Contesting human security expertise: technical practices in reconfiguring international security

2015 ◽  
pp. 157-173
Keyword(s):  
International Security ◽  
Human Security

scholarly journals Human security as biosecurity

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-23
Author(s):  
Craig Albert ◽  
Amado Baez ◽  
Joshua Rutland
Keyword(s):  
International Security ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Human Security ◽  
The United States ◽  
Security Threat ◽  
Global Security ◽  
Case Study Analysis ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
The Individual

Abstract Research within security studies has struggled to determine whether infectious disease (ID) represents an existential threat to national and international security. With the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19), it is imperative to reexamine the relationship between ID and global security. This article addresses the specific threat to security from COVID-19, asking, “Is COVID-19 a threat to national and international security?” To investigate this question, this article uses two theoretical approaches: human security and biosecurity. It argues that COVID-19 is a threat to global security by the ontological crisis posed to individuals through human security theory and through high politics, as evidenced by biosecurity. By viewing security threats through the lens of the individual and the state, it becomes clear that ID should be considered an international security threat. This article examines the relevant literature and applies the theoretical framework to a case study analysis focused on the United States.

scholarly journals Hydropolitics versus Human Security: Implications of South Africa's Appropriation of Lesotho's Highlands Water

Daedalus ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 150 (4) ◽  
pp. 181-193
Author(s):  
Oscar Gakuo Mwangi
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
International Security ◽  
Water Reservoir ◽  
Human Security ◽  
Interstate Conflict ◽  
Structural Relationship ◽  
Water Project ◽  
Environmental Threats ◽  
The World ◽  
Lesotho Highlands Water Project

Abstract The Lesotho Highlands Water Project, which exports water to South Africa, has enhanced the unequal structural relationship that exists between both states. Lesotho, one of the few countries in the world that exports water, has transformed from one of the largest sources of labor for South Africa to a water reservoir for South Africa. Though the project provides mutual strategic economic and political benefits to both riparian states, its construction has negatively affected environmental and human security in Lesotho. Due to hydropolitics, environmental threats in Lesotho caused by the project's construction are overlooked. These threats, which have devastating effects on resettled communities and the country's ecosystem, also constitute a threat to domestic and international security. The desire to prevent interstate conflict and maintain cooperation between the two riparian states further enhances the lopsided interstate relationship.

The United Nations and International Security in the New Millennium

2005 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 517-541
Author(s):  
W. Andy Knight
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
United Nations ◽  
Former Soviet Union ◽  
International Security ◽  
Human Security ◽  
The United States ◽  
Post Cold War ◽  
The United Nations ◽  
The Cold War

AbstractThe end of the Cold War opened a window of opportunity for the United Nations to play a greater role in international security than it was allowed to play in the midst of the ideological conflict between the United States and the former Soviet Union. However, the expected "peace dividend" never materialized in the post-Cold War period. Instead, a number of civil conflicts erupted and new threats to security, particularly to human security, emerged. This chapter critically examines the evolution of the UN's role in addressing international security problems since 1945, including global terrorism. It also outlines recent attempts by the world body, through extension of its reach beyond the territorial constraints of sovereignty, to build sustained peace through preventive measures and protect human security globally.

Critical human security studies

2010 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
EDWARD NEWMAN
Keyword(s):  
International Security ◽  
Security Analysis ◽  
Human Security ◽  
The State ◽  
Security Studies ◽  
Critical Security Studies ◽  
External Threats ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Distinct Approach

