Federal actions to address environmental justice in minority populations and low-income populations: Executive Order 12898

2013 ◽  
pp. 159-165 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Justice ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Minority Populations ◽  
Executive Order

Application of Environmental Justice Analysis in a Statewide Freight Plan

2017 ◽  
Vol 2654 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-36
Author(s):  
Christopher Ryan
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Justice ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Policy Framework ◽  
Minority Populations ◽  
Department Of Transportation ◽  
Analysis Techniques ◽  
Academic Literature ◽  
Surface Transportation ◽  
Freight Planning ◽  
Develop State

Executive Order 12898 and subsequent U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT) orders require all state DOTs to complete environmental justice analyses to identify disproportionately high and adverse effects of programs, polices, and activities on minority populations and low-income populations. Many analysis techniques have emerged in practice and academic literature, but no official guidance has designated a preferred analysis approach. The passage of the Fixing America’s Surface Transportation Act introduced a number of new freight provisions for state DOTs, including a requirement to develop state freight plans to be eligible for funding through the National Highway Freight Program. This paper reviews the existing guidance for environmental justice analyses and documents the application of this guidance to an environmental justice analysis for the Minnesota Statewide Freight System Plan. The plan provides strategies and a policy framework for statewide freight stakeholders to guide planning efforts and investments in the state freight system. The paper concludes with a discussion of further considerations, strategies, and challenges facing freight planning practitioners in future freight environmental justice analyses.

Environmental Justice: Obesity, Physical Activity, and Healthy Eating

2006 ◽  
Vol 3 (s1) ◽  
pp. S30-S54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wendell C. Taylor ◽  
Walker S. Carlos Poston ◽  
Lovell Jones ◽  
M. Katherine Kraft
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Environmental Justice ◽  
Ethnic Minority ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Minority Populations ◽  
Healthy Weight ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Ethnic Minority Populations ◽  
Racial Ethnic

Background:The term “environmental justice” refers to efforts to address the disproportionate exposure to and burden of harmful environmental conditions experienced by low-income and racial/ethnic minority populations.Methods:Based on computer and manual searches, this paper presents a review of articles in the published literature that discuss disparities in physical activity, dietary habits, and obesity among different populations.Results:This paper provides evidence that economically disadvantaged and racial/ethnic minority populations have substantial environmental challenges to overcome to become physically active, to acquire healthy dietary habits, and to maintain a healthy weight. For example, residents living in poorer areas have more environmental barriers to overcome to be physically active.Conclusions:We propose a research agenda to specifically address environmental justice with regard to improving physical activity, dietary habits, and weight patterns.

URBAN DISPLACEMENT AND LOW-INCOME COMMUNITIES: THE CASE OF THE AMERICAN CITY FROM THE LATE TWENTIETH CENTURY

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 06 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason Knight ◽  
Mohammad Gharipour
Keyword(s):  
Urban Communities ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Urban Redevelopment ◽  
Minority Populations ◽  
The People ◽  
History Of ◽  
Late Twentieth ◽  
Cultural Connections ◽  
American Cities ◽  
Late Twentieth Century

How can urban redevelopment benefit existing low-income communities? The history of urban redevelopment is one of disruption of poor communities. Renewal historically offered benefits to the place while pushing out the people. In some cases, displacement is intentional, in others it is unintentional. Often, it is the byproduct of the quest for profits. Regardless of motives, traditional communities, defined by cultural connections, are often disrupted. Disadvantaged neighborhoods include vacant units, which diminish the community and hold back investment. In the postwar period, American cities entered into a program of urban renewal. While this program cleared blight, it also drove displacement among the cities’ poorest and was particularly hard on minority populations clustered in downtown slums. The consequences of these decisions continue to play out today. Concentration of poverty is increasing and American cities are becoming more segregated. As neighborhoods improve, poorer residents are uprooted and forced into even more distressed conditions, elsewhere. This paper examines the history of events impacting urban communities. It further reviews the successes and failures of efforts to benefit low-income communities.

scholarly journals Political control and policy-making uncertainty in executive orders: the implementation of environmental justice policy

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 329-358 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colin Provost ◽  
Brian J. Gerber
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Justice ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Original Data ◽  
Political Control ◽  
Executive Order ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Executive Orders ◽  
Fire Alarm ◽  
Bureaucratic Responsiveness ◽  
The Impact

AbstractEnvironmental justice (EJ) has represented an important equity challenge in policymaking for decades. President Clinton’s executive order (EO) 12898 in 1994 represented a significant federal action, requiring agencies to account for EJ issues in new rulemakings. We examine the impact of EO 12898 within the larger question of how EO are implemented in complex policymaking. We argue that presidential preferences will affect bureaucratic responsiveness and fire alarm oversight. However, EJ policy complexity produces uncertainty leading to bureaucratic risk aversion, constraining presidential efforts to steer policy. We utilise an original data set of nearly 2,000 final federal agency rules citing EO 12898 and find significant variation in its utilisation across administrations. Uncertainty over the nature of the order has an important influence on bureaucratic responsiveness. Our findings are instructive for the twin influences of political control and policy-making uncertainty and raise useful questions for future EJ and policy implementation research.

