Public perceptions towards wildfire preparedness in the Veluwe region of the Netherlands

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 25
Author(s):  
Brian P. Oswald ◽  
Amy Brennan ◽  
Pat Stephens Williams ◽  
Ray Darville ◽  
Sarah McCaffrey
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Wildland Fire ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Public Perceptions ◽  
Government Agencies ◽  
Wildland Fires ◽  
High Expectations ◽  
Public Opinions ◽  
Weather Patterns ◽  
Public Expectations

The Netherlands has a growing threat of wildfires due to warmer and drier weather patterns. The purpose of this study was to identify public perceptions towards wildland fire preparedness in the forested Veluwe region of the country to aid those managers who would be affected by wildland fires to better plan for and manage fire events. Over 500 surveys were distributed to assess public opinions and perceptions regarding wildland fire and public expectations of government agencies in the event of a wildfire. Owing to the lack of any significant historical context of wildfires, the assumption was that the Dutch do not see fire as an immediate threat. Findings from this survey revealed that visitors and residents of the Veluwe region are aware of the wildfire problem in the Netherlands, but see wildfires as an immediate threat to nature (preferred term for most vegetated areas in the Netherlands) rather than themselves. Respondents to this survey also have high expectations of government agencies to inform them about wildfires.

scholarly journals Trends in adverse weather patterns and large wildland fires in Aragón (NE Spain) from 1978 to 2010

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 1393-1399 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Cardil ◽  
D. M. Molina ◽  
J. Ramirez ◽  
C. Vega-García
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Temporal Trend ◽  
Wildland Fire ◽  
Fire Behavior ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Wildland Fires ◽  
Weather Patterns ◽  
Adverse Weather Conditions ◽  
Adverse Weather ◽  
Ne Spain

Abstract. This work analyzes the effects of high temperature days on large wildland fires during 1978–2010 in Aragón (NE Spain). A high temperature day was established when air temperature was higher than 20 °C at 850 hPa. Temperature at 850 hPa was chosen because it properly characterizes the low troposphere state, and some of the problems that affect surface reanalysis do not occur. High temperature days were analyzed from April to October in the study period, and the number of these extreme days increased significantly. This temporal trend implied more frequent adverse weather conditions in later years that could facilitate extreme fire behavior. The effects of those high temperatures days in large wildland fire patterns have been increasingly important in the last years of the series.

scholarly journals Current Wildland Fire Patterns and Challenges in Europe: A Synthesis of National Perspectives

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 117862212110281
Author(s):  
Nieves Fernandez-Anez ◽  
Andrey Krasovskiy ◽  
Mortimer Müller ◽  
Harald Vacik ◽  
Jan Baetens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Wildland Fire ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Local Analysis ◽  
Wildland Fires ◽  
Fire Statistics ◽  
Quantitative Evidence ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Fire Patterns

Changes in climate, land use, and land management impact the occurrence and severity of wildland fires in many parts of the world. This is particularly evident in Europe, where ongoing changes in land use have strongly modified fire patterns over the last decades. Although satellite data by the European Forest Fire Information System provide large-scale wildland fire statistics across European countries, there is still a crucial need to collect and summarize in-depth local analysis and understanding of the wildland fire condition and associated challenges across Europe. This article aims to provide a general overview of the current wildland fire patterns and challenges as perceived by national representatives, supplemented by national fire statistics (2009–2018) across Europe. For each of the 31 countries included, we present a perspective authored by scientists or practitioners from each respective country, representing a wide range of disciplines and cultural backgrounds. The authors were selected from members of the COST Action “Fire and the Earth System: Science & Society” funded by the European Commission with the aim to share knowledge and improve communication about wildland fire. Where relevant, a brief overview of key studies, particular wildland fire challenges a country is facing, and an overview of notable recent fire events are also presented. Key perceived challenges included (1) the lack of consistent and detailed records for wildland fire events, within and across countries, (2) an increase in wildland fires that pose a risk to properties and human life due to high population densities and sprawl into forested regions, and (3) the view that, irrespective of changes in management, climate change is likely to increase the frequency and impact of wildland fires in the coming decades. Addressing challenge (1) will not only be valuable in advancing national and pan-European wildland fire management strategies, but also in evaluating perceptions (2) and (3) against more robust quantitative evidence.

scholarly journals Unmanned Aerial Vehicles for Wildland Fires: Sensing, Perception, Cooperation and Assistance