AbstractFrom a critical security studies perspective – and non-traditional security studies more broadly – is the concept of human security something which should be taken seriously? Does human security have anything significant to offer security studies? Both human security and critical security studies challenge the state-centric orthodoxy of conventional international security, based upon military defence of territory against ‘external’ threats. Both also challenge neorealist scholarship, and involve broadening and deepening the security agenda. Yet critical security studies have not engaged substantively with human security as a distinct approach to non-traditional security. This article explores the relationship between human security and critical security studies and considers why human security arguments – which privilege the individual as the referent of security analysis and seek to directly influence policy in this regard – have not made a significant impact in critical security studies. The article suggests a number of ways in which critical and human security studies might engage. In particular, it suggests that human security scholarship must go beyond its (mostly) uncritical conceptual underpinnings if it is to make a lasting impact upon security studies, and this might be envisioned as Critical Human Security Studies (CHSS).

scholarly journals La pandemia del SARS-CoV-2 como riesgo global: desigualdad e inseguridad humana

2021 ◽  
pp. 62-76
Author(s):  
Sandra Kanety Zavaleta Hernández ◽  
Cesari Irwing Rico Becerra
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
International Security ◽  
Structural Violence ◽  
Human Security ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Global Risk ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Current Health ◽  
Global Pandemic

La pandemia del SARS-CoV-2 cuestiona las estrategias de seguridad global dominantes y resalta las inmensas contradicciones de nuestro modo de vida. Este artículo tiene por objetivo analizar, desde la perspectiva de la seguridad humana, la pandemia como riesgo y amenaza para la vida social a escala global. Se retoman las categorías conceptuales de seguridad humana y riesgo global, para comprender las desigualdades, violencias estructurales y vulnerabilidades que acompañan la emergencia sanitaria y que perpetuarán sus afectaciones en el tiempo, para hacer de ella una crisis social total. Mediante las metodologías cuantitativa y cualitativa, se examinan algunas de las principales tendencias de riesgo que la pandemia representa. La hipótesis es que, con la pandemia, se suprimen los resquicios de seguridad y certeza brindados por la modernidad, cuyas contradicciones provocaron la catástrofe planetaria más importante en la historia reciente. Asimismo, la pandemia muestra que las estrategias ancladas a la seguridad tradicional no son las más apropiadas para enfrentar las consecuencias que tendrá la crisis sanitaria. La reivindicación de perspectivas multidimensionales sobre la seguridad se hace imprescindible, para responder a riesgos y amenazas. Abstract The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has questioned the dominant international security strategies, and also highlighted the immense contradictions in our global way of life. From a human security perspective, this investigation analyses the pandemic as a risk and threat to social life on a global scale. The conceptual categories of human security and global risk are used to understand the inequalities, structural violence and vulnerabilities that accompany the health emergency and make it a total social crisis. Some of the main risk trends that the pandemic represents are quantitatively and qualitatively analyzed. It is proposed that the global pandemic is leading to the suppression of the loopholes of security and certainty provided by modernity, whose contradictions have led us to suffer the most important planetary catastrophe in recent history. Likewise, the pandemic has shown that the strategies anchored to traditional security are not the most appropriate to face the consequences that the current health crisis will have. Therefore, to respond to these risks and threats, it is essential to develop new perspectives on security.

Rethinking the “State Security-Human Security” Nexus in the Face of COVID-19

2022 ◽  
pp. 109-123
Author(s):  
Sirin Duygulu
Keyword(s):  
International Security ◽  
Resistance To Change ◽  
Human Security ◽  
The State ◽  
State Security ◽  
The Face

It is the argument of this chapter that the COVID-19 pandemic created a need to problematize how we understand security, especially the contrast between state security and human security. This chapter argues that the pandemic has illustrated the importance of human security as well as the need to understand it as a precondition for, and not as an alternative to, state and international security. However, the study does not argue that the increased importance of human security translates into the protection of all humans. The crude reality that security is always at someone's and something's expense sustains vulnerabilities within societies. The study acknowledges that the changes in the security implications (both material and perceived) do not necessarily or automatically translate to changes in policies. Institutional resistance to change and general political trends among other factors affect the extent to which policies will evolve in a direction that would better meet the security implications of the pandemic.

