indicative of a phase of life, and maturity, construed as a psychic position which is relatively independent of age. Therefore, she explores the creativity area of the trans-generational transmission, quoting some psychoanalysts and poets, and introducing a clinical example of the mourning process for losses inherent in the passing of time and the development of tolerance capacities to deal with a change in the balance between the libido and narcissism. Then the Author affords a specific difficulty in transmitting a trans-generational mandate, when the treatment concerns cases of severe trauma, like victims of collective trauma and mass murders. What can be transmitted in these cases if the psychological concatenation between the generations is interrupted and breaks down? How can it be linked up again? The story and re-elaboration by Henri Parens is brought as an example to be studied and commented.

Law Enforcement's Response to Mass Shootings and Multiple Victim Violence

2020 ◽  
pp. 268-288
Author(s):  
Peter Arthur Barone
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Mass Shootings ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Mass Murders

This chapter addresses various methods used by law enforcement to examine mass shootings. It reviews the fact that there is not one consistent definition of mass shootings, and that lacking this definition it makes it a true challenge to identify events that are mass shootings for assessment and analysis. It further discusses the fact that the inability to consistently obtain, assess, analyze, and glean necessary information leading to the understanding of the mindset of mass murders results from the lack of a clear and totally accepted definition of mass shootings. The chapter specifically discusses and examines several methods used by law enforcement in their attempt to prevent and respond to mass shootings. The chapter also provides an understanding that law enforcement must rely on a multiplicity of entities to assist them in trying to prevent and responding to mass shootings to include everyday citizens.

scholarly journals The Volhynian mass murders of 1943 in Polish-Ukrainian historical discussions in the 1990s

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 65-72
Author(s):  
Tetiana Banakh
Keyword(s):  
Public Space ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Polish Population ◽  
National History ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Press ◽  
Mass Murders ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Way

The article analyzes the first public discussions of the last decade of the 20th century about mass murders of Polish population in Volhynia in 1943. The author explores the emergence of the topic of “Volhynia” in the public space and Polish-Ukrainian historical debates about these mass murders in the 1990s. The research is based on the published sources and interviews with the participants in the Polish-Ukrainian dialog. The article focuses on the first mentions of the Volhynian events in the post-communist period, on the way this issue was discussed at seminars of Polish and Ukrainian historians, and in the leading Polish newspapers “Gazeta Wyborcza” and “Rzeczpospolita”. Particular attention is paid to the discussion about the mass murders in the “Gazeta Wyborcza” in 1995. The Volhynian issue appeared in the public space after almost fifty years of silence initiated from the Polish “kres” and veteran circles which represented the victims of the mass murders. This topic was arousing interest gradually. It did not immediately take a lead- ing place in Polish-Ukrainian historical debates. In the 1990s, the discussion about “Volhynia” took place primarily between historians and within the groups to which this topic was important. There was only one discussion about the Volhynian events in the press, namely in the “Gazeta Wyborcza”. This newspaper, which appeared as an organ of Solidarity, pays attention especially to the relationship between Poland and its neighbours, particularly Ukraine. In the Ukrainian central media, the Volhynian issue remained completely without attention. Although the debates about “Volhynia” were not actively conducted in the 1990s, certain tendencies were established during this period, which remained characteristic in the following years. In Poland, these events were perceived as one of the most traumatic episodes of the national history, so it was the Polish side who initiated the discussions about this topic. The Ukrainian side was forced to respond to these initiatives.

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