scholarly journals Marriage and Desistance from Crime in the Netherlands: Do Gender and Socio-Historical Context Matter?

2017 ◽  
pp. 443-464
Author(s):  
Bianca E. Bersani ◽  
John H. Laub ◽  
Paul Nieuwbeerta
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Desistance From Crime

Unjustified text and the zero hour

1994 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 243-252
Author(s):  
Robin Kinross
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
General Principle ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Postwar Europe

This is the text of a lecture given at the conference on 'Design & reconstruction in postwar Europe', held at the Victoria & Albert Museum, London, in January 1994. It is an attempt to locate a general principle of design - unjustified setting of text - in a precise historical context. The discussion focusses on experiments and debates over unjustified text in the years around 1945, by designers in Switzerland, Britain, and the Netherlands.

Site of Deportation, Site of Memory

2017 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Concentration Camps ◽  
Historical Aspects ◽  
Nazi Occupation ◽  
Nazi Persecution

The Hollandsche Schouwburg is a former theatre in Amsterdam where, during the Nazi occupation of the Netherlands, tens of thousands of Jews were assembled before being deported to transit and concentration camps. Before the war, the theatre had been an example of Jewish integration in the Netherlands, and after the war it became a memorial for the Jewish victims of Nazi persecution. This book is the first international publication to address all the historical aspects of the site, putting it in a broader European and historical context.

Public perceptions towards wildfire preparedness in the Veluwe region of the Netherlands

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 25
Author(s):  
Brian P. Oswald ◽  
Amy Brennan ◽  
Pat Stephens Williams ◽  
Ray Darville ◽  
Sarah McCaffrey
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Wildland Fire ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Public Perceptions ◽  
Government Agencies ◽  
Wildland Fires ◽  
High Expectations ◽  
Public Opinions ◽  
Weather Patterns ◽  
Public Expectations

The Netherlands has a growing threat of wildfires due to warmer and drier weather patterns. The purpose of this study was to identify public perceptions towards wildland fire preparedness in the forested Veluwe region of the country to aid those managers who would be affected by wildland fires to better plan for and manage fire events. Over 500 surveys were distributed to assess public opinions and perceptions regarding wildland fire and public expectations of government agencies in the event of a wildfire. Owing to the lack of any significant historical context of wildfires, the assumption was that the Dutch do not see fire as an immediate threat. Findings from this survey revealed that visitors and residents of the Veluwe region are aware of the wildfire problem in the Netherlands, but see wildfires as an immediate threat to nature (preferred term for most vegetated areas in the Netherlands) rather than themselves. Respondents to this survey also have high expectations of government agencies to inform them about wildfires.

The erosion of public sector vaccine production: the case of the Netherlands

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stuart Blume
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Public Sector ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Vaccine Production ◽  
World War ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
The Public ◽  
National Vaccination Programme ◽  
Do So

A century ago, state institutes of public health played an important role in the production of sera and vaccines. In The Netherlands and the Scandinavian countries they continued to do so until after World War II. Focusing in particular on The Netherlands, this chapter examines their withdrawal from vaccine production in the past 20 years. In the 1980s the Dutch government was still committed to maintaining the state’s ability to produce the vaccines needed by the national vaccination programme. A series of legal and institutional changes sought to protect the public sector vaccine producer against the threat of privatisation. These changes ultimately proved inadequate. Not only was the Institute’s ability to meet demand for new vaccines being eroded by global developments, but policy makers were increasingly convinced that vaccination practices should be harmonised with those of other European countries. The decision to sell off the Dutch state’s vaccine production facilities, taken in 2009, has to be understood in historical context. It was the outcome of globalisation processes that for two decades had worked simultaneously on both the supply and the demand sides

The dedication miniatures in the Egmond Gospels: a Byzantinizing iconography?

Quaerendo ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-62
Author(s):  
Krijnie Ciggaar
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Present Article ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Active Force ◽  
The West ◽  
The Hague ◽  
Court Life ◽  
Official Recognition

AbstractThe Egmond Gospels, a much cherished manuscript in the Netherlands, have provoked a wealth of publications, descriptions, commentaries, catalogue entries etc. Most noted are the two dedication miniatures representing count Thierry of Holland (d. 988) and his wife Hildegard, offering the Evangeliary to the abbey of Egmond. The MS is now in the Koninklijke Bibliotheek, The Hague, cod. 76 F I. In the present article an attempt has been made to describe the colour programme of these two miniatures more accurately with the help of a stereomicroscope and the Munsell Color Atlas. Some suggestions have been made about the pigments which were probably used. A new date for the miniatures has been proposed, taking into consideration their historical context and their iconography. The most likely period is from 974 to 980. In this period double portraits are being introduced in the West, in the Ottonian world. An incentive for this new style was undoubtedly the arrival of the Byzantine princess Theophano who married Otto II in 972. In the Byzantine world imperial double portraits were very common. After the death of her father-in-law Otto I, in 973 and the official recognition of her co-rulership in 974, her role became more prominent, and may have stimulated the making of Western double portraits, if not as propaganda then at least to imitate Byzantine court life. Egbert, son of Thierry II and Hildegard, became chancellor of the Reich in 976 and archbishop of Trier in 977. He played an important role in Ottonian art as a patron and promoter, in which Byzantine influence is clearly discernible. Iconographical elements in the Egmond Gospels, such as the proskynesis, the disproportion between donors and 'authorities', the symmetry, the double portrait etc. betray influence from Byzantine iconography. Byzantine influence, indirectly via the Ottonians, was thus an active force in the execution of these miniatures, wherein Egbert is likely to have played an active role, even if the artist and the workshop are unknown.

