Ocean acidification at the Poles: regional responses to marine environmental change in the Anthropocene

Climate change is leading to shifts in species geographical distributions, but populations are also probably adapting to environmental change at different rates across their range. Owing to a lack of natural and empirical data on the influence of phenotypic adaptation on range shifts of marine species, we provide a general conceptual model for understanding population responses to climate change that incorporates plasticity and adaptation to environmental change in marine ecosystems. We use this conceptual model to help inform where within the geographical range each mechanism will probably operate most strongly and explore the supporting evidence in species. We then expand the discussion from a single-species perspective to community-level responses and use the conceptual model to visualize and guide research into the important yet poorly understood processes of plasticity and adaptation.This article is part of the theme issue ‘The role of plasticity in phenotypic adaptation to rapid environmental change’.

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9 Addressing the Marine Environmental Impacts of Climate Change and Ocean Acidification

10.1093/law/9780198707325.003.0009 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Harrison James

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Carbon Sequestration ◽

Ocean Acidification ◽

International Law ◽

Ecological Integrity ◽

Paris Agreement ◽

Legal Regime ◽

Global Regulation ◽

Marine Environmental ◽

Impacts Of Climate Change

Chapter 9 addresses the impacts of climate change and ocean acidification on the marine environment and the extent to which international law has reacted to this emerging threat to the ecological integrity of the oceans. These issues are particularly challenging to regulate because of their wide-ranging causes and effects. This chapter, therefore, takes into account both how the global legal regime relating to climate change, including the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and the Paris Agreement, has taken into account the oceans, as well as how sectoral treaties dealing with specific maritime activities have addressed climate change and ocean acidification within their normative framework. In this latter respect, the chapter focuses on the global regulation of carbon emissions from shipping and the way in which the international community has responded to proposed carbon sequestration activities at sea, including sub-seabed storage and geo-engineering.

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Approaches to Reconsider Literature on Physiological Effects of Environmental Change: Examples From Ocean Acidification Research

Frontiers in Marine Science ◽

10.3389/fmars.2018.00453 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 5 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Laura J. Falkenberg ◽

Sam Dupont ◽

Richard G. J. Bellerby

Keyword(s):

Environmental Change ◽

Ocean Acidification ◽

Physiological Effects

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Marine environmental change monitoring according to the dyke construction using Landsat TM/ETM+ data in the Saemangeum coastal area of Korea

10.1117/12.804939 ◽

2008 ◽

Author(s):

Jee-Eun Min ◽

Joo-Hyung Ryu ◽

Seok Lee ◽

Yu-Hwan Ahn

Keyword(s):

Environmental Change ◽

Coastal Area ◽

Landsat Tm ◽

Marine Environmental ◽

Change Monitoring

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Exploring local adaptation and the ocean acidification seascape – studies in the California Current Large Marine Ecosystem

Biogeosciences Discussions ◽

10.5194/bgd-10-11825-2013 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 10 (7) ◽

pp. 11825-11856 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

G. E. Hofmann ◽

T. G. Evans ◽

M. W. Kelly ◽

J. L. Padilla-Gamiño ◽

C. A. Blanchette ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Environmental Change ◽

Ocean Acidification ◽

Marine Invertebrates ◽

Marine Ecosystem ◽

California Current ◽

Biological Data ◽

Carbonate Chemistry ◽

Saturation State ◽

The Future ◽

Large Marine Ecosystem

Abstract. The California Current Large Marine Ecosystem (CCLME), a temperate marine region dominated by episodic upwelling, is predicted to experience rapid environmental change in the future due to ocean acidification. Aragonite saturation state within the California Current System is predicted to decrease in the future, with near-permanent undersaturation conditions expected by the year 2050. Thus, the CCLME is a critical region to study due to the rapid rate of environmental change that resident organisms will experience and because of the economic and societal value of this coastal region. Recent efforts by a research consortium – the Ocean Margin Ecosystems Group for Acidification Studies (OMEGAS) – has begun to characterize a portion of the CCLME; both describing the mosaic of pH in coastal waters and examining the responses of key calcification-dependent benthic marine organisms to natural variation in pH and to changes in carbonate chemistry that are expected in the coming decades. In this review, we present the OMEGAS strategy of co-locating sensors and oceanographic observations with biological studies on benthic marine invertebrates, specifically measurements of functional traits such as calcification-related processes and genetic variation in populations that are locally adapted to conditions in a particular region of the coast. Highlighted in this contribution are (1) the OMEGAS sensor network that spans the west coast of the US from central Oregon to southern California, (2) initial findings of the carbonate chemistry amongst the OMEGAS study sites, (3) an overview of the biological data that describes the acclimatization and the adaptation capacity of key benthic marine invertebrates within the CCLME.