scholarly journals DESENVOLVIMENTO E SEGURANÇA NA POLÍTICA EXTERNA BRASILEIRA: CONSIDERAÇÕES TEÓRICAS E EMPÍRICAS DOS GOVERNOS LULA E DILMA (2003-2016)

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamilla Raquel Rizzi ◽  
Diego Felipe Antunes
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Foreign Policy ◽  
International Security ◽  
Human Security

Since the mid-twentieth century, Brazilian foreign policy has been gradually insertinginto its agenda the concept of development (alternating between an orthodox and aheterodox view) as a fundamental motto of action. Other sub-areas of Brazilian diplomacyhave become conditional on development, especially international security. Presentingsocial aspects of development and Human Security as intertwined since the1990s in Brazil, the article analyzes theoretically and empirically the foreign policythe governments of Lula da Silva (2003-2010) and Dilma Rousseff (2011-2016). Takingas its main goal to verify the validity of such hypothesis, the article concludes thatthis conditionality is coherent with Brazilian socioeconomic and geopolitical reality,but that its proximity to Human Security must be taken with caution.

scholarly journals STATE ACTION AS AN INDIVIDUAL SECURITY THREAT IN CASE OF CYBERCRIME SECURITIZATION

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 77
Author(s):  
Miftah Farid ◽  
Ajeng Ayu Adhisty
Keyword(s):  
State Policy ◽  
International Security ◽  
Technology Development ◽  
Human Security ◽  
The United States ◽  
Security Threat ◽  
Security Issue ◽  
Object State ◽  
State Security ◽  
Individual Security

<p>In the current security concept, there are some changes to the current security object. This is due to the increasingly broad understanding of security objects.  This study examines the emergence of cyber issues as a new threat to state security. Cyber actions in the virtual world are developing along with the rapid technology development. Moreover, the state policy on cyber issues is considered as a new threat to individual security. The development of that state security issue is being debated among the theoreticians of international security studies. The concept of securitization explains the phenomenon of cyber issues and receives the attention of many states. Securitization carried out by the United States on Cybercrime issues becomes the initial trigger in viewing cyber actions as a new threat to state security. The object of this paper is more focused on State policy in dealing with cyber threats. Afterward, state policy in facing the cyber threat is seen from the perspective of human security from UNDP. Therefore, there is a debate about the desired security object. State actions to reach state security are then considered as individual privacy security. So, international security now does not only focus on state objects but also on individual, environment, economy, and identity. Thus, every action taken in securing an object does not pose a threat to other security objects.</p><div><p class="Els-keywords">Keywords: Cybercrime, State Security, Human Security, Securitization</p></div>

CYBERCRIME AS A THREAT TO INTERNATIONAL SECURITY

2018 ◽  
pp. 96-107
Author(s):  
Vadim Vitalyevich Harin ◽  
Tatyana Vladislavovna Plotnikova
Keyword(s):  
International Security ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Human Security ◽  
Subsequent Development ◽  
Criminal Code ◽  
Virtual Space ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
History Of ◽  
New Type ◽  
Specific Species

With the advent of the first computer, human life changed forever. Virtual space has become an integral part of our lives. However, crime has evolved, a new specific species has emerged called cybercrime. In this study, we consider the features of a new type of crime. The history of the first criminal acts, the formation of the concept of cybercrime and its subsequent development are shown. Despite the rapid popularity among criminal circles, there is no clearly defined and generally accepted concept of cybercrime in science. These acts are characterized by very specific features. This encourages considering cybercrimes as not quite the standard of a crime. The classification and the main threats generated by these criminal acts are shown. The legislation of Russia and foreign countries is considered. In Russia, as in some foreign countries, the main focus is on fixing the responsibility for this act in the Criminal Code. At the same time, it should be noted that the states react rather quickly to the emergence of new threats and try to form relevant legislation. Identified and justified the problem of disclosure of cybercrime. These crimes are very relevant threats to human security, society and the state. Cybercrime is not only a national and regional threat, but also a threat to international security.

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