scholarly journals The Role and Place of the Preamble in Lithuanian Constitutional Regulation

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 136-158
Author(s):  
Beinoravičius Darijus ◽  
Mesonis Gediminas ◽  
Vainiutė Milda
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Main Part ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Structural Part ◽  
Legal Literature ◽  
Introductory Part ◽  
Constitutional Justice ◽  
Structural Parts ◽  
Political Principles

Abstract While analysing constitutions of various countries in the legal literature, typically not only the form and the content but also the structure of the constitution is discussed. The structure of the constitution is an internal organisational order of the norms of the constitution. Although every state’s constitution has a unique structure, certain regularities can be discerned. The analysis of the structure of various constitutions leads to the conclusion that normally each constitution consists of the following standard structural parts: the preamble, the main part, the final, transitional or additional provisions, and in some constitutions there can also be annexes. The article confirms that most constitutions begin with an introductory part, the preamble. Only the constitutions of several countries (e.g. Norway, the Netherlands, Belgium, Italy, Greece) contain no preamble. The preamble reflects the historical context and the circumstances of the adoption of a constitution, names the goals of the constitutional regulation, fortifies the values to be attained, declares the key political principles or even the fundamental human rights and freedoms, etc. Often the preamble reveals the methods of adoption of a constitution. The preamble is an important structural part of the constitution that helps to understand the established constitutional regulation. The principles enshrined in it can be considered a significant argument for the constitutional justice institutions while solving the case of whether the law or any other legal act in question contradicts the constitution. The preamble is not only a political, ideological, and/or philosophical category; it undoubtedly also carries a legal burden, therefore it is considered to have legal validity. Preambles are characterized as having a so-called higher style; they are usually formulated not in compliance with the requirements of legal technique.

scholarly journals From Indigenous Customary Law to Diasporic Cultural Heritage: Reappropriations of Adat Throughout the History of Moluccan Postcolonial Migration

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerlov van Engelenhoven
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Collective Identity ◽  
Islamic Law ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Customary Law ◽  
Indonesian Archipelago ◽  
Migrant Community ◽  
History Of

Abstract Adat is originally an Arabic term meaning “custom” or “habit”, and was introduced by Islamic merchants in Maluku and throughout the Indonesian archipelago from the 1200s onward. The term was used as a way to refer to indigenous customs that could not be incorporated into Islamic law. Therefore, rather than referring to a particular system of customs or laws, adat denoted Islamic law’s indeterminate opposite: i.e. the wide variety of indigenous practices which, other than this generalizing label of “custom”, remained undefined. Throughout the chapter, I will trace the development of this term from its original usage to its current-day reinterpretation as a form of diasporic cultural heritage by the Moluccan postcolonial migrant community in the Netherlands. As will become clear, the contemporary Moluccan application can be understood as a strategic reappropriation of the term for the construction of their collective identity, which leaves intact the term’s original capacity of having no fixed definition. By placing the Moluccan application of adat within the historical context of their separatist ideology vis-à-vis Indonesia, and their migration to the Netherlands in the early 1950s, I will argue that their reappropriation of adat as a deliberately indefinable form of Moluccan cultural heritage can be understood as a way for them to protect their collective identity as a separatist people from becoming a matter of wider contestation.

scholarly journals An investigation of cultural dislocation in the work of selected artists

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Jetteke De Vries
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Jewish Woman ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Art Practice ◽  
Post Colonial ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Female Protagonists ◽  
Visual Metaphors

This dissertation sets out to investigate cultural dislocation in the work of Leora Farber (1964), Viviane Sassen (1972), George Alamidis (1954) and my art practice. The paper begins by highlighting the importance of this study and defines terminology for the purpose of this research. In addition an explanation of the research methodology used is provided. The study is contextualised through a discussion of writings by Stuart Hall (1997), Edward Said (1987), Heidi Armbruster (2010), Chloe Sells (2011), Katheryn Woodward (1997), Michel Foucault (1967), Leora Farber (2012) and Lorin Friesen (2013). An analysis of the selected artists’ work reveals an investigation of cultural dislocation within diverse cultural contexts. Farber investigates her position as a second generation Jewish woman in post- colonial, post-Apartheid South Africa through the use of three protagonists. She does this in an attempt to create a lasting Jewish / South African hybrid identity. She explores not only her Jewish heritage and its connotations, but also the changing notions of white identity in post 1994 South Africa. Sassen, in her photographic depiction of obscured African subjects, challenges the viewer’s perceptions of Africa and positions herself as being ‘in-between’ Africa and the Netherlands, where she “will always be the stranger … and will never be part of the culture” (Sassen in Jaeger 2010). Alamidis’ work explores cultural dislocation in the context of migration, eloquently expressed through the use of the identity cards of 1950s Greek immigrants as visual metaphors for the loss of identity. I explore cultural dislocation through the history of three female protagonists (my grandmother, mother and myself) and their migration between the Netherlands and Southern Africa. The protagonists’ cultural narratives provide an historical context for a discussion of my art practice in the form of an exhibition titled Discovering Home. The conclusion outlines the research findings and identifies possible areas of future research. The main research finding reveals that the formation of a new subject identity, post migration, is dependent on a specific (historical) time and (geographical and psychological) space. An area of possible future research, in the context of cultural dislocation, is the use of Foucault’s (1967) theory of heterotopias to explore the idea of the ‘third space’ functioning as a personal heterotopia.

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