Toward the Development of a Unified Process and Methodology Guide for Environmental Justice Analysis in Planning and Programming

2021 ◽  
pp. 036119812110288
Author(s):  
Eliot Benman ◽  
David Aimen
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Justice ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Transportation Planning ◽  
Technical Assistance ◽  
Planning Process ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Metropolitan Planning Organizations ◽  
South Central ◽  
Planning Organizations ◽  
Analytical Approaches

Federal Environmental Justice directives require transportation agencies responsible for planning and programming federal funds, including state departments of transportation and metropolitan planning organizations (MPOs), to identify and address disproportionately high and adverse human health and environmental impacts on minority and low-income populations. Despite issuance of federal and state guidance and training programs, many MPOs nationwide continue to seek clarity on effective environmental justice (EJ) approaches and procedural considerations. The South Central Pennsylvania Unified EJ Process and Methodology study was a year-long effort undertaken by a consortium of MPOs in Pennsylvania Department of Transportation (PennDOT) District 8 to identify a unified and replicable approach to implementing EJ in transportation planning. PennDOT, Federal Highway Administration PA Division, and Federal Transit Administration Region III provided technical assistance and support to the effort. The consortium engaged a technical assistance consultant to facilitate a collaborative process to identify a process framework, a set of analytical methodologies, and effective strategies for advancing EJ in the regional transportation planning process. The study demonstrated a model for convening regional, state, and federal partners to reach consensus around an effective EJ process and methodology. This paper provides an overview of the study process, findings related to the concerns of the participating MPOs, and a brief description of the recommended analytical approaches. The paper discusses lessons learned during the course of the study and considers additional work required to further enhance the EJ process.

Introduction of a Guide to Enhance Risk Communication Among Low-Income and Minority Populations

2011 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 124-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Randy Rowel ◽  
Payam Sheikhattari ◽  
Tanyka M. Barber ◽  
Myrtle Evans-Holland
Keyword(s):  
Risk Communication ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Minority Populations

Traffic Calming and Environmental Justice: New York City’s Neighborhood Slow Zones

2018 ◽  
Vol 2672 (3) ◽  
pp. 175-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonas Xaver Hagen
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Environmental Justice ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Risk Exposure ◽  
Minority Communities ◽  
Traffic Calming ◽  
Traffic Injury ◽  
Planning Processes ◽  
Quantitative Analyses ◽  
Quantitative And Qualitative Methods

This paper examines New York City’s Neighborhood Slow Zones (NSZ) program in terms of environmental justice. The paper uses both quantitative and qualitative methods. Quantitative analyses show that the areas where the zones are implemented are well represented in regarding environmental justice (low-income and minority) populations, and that risk exposure to traffic injury and traffic casualty counts are similar in NSZ and non-NSZ areas. The qualitative analysis shows that the program was structured in a way that included the participation of environmental justice communities and led to the siting of zones in such neighborhoods. These findings suggest that the NSZ program can address environmental justice’s goals of distributing environmental risk more equitably and including low-income and minority communities in planning processes.

Estimating the Earnings from Peer-to-Peer Carsharing for Vehicle Owners on the Turo Platform using Anonymized Data

2020 ◽  
Vol 2674 (9) ◽  
pp. 256-265
Author(s):  
Joseph P. Schwieterman ◽  
C. Scott Smith
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Marginal Cost ◽  
Rental Housing ◽  
Peer To Peer ◽  
Large Concentration ◽  
Minority Populations ◽  
Demographic Profiles ◽  
Income Family ◽  
Anonymized Data

Peer-to-peer carsharing, in which “hosts” (i.e., vehicle owners) make their vehicles available for a fee, has grown markedly in recent years. Little is known about how activity in this sector is distributed across communities with different socioeconomic or demographic profiles, or about the income it provides to hosts. To offer insights into these issues, this study evaluates anonymized data of trips made on Turo, one of the country's largest peer-to-peer carsharing platforms, in Illinois. It shows that usage is heaviest in higher-density neighborhoods with above-average unemployment and rental housing rates, with a particularly large concentration on Chicago's near north, south, and west sides, as well as zip codes with sizable minority populations. Most transactions are financially remunerative to hosts who would own their vehicle regardless of their decision to share. When maintenance and other expenses are taken into account (while nonmonetary costs such as the host's time are excluded), 94.9% of trips cover their marginal cost to the host. The returns from sharing sports utility vehicles (SUVs) tend to be higher than those for sedans and minivans. A low-income family making $40,000 annually will increase household income by 6% by sharing a vehicle 90 days annually.

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