Comparative Institutional Analysis: Sub-Saharan Africa and East Asia

2017 ◽  
pp. 30-70
Author(s):  
Machiko Nissanke ◽  
Ernest Aryeetey
Keyword(s):  
East Asia ◽  
Institutional Analysis ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Comparative Institutional Analysis ◽  
Sub Saharan

scholarly journals Mapping of affordability levels for photovoltaic-based electricity generation in the solar belt of sub-Saharan Africa, East Asia and South Asia

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sándor Szabó ◽  
Irene Pinedo Pascua ◽  
Daniel Puig ◽  
Magda Moner-Girona ◽  
Mario Negre ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
East Asia ◽  
South Asia ◽  
Electricity Generation ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Solar Photovoltaic ◽  
Term Operation ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
High Level ◽  
Do So

AbstractLack of access to modern forms of energy hampers efforts to reduce poverty. The provision of electricity to off-grid communities is therefore a long-standing developmental goal. Yet, many off-grid electrification projects neglect mid- and long-term operation and maintenance costs. When this is the case, electricity services are unlikely to be affordable to the communities that are the project’s primary target. Here we show that, compared with diesel-powered electricity generation systems, solar photovoltaic systems are more affordable to no less than 36% of the unelectrified populations in East Asia, South Asia, and sub-Saharan Africa. We do so by developing geo-referenced estimates of affordability at a high level of resolution (1 km2). The analysis illustrates the differences in affordability that may be found at the subnational level, which underscores that electrification investments should be informed by subnational data.

Tracking Development in South-East Asia and sub-Saharan Africa: The Primacy of Policy

2012 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. s5-s24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Kees van Donge ◽  
David Henley ◽  
Peter Lewis
Keyword(s):  
East Asia ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
South East Asia ◽  
Sub Saharan

scholarly journals Epidemiological patterns of hepatitis B virus (HBV) in highly endemic areasr

1996 ◽  
Vol 117 (2) ◽  
pp. 313-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. J. Edmunds ◽  
G. F. Medley ◽  
D. J. Nokes ◽  
C. J. O'Callaghan ◽  
H. C. Whittle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
East Asia ◽  
Horizontal Transmission ◽  
Perinatal Transmission ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Age Dependent ◽  
Endemic Areas ◽  
Sub Saharan

SummaryThis paper uses meta-analysis of published data and a deterministic mathematical model of hepatitis B virus (HBV) transmission to describe the patterns of HBV infection in high endemicity areas. We describe the association between the prevalence of carriers and a simple measure of the rate of infection, the age at which half the population have been infected (A50), and assess the contribution of horizontal and perinatal transmission to this association. We found that the two main hyper-endemic areas of sub-Saharan Africa and east Asia have similar prevalences of carriers and values of A50, and that there is a negative nonlinear relationship between A50 and the prevalence of carriers in high endemicity areas (Spearman's Rank, P = 0·0086). We quantified the risk of perinatal transmission and the age-dependent rate of infection to allow a comparison between the main hyper-endemic areas. East Asia was found to have higher prevalences of HBeAg positive mothers and a greater risk of perinatal transmission from HBeAg positive mothers than sub-Saharan Africa, though the differences were not statistically significant. However, the two areas have similar magnitudes and age-dependent rates of horizontal transmission. Results of a simple compartmental model suggest that similar rates of horizontal transmission are sufficient to generate the similar patterns between A50 and the prevalences of carriers. Interrupting horizontal transmission by mass immunization is expected to have a significant, nonlinear impact on the rate of acquisition of new carriers.

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