Drones ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
Moulay A. Akhloufi ◽  
Andy Couturier ◽  
Nicolás A. Castro
Keyword(s):  
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles ◽  
Wildland Fire ◽  
Fire Intensity ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Environmental Damage ◽  
Unmanned Aerial Systems ◽  
Wildland Fires ◽  
Natural Risk ◽  
Aerial Vehicles

Wildfires represent a significant natural risk causing economic losses, human death and environmental damage. In recent years, the world has seen an increase in fire intensity and frequency. Research has been conducted towards the development of dedicated solutions for wildland fire assistance and fighting. Systems were proposed for the remote detection and tracking of fires. These systems have shown improvements in the area of efficient data collection and fire characterization within small-scale environments. However, wildland fires cover large areas making some of the proposed ground-based systems unsuitable for optimal coverage. To tackle this limitation, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) and unmanned aerial systems (UAS) were proposed. UAVs have proven to be useful due to their maneuverability, allowing for the implementation of remote sensing, allocation strategies and task planning. They can provide a low-cost alternative for the prevention, detection and real-time support of firefighting. In this paper, previous works related to the use of UAV in wildland fires are reviewed. Onboard sensor instruments, fire perception algorithms and coordination strategies are considered. In addition, some of the recent frameworks proposing the use of both aerial vehicles and unmanned ground vehicles (UGV) for a more efficient wildland firefighting strategy at a larger scale are presented.

Unjustified text and the zero hour

1994 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 243-252
Author(s):  
Robin Kinross
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
General Principle ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Postwar Europe

This is the text of a lecture given at the conference on 'Design & reconstruction in postwar Europe', held at the Victoria & Albert Museum, London, in January 1994. It is an attempt to locate a general principle of design - unjustified setting of text - in a precise historical context. The discussion focusses on experiments and debates over unjustified text in the years around 1945, by designers in Switzerland, Britain, and the Netherlands.

Public Perceptions of Child Sexual Exploitation Abroad: A Vignette Experiment on the Influence of Social Distance

2021 ◽  
pp. 001112872110647
Author(s):  
Anneke Koning
Keyword(s):  
Public Opinion ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Social Distance ◽  
Sexual Exploitation ◽  
Public Perceptions ◽  
Spatial Distance ◽  
Crime Severity ◽  
Child Sexual Exploitation ◽  
Vignette Experiment ◽  
The Impact

This study examines the impact of social and spatial distance on public opinion about sexual exploitation of children. A randomized vignette experiment among members of a Dutch household panel investigated whether public perceptions of child sexual exploitation were more damning or more lenient when it occurred in a country closer to home, and explored theoretical explanations. The results show that offenses committed in the Netherlands or U.S. are overall perceived as more negative than those committed in Romania or Thailand. Social distance affects public perceptions about crime severity, and victims are attributed more responsibility in socially close than socially distant conditions. The study concludes that public perceptions are contingent upon the crime location, even when applied to child sexual exploitation.

Applying ICTs in Juridicial Decision Making by Government Agencies

2011 ◽  
pp. 87-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Groothuis
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Expert Systems ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Electronic Communication ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Electronic Government ◽  
Government Agencies ◽  
Human Interference ◽  
Government Organizations

Electronic government is developing throughout Europe. Increasingly, central, regional, and local governments use ICT applications to perform their tasks. In the 1970s and 1980s, computers were mainly used to perform administrative tasks (including word processing). In the 1990s, juridical expert systems were introduced within government organizations: software programs which can solve juridical problems, either without any human interference or with limited human interference, by means of a reasoning mechanism and a “knowledge database” (Groothuis, 2004). Furthermore, government agencies started to use new ICT applications such as the Internet and e-mail to communicate electronically with citizens. This article examines the juridical aspects of automatic decision making and electronic communication by government agencies in The Netherlands and addresses the following questions: 1. What is the legal framework for automatic decision-making by government agencies in The Netherlands? 2. What is the juridical quality of decisions made by expert systems in practice? 3. What is the legal framework for electronic communication between government agencies and citizens in The Netherlands? 4. To what extent does electronic government exist in The Netherlands and what are its prospects for the period 2005-2007?

