Risk and protective environmental factors for early bilingual language acquisition

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Daniela Gatt ◽  
Ciara O’Toole
Keyword(s):  
Language Acquisition ◽  
Environmental Factors

scholarly journals PEMEROLEHAN BAHASA ANAK SOMALIA UMUR 4 TAHUN TERHADAP BAHASA KEDUA DALAM LINGKUNGAN MASYARAKAT CIPUTAT TANGERANG SELATAN

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 41
Author(s):  
Dedy Eko Aryanto
Keyword(s):  
Second Language ◽  
Language Acquisition ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Depth Information ◽  
Qualitative Descriptive ◽  
Descriptive Method

ABSTAK: Faktor lingkungan sangat penting dalam pertumbuhan anak, terutama dalam perolehan bahasa anak-anak, semua manusia berkomunikasi dan berinteraksi dengan orang lain menggunakan bahasa yang sama dan ada juga yang menggunakan bahasa yang berbeda, dalam penelitian ini peneliti akan melakukan penelitian pada anak-anak Somalia yang berusia 4 tahun 8 bulan dan akan memperdalam bahasa kedua anak Somalia ini, yang bertepatan sekarang berdomisili di Indonesia, dalam penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif. Metode ini digunakan untuk memperoleh informasi mendalam baik secara teori maupun informasi tentang anak somalia yang tinggal di Indonesia. Faktor lingkungan menjadi sangat penting dalam penelitian tentang penguasaan bahasa anak-anak Somalia yang berusia 4 tahun dan 8 bulan.KATA KUNCI: faktor lingkungan; pemerolehan bahasa; bahasa kedua;anak Somalia.�LANGUANGE AQUISTION OF SOMALI CHILDREN 4 YEARS OLD AGAINST LANGUANGE IN CIPUTAT SOUTH TANGERANG COMUNITY ENVIRONMENT�ABSTRACT: Environmental factors are very important in the growth of a child, especially in the acquisition of children's language, all humans communicate and interact with others using the same language and there are also using different languages, in this study researchers will conduct research on Somali children aged 4 8 months and will deepen the second language of this Somali child, which coincides now domiciled in Indonesia, in this study using a qualitative descriptive method. This method is used to obtain in-depth information both in theory and information on somalia children who live in Indonesia. Environmental factors become very important in research on language acquisition of Somali children aged 4 years and 8 months.KEYWORDS: Environment; Language Acquisition; Second Language; Somali Children.

Designing studies to investigate the relationships between genes, environments, and developmental language disorders

2005 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
HELEN TAGER–FLUSBERG
Keyword(s):  
Language Acquisition ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Language Development ◽  
Final Section ◽  
Language Disorders ◽  
Developmental Language Disorders ◽  
Design And Implementation ◽  
Subject Selection ◽  
Specific Disorders ◽  
Key Questions

This paper focuses on designing studies that will compare children with developmental language disorders (DLD) drawn from several syndromes in which there are primary impairments in the acquisition of language. This kind of research can be used to address four key questions: (a) What are the developing language phenotypes that characterize specific disorders? (b) What factors are key precursors and predictors of language acquisition in DLD? (c) What are the genes that contribute to DLD in different syndromes? (d) What environmental factors influence the trajectories of language development in DLD? Several design issues are discussed including an overall study design, subject selection and recruitment, matching and comparisons across groups, and methodologies. A number of important challenges to the design and implementation of these kinds of studies are presented in the final section of the paper.

Environmental correlates of individual differences it language acquisition

1984 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 523-534 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Furrow ◽  
Katherine Nelson
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Language Acquisition ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Environmental Variables ◽  
Expressive Speech ◽  
Environmental Correlates ◽  
Speech Styles ◽  
Communicative Functions ◽  
Pronoun Use ◽  
Children's Speech

ABSTRACTPrevious studies have reported systematic individual differences among children in their noun and pronoun use. This study examined mothers' use of nouns and pronouns and their references to objects and persons as environmental variables which might relate to children's nominal preferences. Mothers' speech to children classified as referential or expressive in speech style (Nelson 1973) at low and high MLU levels (Nelson 1975) was analysed, and differences relating to children's style and MLU were reported. Results showed no relationship between mothers' use of nouns or pronouns and children's speech style, but did show that mothers' references to objects and persons were related to children's style. These findings are the strongest evidence to date that environmental factors contribute to stylistic differences in language acquisition, and also give support to Nelson's (1973) hypothesis that the communicative functions of language are an important factor in referential and expressive speech styles.

scholarly journals A SYNTACTICAL PATTERN OF 2.5 YEARS OLD BOY UTTERANCE (A CASE STUDY)

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 13
Author(s):  
Akhmad Hairul Umam
Keyword(s):  
Language Acquisition ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Child Language ◽  
Language Fluency ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Child Language Acquisition ◽  
Frame Work ◽  
Theoretical Frame ◽  
Innate Ability