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Exploring local adaptation and the ocean acidification seascape – studies in the California Current Large Marine Ecosystem

Biogeosciences ◽

10.5194/bg-11-1053-2014 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

pp. 1053-1064 ◽

Cited By ~ 61

Author(s):

G. E. Hofmann ◽

T. G. Evans ◽

M. W. Kelly ◽

J. L. Padilla-Gamiño ◽

C. A. Blanchette ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Environmental Change ◽

Ocean Acidification ◽

Marine Invertebrates ◽

Marine Ecosystem ◽

California Current ◽

Biological Data ◽

Carbonate Chemistry ◽

Saturation State ◽

The Future ◽

Large Marine Ecosystem

Abstract. The California Current Large Marine Ecosystem (CCLME), a temperate marine region dominated by episodic upwelling, is predicted to experience rapid environmental change in the future due to ocean acidification. The aragonite saturation state within the California Current System is predicted to decrease in the future with near-permanent undersaturation conditions expected by the year 2050. Thus, the CCLME is a critical region to study due to the rapid rate of environmental change that resident organisms will experience and because of the economic and societal value of this coastal region. Recent efforts by a research consortium – the Ocean Margin Ecosystems Group for Acidification Studies (OMEGAS) – has begun to characterize a portion of the CCLME; both describing the spatial mosaic of pH in coastal waters and examining the responses of key calcification-dependent benthic marine organisms to natural variation in pH and to changes in carbonate chemistry that are expected in the coming decades. In this review, we present the OMEGAS strategy of co-locating sensors and oceanographic observations with biological studies on benthic marine invertebrates, specifically measurements of functional traits such as calcification-related processes and genetic variation in populations that are locally adapted to conditions in a particular region of the coast. Highlighted in this contribution are (1) the OMEGAS sensor network that spans the west coast of the US from central Oregon to southern California, (2) initial findings of the carbonate chemistry amongst the OMEGAS study sites, and (3) an overview of the biological data that describes the acclimatization and the adaptation capacity of key benthic marine invertebrates within the CCLME.

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Inherent resilience, major marine environmental change and revitalisation of coastal communities in Soma, Fukushima Prefecture, Japan

International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction ◽

10.1016/j.ijdrr.2020.101852 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 51 ◽

pp. 101852

Author(s):

Leslie Mabon ◽

Midori Kawabe ◽

Yi-Chen Huang ◽

Leon Moller ◽

Junzheng Gu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Environmental Change ◽

Coastal Communities ◽

Fukushima Prefecture ◽

Marine Environmental

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Recycling of induction furnace steel slag in concrete for marine environmental applications towards ocean acidification studies

International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology ◽

10.1007/s13762-021-03362-7 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

J. Baalamurugan ◽

V. Ganesh Kumar ◽

B. S. N. Naveen Prasad ◽

R. Padmapriya ◽

V. Karthick ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ocean Acidification ◽

Induction Furnace ◽

Steel Slag ◽

Environmental Applications ◽

Furnace Steel ◽

Marine Environmental

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Assessing carbon dioxide removal through global and regional ocean alkalinization under high and low emission pathways

Earth System Dynamics ◽

10.5194/esd-9-339-2018 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 339-357 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Andrew Lenton ◽

Richard J. Matear ◽

David P. Keller ◽

Vivian Scott ◽

Naomi E. Vaughan

Keyword(s):

Carbon Dioxide ◽

Ocean Acidification ◽

Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide ◽

Global Scale ◽

Earth System ◽

Saturation State ◽

Surface Warming ◽

Regional Responses ◽

Carbon Dioxide Co2 ◽

Atmospheric Co2 Concentrations

Abstract. Atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) levels continue to rise, increasing the risk of severe impacts on the Earth system, and on the ecosystem services that it provides. Artificial ocean alkalinization (AOA) is capable of reducing atmospheric CO2 concentrations and surface warming and addressing ocean acidification. Here, we simulate global and regional responses to alkalinity (ALK) addition (0.25 PmolALK yr−1) over the period 2020–2100 using the CSIRO-Mk3L-COAL Earth System Model, under high (Representative Concentration Pathway 8.5; RCP8.5) and low (RCP2.6) emissions. While regionally there are large changes in alkalinity associated with locations of AOA, globally we see only a very weak dependence on where and when AOA is applied. On a global scale, while we see that under RCP2.6 the carbon uptake associated with AOA is only ∼ 60 % of the total, under RCP8.5 the relative changes in temperature are larger, as are the changes in pH (140 %) and aragonite saturation state (170 %). The simulations reveal AOA is more effective under lower emissions, therefore the higher the emissions the more AOA is required to achieve the same reduction in global warming and ocean acidification. Finally, our simulated AOA for 2020–2100 in the RCP2.6 scenario is capable of offsetting warming and ameliorating ocean acidification increases at the global scale, but with highly variable regional responses.

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