Feeding the world beyond 2050: A coordinated approach to preserving agricultural innovation and the human right to food

2014 ◽  
pp. 230-258
Author(s):  
Daniel R. Cahoy
2009 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sukanya Pillay

Despite reports of being Asia’s next economic superpower, India is experiencing a crisis in food that threatens development, peace, and security. Affecting 700 million Indians, the food crisis is caused by the State’s failures to uphold its legal obligations to protect the international human right to food. Conflicting post-Independence agricultural policies, the Green Revolution, and neoliberal reforms imposed at the behest of the World Bank, the International Monetary Fund, and the World Trade Organization, have dismantled the country’s food production capacity. The result is increased hunger, poverty, malnutrition, starvation, deaths, vast social inequities, inflated food prices, the decimation of small-scale farming, epidemic farmer suicides, and the loss of biodiversity, each of which violate the international human right to food, and threaten development, peace, and security. Part II of this article sets out India’s legal obligations to protect the right to food, the prerequisite of this right for development, and the duty of the State to ensure non-State actors respect this right. Part III of this article explains how and why policy reforms in India have removed key resources from small-scale farmers and rural Indians, leaving India with the highest malnutrition, poverty, and hunger rates in the world. Part IV concludes that the neoliberal reforms have resulted in the failure of the right to food and the right to development in the country, and have perpetuated poverty, powerlessness, and exclusion among India’s poor; India must pursue a development strategy that is human-rights centered, and must implement economic reforms that are grounded in justice, equity, and respect for the inherent dignity of the human being. Some initial areas for reform are identified as a means for the Indian government to protect the right to food, and to work towards the realization of the full benefits of development for all Indians.Malgré les rapports qu’elle est la prochaine superpuissance économique de l’Asie, l’Inde connaît une crise alimentaire qui menace le développement, la paix et la sécurité. Touchant plus de 700 millions d’Indiens et d’Indiennes, la crise alimentaire est due au manquement de l’État de remplir ses obligations légales de protéger le droit international de la personne à l’alimentation. Des politiques agricoles incompatibles suite à l’Indépendance, la Révolution verte et les réformes néolibérales exigées par la Banque mondiale, le Fonds monétaire international et l’Organisation mondiale du Commerce ont démantelé la capacité de production alimentaire du pays. Il en résulte une augmentation de la faim, de la pauvreté, de la malnutrition, de l’inanition, de décès, d’iniquités sociales de grande envergure, de la majoration du coût des aliments, la décimation de la petite culture, le suicide épidémique chez les cultivateurs et la perte de biodiversité, tous des éléments qui violent le droit international de la personne à l’alimentation et qui menacent le développement, la paix et la sécurité. La deuxième partie de cet article expose les obligations légales de l’Inde de protéger le droit à l’alimentation, le fait que ce droit est préalable au développement, et le devoir de l’État d’assurer que les acteurs autres que l’État respectent ce droit. La troisième partie de l’article explique comment et pourquoi les réformes des politiques en Inde ont enlevé des ressources-clées des petits cultivateurs et des Indiens et Indiennes en milieu rural, laissant l’Inde avec les taux de malnutrition, de pauvreté et de faim les plus élevés au monde. La quatrième partie conclut que les réformes néolibérales ont mené à l’échec du droit à l’alimentation et du droit au développement dans le pays et ont perpétué la pauvreté, l’impuissance et l’exclusion chez les pauvres de l’Inde; l’Inde doit poursuivre une stratégie de développement centrée sur les droits de la personne et doit mettre en place des réformes économiques fondées sur la justice, l’équité, et le respect de la dignité inhérente à l’être humain. Quelques domaines initiaux dans lesquels effectuer des réformes sont identifiés comme moyen par lequel le gouvernement indien peut protéger le droit à l’alimentation et oeuvrer à la réalisation de tous les avantages du développement pour tous les Indiens et Indiennes.


2018 ◽  
pp. 178-189
Author(s):  
Grishma Soni ◽  
Prachi V. Motiyani

As we all know that food is the basic Human necessity, without which no one can survive. Making food available for all the people in the world is now days becoming a complex issue. The availability food is decreasing as a result of increase in population that will result in food insecurity or malnutrition. Indian constitution interprets the right to food as part of right to life, which is fundamental human right. Change in climate, the impact of globalization, Global Warming, Carbon dioxide emission from fuel etc. also affects the right to food of many people. This paper examines the situation prevailing in India and looks into the obligations and initiatives by the government of India to ensure Right to Food and make suggestions for addressing the issue and examines the possible way to make the scheme workable to achieve food security.


2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Michelle Jurkovich

This chapter focuses on one case of an economic and social right, the right to food. It mentions the development of an alternative model of advocacy, called the buckshot model, which explains the trajectories of campaigns in terms of the right to food. It also discusses international anti-hunger activism, which cites the fore advocacy surrounding the human right to food. The chapter emphasizes how the fulfillment of other human rights is either impossible or substantively meaningless without the realization of the right to food. It points out that more people die from hunger and related causes globally than in all wars, civil and international, combined.


2021 ◽  
pp. 125-145
Author(s):  
Francesco Alicino

With this article the Author focuses the attention on today's multiple facets of the food crises, which prevents from characterizing countries as low-income and undernourished or high-income and only concerned with people overweight or obese. This will allow to underscore the multi-sectorial aspects of the right to food, including the environmental foodprint. It, on the other hand, explains the function of the judiciary, which will lead to the broader notion of both the adequate food and the food system while sharpening their sustainability. For these same reasons, today's food system may offer a valuable space for learning to eliminate, or at least reduce, the unreasonable discriminations and unsustainable social injustice.


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