This study aims to identify the utterances and to explore the language acquisition for 2.5 years old boy in its syntactical pattern.  The duration of this research is four months by observing and recording the words expression pronounced by the boy. Based on the finding, this boy firmly acquires the language mostly by nature (innate ability). However, the positive environment enables him to develop the child’s language fluency. Both nature and environment have important roles in the child language acquisition. It is in line with the theoretical frame work of language acquisition that in general language acquisition is shaped and influenced mainly by two factors: biological (innate ability) and environmental factors. Awhile the type of the utterances spoken by the boy aged 2.5 years old consisting of declarative 48 %, interrogative 29%, imperative 21%, and exclamation utterances 2%. In the syntactical pattern, the boy mostly speaks using the predicate utterances pattern (P), subject-predicate (S-P), then predicate-subject (P-S). The predicate (P) and subject-predicate (S-P) pattern of utterances are the most frequently spoken by boy. The boy is accustomed to and easily expresses his intentions with those two patterns that have represented a complete utterance according to what the boy intended.

Reductionist thinking and animal models in neuropsychiatric research

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole M. Baran
Keyword(s):  
Animal Models ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Disorders ◽  
Model Organisms ◽  
Developmental Genetic ◽  
Term Study ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors ◽  
Mechanisms Of Plasticity

AbstractReductionist thinking in neuroscience is manifest in the widespread use of animal models of neuropsychiatric disorders. Broader investigations of diverse behaviors in non-model organisms and longer-term study of the mechanisms of plasticity will yield fundamental insights into the neurobiological, developmental, genetic, and environmental factors contributing to the “massively multifactorial system networks” which go awry in mental disorders.

The bottleneck may be the solution, not the problem

2016 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arnon Lotem ◽  
Oren Kolodny ◽  
Joseph Y. Halpern ◽  
Luca Onnis ◽  
Shimon Edelman
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Language Acquisition ◽  
Recent Theory ◽  
Cognitive Mechanisms ◽  
Selection Pressures ◽  
Biological Trait ◽  
Memory Bottleneck

AbstractAs a highly consequential biological trait, a memory “bottleneck” cannot escape selection pressures. It must therefore co-evolve with other cognitive mechanisms rather than act as an independent constraint. Recent theory and an implemented model of language acquisition suggest that a limit on working memory may evolve to help learning. Furthermore, it need not hamper the use of language for communication.

The dual nature of obesity in metabolic programming: quantity versus quality of adipose tissue

2020 ◽  
Vol 134 (18) ◽  
pp. 2447-2451
Author(s):  
Anissa Viveiros ◽  
Gavin Y. Oudit
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Maternal Obesity ◽  
Metabolic Programming ◽  
Dual Nature ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity ◽  
Adipose Tissue Volume ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Metabolically Healthy

Abstract The global prevalence of obesity has been rising at an alarming rate, accompanied by an increase in both childhood and maternal obesity. The concept of metabolic programming is highly topical, and in this context, describes a predisposition of offspring of obese mothers to the development of obesity independent of environmental factors. Research published in this issue of Clinical Science conducted by Litzenburger and colleagues (Clin. Sci. (Lond.) (2020) 134, 921–939) have identified sex-dependent differences in metabolic programming and identify putative signaling pathways involved in the differential phenotype of adipose tissue between males and females. Delineating the distinction between metabolically healthy and unhealthy obesity is a topic of emerging interest, and the precise nature of adipocytes are key to pathogenesis, independent of adipose tissue volume.

Assessing the Link Between Perception and Production in Cantonese Tone Acquisition

2019 ◽  
Vol 62 (5) ◽  
pp. 1243-1257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peggy Pik Ki Mok ◽  
Holly Sze Ho Fung ◽  
Vivian Guo Li
Keyword(s):  
Language Acquisition ◽  
General Principle ◽  
Choice Task ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Tone Pair ◽  
Tone Production ◽  
Monosyllabic Words ◽  
Early Production ◽  
Forced Choice Task ◽  
Production Accuracy

Purpose Previous studies showed early production precedes late perception in Cantonese tone acquisition, contrary to the general principle that perception precedes production in child language. How tone production and perception are linked in 1st language acquisition remains largely unknown. Our study revisited the acquisition of tone in Cantonese-speaking children, exploring the possible link between production and perception in 1st language acquisition. Method One hundred eleven Cantonese-speaking children aged between 2;0 and 6;0 (years;months) and 10 adolescent reference speakers participated in tone production and perception experiments. Production materials with 30 monosyllabic words were transcribed in filtered and unfiltered conditions by 2 native judges. Perception accuracy was based on a 2-alternative forced-choice task with pictures covering all possible tone pair contrasts. Results Children's accuracy of production and perception of all the 6 Cantonese tones was still not adultlike by age 6;0. Both production and perception accuracies matured with age. A weak positive link was found between the 2 accuracies. Mother's native language contributed to children's production accuracy. Conclusions Our findings show that production and perception abilities are associated in tone acquisition. Further study is needed to explore factors affecting production accuracy in children. Supplemental Material https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.7960826

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