Trajectories of Multiculturalism in Germany, the Netherlands and Canada: In Search of Common Patterns

2010 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 166-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elke Winter
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Public Perceptions ◽  
Immigrant Integration ◽  
Important Distinction ◽  
Theoretical Position ◽  
National Minorities ◽  
Different Types ◽  
State Responses ◽  
Recent Immigration

AbstractIn the mid-1990s, Canadian scholarship introduced an important distinction between historically incorporated national minorities and ethnic groups emerging from recent immigration. While the former may be accommodated through federal or multinational arrangements, multiculturalism has come to describe a normative framework of immigrant integration. The distinction between these analytically different types of movements is crucial for Taylor's and Kymlicka's influential theories, but the relations between different types of national and ethnic struggles for rights and recognition have remained unexplored in much of the subsequent scholarly literature. This article starts from a theoretical position where different types of diversity are viewed as highly interdependent in practice. Tracing the trajectories of multiculturalism in three different countries, the article aims to identify common patterns of how changing relations between traditionally incorporated groups affect public perceptions of and state responses to more recent immigration-induced diversity. More specifically, it asks the following question: to what extent does the absence (in Germany), discontinuation (in the Netherlands) and exacerbation (in Canada) of claims on ethnocultural grounds by traditionally incorporated groups influence the willingness of the national majority/ies to grant multicultural rights to immigrants?

Estimating radiated flux density from wildland fires using the raw output of limited bandpass detectors

2015 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 461 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert L. Kremens ◽  
Matthew B. Dickinson
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Spectrum ◽  
Wildland Fire ◽  
Line Emission ◽  
Emission Spectra ◽  
Total Power ◽  
Wildland Fires ◽  
Linear Superposition ◽  
Mixed Pixel ◽  
Limited Bandwidth ◽  
Areal Fraction

We have simulated the radiant emission spectra from wildland fires such as would be observed at a scale encompassing the pre-frontal fuel bed, the flaming front and the zone of post-frontal combustion and cooling. For these simulations, we developed a ‘mixed-pixel’ model where the fire infrared spectrum is estimated as the linear superposition of spectra of many (n ~ 30) greybody emitters of randomly selected areal fraction, emissivity and temperature. Our model neglects contributions from atomic and molecular line emission from combustion gasses. The purpose of these simulations was to allow unambiguous use of limited bandwidth detectors to estimate the total power emitted from a wildland fire. From the simulations we observed a well-defined relationship between ground-leaving radiance (W m–2 sr–1) and limited bandpass sensor-reaching radiance for many different detector spectral responses. Error in the relationship is least when the detector sampled in the mid-wave portion of the infrared spectrum (~3–5 μm) where flaming combustion emits most strongly. We validate our approach to estimating total power using data from experimental burns. The ability to estimate total power from limited bandpass measurements has great utility in the observation of wildland fires from ground-based instruments and aircraft and satellite platforms.

scholarly journals OPERAÇÕES DE PREVENÇÃO E COMBATE AOS INCÊNDIOS FLORESTAIS NO ESTADO DE RORAIMA – 2003/2004

FLORESTA ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Giselle Paes Gouveia ◽  
José Carlos Mendes De Morais
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Prescribed Burning ◽  
Wildland Fire ◽  
The State ◽  
Team Work ◽  
Fire Prevention ◽  
Small Farmers ◽  
Wildland Fires ◽  
Conservation Units ◽  
Governmental Institutions

A prevenção e o combate aos incêndios florestais nas Unidades de Conservação Federal no estado de Roraima demandaram um sistema de logística e locação de pessoal especializado, além de equipamentos apropriados. O controle de queimadas no Estado em 2003 e 2004 teve início com a elaboração participativa de um calendário de queima, com as seguintes ações do Ibama: o Ibama Itinerante, que emitiu autorizações de queima nos assentamentos, favorecendo a legalização dos produtores sem acesso ao Ibama e o controle deste sobre quanto, onde e o que se queima no Estado; vistorias técnicas associadas à fiscalização especializada, instruindo a queima in locu e o desenvolvimento de atividades típicas de fiscalização. WILDLAND FIRE PREVENTION AND SUPPRESSION IN THE STATE OF RORAIMA –2003/2004 Abstract Prevention and suppression of wildland fires in Federal Conservation Units in the State of Roraima demandeimplementation of a logistical system, work of specialized professionals and the use of appropriate equipments2003 and 2004, the control of burnings in Roraima initiated with the establishment of a calendar for prescburnings elaborated in co-operation with several governmental and non-governmental institutions, with the folloactions being delegated to Ibama: a routing team-work was responsible for the issuing of burning authorizatiosettlements located near to agriculturists, contributing for the legalization of producers without access to Ibamatheir control; the knowledge of who was making a burning, when, where, how much and what areas were burniRoraima; to hold technical inspections associated to law-enforcement activities, instructing small farmers “in locuhow to make a prescribed burning, and the development of typical inspection activities.

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